中国南海区1992-2012年的中尺度涡旋演化过程表达与统计分析

Automated identification and tracking of mesoscale ocean eddies has recently become one research hotspot in physical oceanography. Several methods have been developed and applied to survey the general kinetic and geometric characteristics of the ocean eddies in the South China Sea（SCS）. However, very few studies attempt to examine eddies＇ internal evolution processes. In this study, we reported a hybrid method to trace eddies＇ propagation in the SCS based on their internal structures, which are characterized by eddy centers, footprint borders, and composite borders. Eddy identification and tracking results were represented by a GIS-based spatiotemporal model. Information on instant states, dynamic evolution processes, and events of disappearance, reappearance, split, and mergence is stored in a GIS database. Results were validated by comparing against the ten Dongsha Cyclonic Eddies（DCEs） and the three long-lived anticyclonic eddies（ACEs） in the northern SCS, which were reported in previous literature. Our study confirmed the development of these eddies. Furthermore, we found more DCE-like and ACE-like eddies in these areas from 2005 to 2012 in our database. Spatial distribution analysis of disappearing, reappearing, splitting, and merging activities shows that eddies in the SCS tend to cluster to the northwest of Luzon Island, southwest of Luzon Strait, and around the marginal sea of Vietnam. Kuroshio intrusions and the complex sea floor topography in these areas are the possible factors that lead to these spatial clusters.     

南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究

10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration.     

西太平洋弧后盆地火山岩中熔体包裹体研究进展

熔体包裹体是在矿物生长过程中被包裹的硅酸盐小液滴,由于寄主矿物的保护,受最小程度的后期岩浆作用影响,可以有效的保留原始岩浆组成、地幔源区性质及岩浆演化过程等重要信息.熔体包裹体的研究可以弥补传统全岩因受后期复杂地质过程影响而导致部分信息失真的不足.文章简要总结了熔体包裹体的主要研究领域及分析测试技术,概述了国内外关于西...     

深海系泊法向承力锚模型实验系统

法向承力锚是一种新型的拖曳嵌入式系泊基础.这种锚的工程应用仅有10 a时间.国内在此项技术上尚属空白.通过实验系统的设计,介绍了针对这种新型拖曳锚展开模型实验研究的实验平台.利用一些新型传感器和巧妙的机件设计,不仅实现了实验量测方法的创新,而且达到了经济实用的目的.实验结果也验证了整个系统设计的可靠性.     

构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的控制机理: 马努斯海盆为例

综述了马努斯海盆热液区构造特征、基底差异, 结合马努斯海盆热液区热液活动与构造-岩浆特征, 探讨了二者的耦合关系, 以及构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的影响和控制。马努斯海盆位于西南太平洋俾斯麦海的东北部, 是世界上扩张速度最快的海盆之一。马努斯海盆西部(马努斯扩张中心, Manus Spreading Center, MSC)主要由海盆扩张成熟期产生的大洋中脊玄武岩组成, 属于成熟弧后扩张中心,发育Vienna Woods热液区; 海盆东部(东南裂谷, Southeast Rift, SER)则是一个拉张裂谷, 处于扩张的早期阶段, 属于不成熟弧后扩张中心, 发育PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls三大热液区。MSC与大洋中脊的热液活动相似, 而SER因受到火山、俯冲作用影响更为显著, 其热液流体具有岩浆流体和俯冲流体的特征。与Vienna Woods热液压相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS以及SuSu Knolls三个热液区的水深相对较浅(1 150～1 740 m), 是地球内部热物质由内向外迁移的结果, 其下部岩浆作用强烈。此外,岩浆脱气作用和数值模拟结果表明, PACMANUS热液系统中具有岩浆流体的输入。与Vienna Woods热液区相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls热液区的热液活动强度及流体组成主要受控于岩浆作用。     

冲绳海槽岩心沉积物稀土元素特征及物源指示

通过对比研究了冲绳海槽南部、中部、北部岩心沉积物的稀土元素(REEs)组成和分异特征,揭示了冲绳海槽不同区域的物源差异。由于火山物质和周围河流携带的陆源物质贡献程度不同,各岩心沉积物REE组成存在显著差异。∑REE、∑LREE具由南至北递减的趋势,北部具相对更高的∑HREE,南部次之。LREEs与HREEs间的分馏程度,LREEs、HREEs内部分馏程度均由南至北依次减小。从粒度、微量元素和稀土特征参数的垂向变化来看,岩心S3物源相对单一,沉积环境随时间变化较小,主要受长江和台湾河流沉积物控制。岩心S10、S9沉积物来源更为复杂多样(特别是S9),沉积环境在时间尺度上发生了较大的变迁。岩心S10层位1主要受黄河和长江沉积物控制,层位2具黄河沉积物和火山物质混合的特征,岩心S9层位1是黄河沉积物和火山物质混合的结果,层位2主要受黄河沉积物控制。     

基于三轴加速度的波浪测量技术研究

以浮标为载体,以TMS320C6416型DSP处理器、三轴加速度传感器、电子罗盘为硬件电路核心,利用加速度频域二次积分的波高计算方法以及三轴加速度倾角补偿电子罗盘的波向测量方式,进行海洋波浪要素测量技术研究,获取了某一海域不同时段的波浪特征值。     

冲绳海槽南段沉积物的元素赋存状态及其热液活动记录

为了解冲绳海槽南部沉积物的元素赋存状态以及热液活动对沉积物中元素组成的影响,对冲绳海槽南部沉积物岩芯HOBAB4-S2进行了全岩样及顺序提取分析,探讨了该沉积物岩芯中Al、Ti、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Co、Ni及稀土元素的赋存状态,结果表明残留相与碳酸盐相是岩芯沉积物中元素的重要赋存形式,典型的碎屑组分Al、K、Ti在残留相中比例极高。铁锰氧化物相和有机结合相中各元素含量均相对较低,但在铁锰氧化物相中,与热液活动相关的金属元素在岩芯的萃取比例及含量上随着深度变化具有一致性,同时在4个层位出现了异常高值,表明在该层位对应的时期出现了热液活动对元素组成的显著影响,稀土元素总量变化上也可看出明显相同的变化趋势。沉积物的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式整体显示了轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素更富集的特征,具有极其轻微的Ce正异常和明显的Eu负异常,与南大西洋受热液活动影响较小的沉积物中铁锰氧化物相的配分模式类似,表明其受到热液流体的影响,是铁锰颗粒吸附海水与热液流体中稀土元素的结果。     

基于高斯混合模型的海冰图像非监督聚类分割研究

为了利用海冰图像识别技术获取海冰冰况信息, 探索了利用高斯混合模型进行海冰图像分割的技术途径, 描述了具体算法, 并利用高斯混合模型的最大期望值（EM）算法以及最小描述长度（MDL）准则对渤海海冰图像进行目标提取。研究结果表明, 该方法可以很好地实现海冰信息的有效提取和海冰图像的有效分割, 从而证明了建立在图像分割技术...     

基于INS/DVL/GPS的UUV组合导航技术分析

水下组合导航是UUV完成长航时水下自主航行和任务的技术保障和基础,而基于INS/DVL/GPS的组合导航是当前UUV的主流组合导航方式,可解决导航误差随时间积累的难题,满足UUV长航时水下航行的要求。介绍了水下组合导航系统的结构和组成以及关键技术,并详细论述了初始对准算法、纯惯性解算算法、组合导航算法、DVL标定算法和校准算法。