印度洋偶极子对华南沿海地表风速变化的影响

印度洋偶极子（Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD）这一气候因子对印度洋周边乃至全球气候产生重要影响,在最近20多年中受到越来越多的关注;但目前尚不清楚其是否对华南沿海地表风速变化产生影响。文章依据中国华南沿海地区地表风速观测资料和最近20多年来对IOD的研究成果,应用统计分析和大气环流变化对这一问题进行分析。结果发现,除了以往提到的高—低纬度温差、北极涛动（Arctic Oscillation, AO）、太平洋年代际振荡（Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO）和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation, ENSO）外,IOD活动也是影响华南沿海地区地表风速变化的重要因素之一。IOD活动的影响弱于高—低纬度温差;但相对于AO、PDO和ENSO,IOD活动对该地区地表风速的变化产生更为重要的影响。特别是伴随全球变暖的IOD活动加强是造成华南沿海地区秋季地表风速下降的重要因素。     

Lost City低温热液场--一种新的海底热液活动类型

综述了新近发现的海底热液活动的新类型——Lost C ity低温热液场。该低温热液场坐落于距洋中脊15 km远的轴外洋底上,下伏的橄榄石经蛇纹石化反应所产生的热能是驱动该热液场的热源。低温热液场烟囱结构的矿物组分主要为方解石、文石和水镁石,热液流的温度为40~75℃,并以高pH值以及高氢、高甲烷含量为特征。Lost C ity低温热液场,为研究者们了解早期地球热液过程与它们所支撑的生命系统关系,探讨蛇纹石化、碳酸盐沉淀、微生物活动之间关系提供了天然实验室。     

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from three paddy rice based cultivation systems in Southwest China

To understand methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from permanently flooded rice paddy fields and to develop mitigation options, a field experiment was conducted in situ for two years (from late 2002 to early 2005) in three rice-based cultivation systems, which are a permanently flooded rice field cultivated with a single time and followed by a non-rice season (PF), a rice-wheat rotation system (RW) and a rice-rapeseed rotation system (RR) in a hilly area in Southwest China. The results showed that the total CH4 emissions from PF were 646.3±52.1 and 215.0±45.4 kg CH4 hm-2 during the rice-growing period and non-rice period, respectively. Both values were much lower than many previous reports from similar regions in Southwest China. The CH4 emissions in the rice-growing season were more intensive in PF, as compared to RW and RR. Only 33% of the total annual CH4 emission in PF occurred in the non-rice season, though the duration of this season is two times longer than the rice season. The annual mean N2O flux in PF was 4.5±0.6 kg N2O hm-2 yr-1. The N2O emission in the rice-growing season was also more intensive than in the non-rice season, with only 16% of the total annual emission occurring in the non-rice season. The amounts of N2O emission in PF were ignorable compared to the CH4 emission in terms of the global warming potential (GWP). Changing PF to RW or RR not only eliminated CH4 emissions in the non-rice season, but also substantially reduced the CH4 emission during the following rice-growing period (ca. 58%, P<0.05). However, this change in cultivation system substantially increased N2O emissions, especially in the non-rice season, by a factor of 3.7 to 4.5. On the 100-year horizon, the integrated GWP of total annual CH4 and N2O emissions satisfies PF>>RR≈RW. The GWP of PF is higher than that of RW and RR by a factor of 2.6 and 2.7, respectively. Of the total GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions, CH4 emission contributed to 93%, 65% and 59% in PF, RW and RR, respectively. These results suggest that changing PF to RW and RR can substantially reduce not only CH4 emission but also the total GWP of the CH4 and N2O emissions.     

贴井壁声波测井仪的有限差分模拟研究

贴井壁声波测井仪在石油勘探开发中具有广泛的应用.它能够避开泥浆的影响而直接检测井壁附近的地层性质.但目前对此进行的数值模拟研究还仅局限于比较简单的模型.有限差分法可以模拟比较复杂的井眼模型,然而贴井壁声源的频率较高（80kHz左右）,使有限差分法计算量过大.本文应用局部加密交错网格有限差分方法解决了这类数值模拟中计算精度和计算量之间的矛盾.用这种算法模拟了井中有仪器时贴井壁声源激发的声场,并将其与无仪器时的声场作了比较.对模拟结果的验证和分析显示,该有限差分方法能够正确模拟贴井壁声源激发的声场.通过考察井中仪器本体对贴井壁声源激发声场的影响发现,测井仪器本体能够对直达波进行衰减而对环绕井壁传播的面波影响不大.     

加快石门矿产资源开发利用的战略思考

石门县矿产资源以非金属矿产为特色 ,但目前的开发程度尚不够理想。欲加快其开发利用进程 ,需科学规划、合理布局 ,查明可利用矿产资源 ,大力发展矿产品加工业 ,组建矿业集团公司 ,并加强矿业执法和人才培养等。本文对发展石门矿业经济具有指导意义。     

湘西自治州大风天气气候特征及天气形势特点

通过湘西自治州１０年的大风资料的统计分析,对湘西自治州大风的时空分布特征天气特性、地形影响因素有基本的了解,对今后预报湘西自治州大风有一定的帮助和启发。     

藏北羌塘查郎拉地区中生代盆地沉积构造背景探讨

羌塘盆地查郎拉地区位于唐古拉山南坡 ,大地构造位置处在羌塘盆地羌南坳陷 ,出露地层为中生界及新生界 ,缺失古生界地层。为评价该区中、新生界含油气前景 ,应用沉积学和沉积地球化学方法 ,通过碎屑岩颗粒成分分析研究了该地区中生代的大地构造背景。首次提出该区中生代物源区应为碰撞造山带—前陆隆起区 ,具有增生基底特点 ;研究区所处的羌南坳陷总体为一拉张背景下的边缘前陆盆地 ,具有被动大陆边缘—活动大陆边缘过渡性质。     

金是通过什么方式搬运与沉淀的

数十年来,金在不同的地质作用过程中的迁移与沉积机理一直是许多矿床地质学家和地球化学家们争论的焦点。根据最近的地质与地球化学研究,对如下几个问题进行了探讨：（１）什么样的含水络合物最有利于金的迁移与搬运;（２）为什么金富集在脉型矿床中;（３）在什么样的物理－化学条件下,金的含水络合物可以得到充分溶解;（４）为什么绝大多数金矿床的形成范围集中在３４０℃￣４００℃,在热液成矿流体中,金可能是以ＡｕＨＳ（     

金门东南海域中强地震活动区的地震构造背景

金门东南海域是泉州—汕头地震带内的一个中强地震活动区。该海域是晚第三纪以来形成的断陷海湾 ,中强地震的发生与该海湾构造活动密切相关。对该海域断裂构造活动、地震活动、地球物理场的分析表明 ,中强地震多发生在 :F1 断裂以西及其与F1 3 ,F23 ,F4断裂的交汇处 ;海域局部莫霍面隆起西侧边缘 (热区中心西侧边缘 )地带 ;NE向重力梯度带向西扭曲处及正剩余布格异常Ⅰ区与Ⅲ区之间的地段 ,即深部高密度体周围的密度变异处     

非均匀冻胀条件下铁路纵向变形模型及参数分析

我国是冻土分布大国,寒区铁路轨道普遍遭受地基土冻胀影响。以往的研究偏重地基土的冻胀特征,而对纵向非均匀冻胀变形下铁路与地基土的相互作用关注较少。基于双层弹性地基梁理论,建立铁轨-轨下基础在非均匀冻胀变形作用下的力学模型,给出模型的解析解,结合算例分析夹层弹性系数和冻胀量对轨道位移和内力的影响。结果表明：弹性夹层可以有效减弱铁轨的冻胀变形和应力响应,有利于维护铁轨的运营;铁轨和轨下基础的过渡段长度、凹凸弯折段处的剪力、弯矩随着冻胀位移的增大而增长;夹层弹性系数增大会导致冻胀力对轨下基础的影响逐渐向轨道转移;过渡段的长度只与冻胀量有关。文章提出的计算方法和分析结论可为寒区铁路设计和运营维护提供科学指导。