浙江西裘晚元古代层状硅质岩热水沉积地球化学标志及其沉积环境意义

在浙江西裘地区晚元古界地层中存在与地层整合产出的层状硅质岩。硅质岩富Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ，相对贫Ａ１，富集Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ、Ｇａ，稀土元素总量低，铈负异常，重稀土相对富集，具热水沉积硅质岩的地球化学特征。在Ａ１－Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ和Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－（Ｎｉ＋Ｃｏ＋Ｃｕ）三角图上均属于热水沉积硅质岩。硅质岩硅、氧同位素地球化学也显示其热水成因之特点。硅质岩的ＭｎＯ／ＴｉＯ２、δＣｅ和δ３０Ｓｉ值分析表明本区层状硅质岩主要是在深海环境下沉积的。硅质岩形成温度较高，约为８２－１６５℃。     

密度法无损测定黄金饰品中金量的原理及影响因素讨论

本文根据物理学的基本定律，通过严密的数学推导，详细讨论了密度法无损测定黄金饰品含金量的基本原理、影响测定准确度的诸因素以及测量误差的估计等问题，阐明了该不的实用和局限性。在此基础上初步探索了以Ｘ射线光谱法与密度法联合，进行了金饰品含金量准确测定的途径。     

Application of X-band Polarimetric Phased-array Radars in Quantitative Precipitation Estimation

The performance of different quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE) relationships is examined using the polarimetric variables from the X-band polarimetric phased-array radars in Guangzhou,China.Three QPE approaches,namely,R(Z_H),R(Z_H,Z_DR) and R(K_DP),are developed for horizontal reflectivity,differential reflectivity and specific phase shift rate,respectively.The estimation parameters are determined by fitting the relationships to the observed radar...     

基于GIS和空间逻辑回归模型的城市空间扩展预测——以深圳市龙岗区为例

本文从土地利用的角度出发,分析了城市扩展的基本原理和过程,提出城市空间扩展直接原因在于城市发展对土地的需求,城市空间扩展预测可分为城市发展用地总体需求预测和空间扩展预测的观点,并采用优化组合预测模型对城市用地总体规模扩展进行建模,利用空间逻辑回归模型对空间分布扩展进行建模,两者共同构建了城市空间扩展预测模型,最后以深圳市龙岗区为例,进行了试验,验证了这种思路。     

粤西北对流性大风的物理参数及雷达回波特征

为了解粤西北对流天气的特点,对2015—2020年粤西北发生的60个大风和冰雹天气个例的物理参数、雷达产品的特征进行分析,结果表明:粤西北对流性大风的物理参数有明显的季节性和地域性,其中在春季K指数为27~40℃,出现冰雹时普遍≥32℃,TT为30~55℃,t₇₀₀-t₅₀₀>14℃、t₈₅₀-t₅₀₀>22℃,IQ为2800~5000 g·hPa·kg^-1;夏季K指数为35~42℃,TT为42~46℃,IQ为4200~6600 g·hPa·kg^-1。沙氏指数、垂直风切变、特殊高度层等物理参数在对流性大风、冰雹的潜势预报指示意义有一定的局限性。对流性大风的雷达回波春季多为带状和块状,夏季以点状、块状发展为主,径向速度>12 m/s、ET为10~13 km、VIL值30 kg/㎡以上并有急增或急降现象;出现冰雹时多为超级单体,有三体散射现象、V形缺口等特征,回波强度>60 dBz、径向速度>18 m/s、Z_DR>2.4、K_DP>2.8 dBz。     

An Evaluation of Tropical Cyclone Genesis Forecast over the Western North Pacificand the South China Sea from the CMA-TRAMS

Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis forecasting is essential for daily operational practices during the typhoon season.The updated version of the Tropical Regional Atmosphere Model for the South China Sea (CMA-TRAMS) offersforecasters reliable numerical weather prediction (NWP) products with improved configurations and fine resolution. Whiletraditional evaluation of typhoon forecasts has focused on track and intensity, the increasing accuracy of TC genesisforecasts calls for more comprehensive evaluation methods to assess the reliability of these predictions. This study aims toevaluate the effectiveness of the CMA-TRAMS for cyclogenesis forecasts over the western North Pacific and South ChinaSea. Based on previous research and typhoon observation data over five years, a set of localized, objective criteria has beenproposed. The analysis results indicate that the CMA-TRAMS demonstrated superiority in cyclogenesis forecasts, pre dicting 6 out of 22 TCs with a forecast lead time of up to 144 h. Additionally, over 80% of the total could be predicted 72 hin advance. The model also showed an average TC genesis position error of 218.3 km, comparable to the track errors ofoperational models according to the annual evaluation. The study also briefly investigated the forecast of Noul (2011). Theforecast field of the CMA-TRAMS depicted thermal and dynamical conditions that could trigger typhoon genesis, con sistent with the analysis field. The 96-hour forecast field of the CMA-TRAMS displayed a relatively organized three dimensional structure of the typhoon. These results can enhance understanding of the mechanism behind typhoon genesis,fine-tune model configurations and dynamical frameworks, and provide reliable forecasts for forecasters.     

工(矿)业污染场地钻探取样技术要求及选用方法探讨

钻探取样是污染场地勘察与评估的重要环节。基于欧美发达国家的污染场地勘察工程实践经验及相关技术文献,本文阐明了污染场地钻探取样的质量要求（即保持物理和化学原状性）取决于土样所需的测试项目和所含污染物的化学稳定性,梳理了适用于污染场地各种钻进技术的优缺点及适用的土类,以及各种取样技术特点及配套的取样器。在此基础上,针对不同类型污染场地提出了钻进取样技术选用方法,用于指导工（矿）业污染场地的勘察工程实践。     

中国南海台风模式(TRAMS-v2.0)技术特点及其预报性能

中国南海台风模式(TRAMS)是基于GRAPES的非静力中尺度模式,采用半隐半拉格朗日时间差分方案,借助Helmholtz方程进行隐式求解,并在原模式的基础上,采用三维静力参考大气、非线性项分步计算、物理过程倾向隐式处理及与动力过程耦合等技术,形成新的模式动力过程计算方案。模式物理过程主要包括:长短波辐射、云微物理、湍流和深浅对流和海陆面等下垫面参数化方案,新版南海台风模式重点研发了海陆面参数化方案(SMS方案),改进了积云参数化方案(NSAS方案),并且引入地形重力波拖曳参数化方案(KA95方案)。预报模式的覆盖范围:81~161°E,0~51°N。水平格距为0.18°,垂直方向分65层,时间积分步长为100 s。2015年批量试验结果表明,新版南海台风模式预报性能稳定,误差较小,与EC全球模式同样本比较,发现短时效(如0~24 h)两模式台风路径预报误差水平基本相当,而较长时效(如48~72 h),南海台风模式的预报误差小于EC全球模式,具备较好的业务应用价值。     

MEASUREMENTS OF PARTICLE NUMBER SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND NEW PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS DURING WINTER IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION, CHINA

Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm),accumulation mode(100 nm-1μm) and coarse mode(1-20 μm) particles were 1 552,7 470,4 012,and 19 cm-3,respectively.The volume concentration of accumulation mode particles with peak at 300 nm accounted for over 70% of the total volume concentration.Diurnal variations and dependencies on meteorological parameters of PNSD were investigated.The diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles was mainly influenced by new particle formation events,while the diurnal variation of Aitken mode particles correlated to the traffic emission and the growth process of nucleation mode particles.When the PRD region was controlled by a cold high pressure,conditions of low relative humidity,high wind speed and strong radiation are favorable for the occurrence of new particle formation(NPF) events.The frequency of occurrence of NPF events was 21.3% during the whole measurement period.Parameters describing NPF events,including growth rate(GR) and source rate of condensable vapor(Q),were slightly larger than those in previous literature.This suggests that intense photochemical and biological activities may be the source of condensable vapor for particle growth,even during winter in the PRD.     

~(220)Rn气体瞬时活度浓度估算模型

通过对~(220)Rn及其子体衰变特性和特定条件下分布规律的研究,结合迁移、扩散规律以及影响因素等,初步构建~(220)Rn瞬时活度浓度估算模型,模型的提出对今后放射性环境调查评价工作具有参考意义。