新型抗水氯氧镁水泥防渗渠在自然环境的水化产物、相转变规律及其对强度的影响

氯氧镁水泥(Magnesium oxychloride cement, MOC)具有快凝、早强、高强、防火和不腐蚀玻璃纤维等优点,非常适合于制作玻璃纤维增强薄壁制品,在农业灌溉工程中具有良好的应用前景。采用XRD和TOPAS分析了新型抗水氯氧镁水泥制成内蒙古防渗渠的物相组成,探讨了氯氧镁水泥制品在自然环境的水化产物与相转变规律、以及相组成对强度的影响。结果表明,在水分缺少的条件下,氯氧镁水泥的水化产物主要为5Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·8H_2O(5·1·8)和Mg(OH)_2;在水分充足的条件下,水化产物主要为Mg(OH)_2和5·1·8,碳化产物为碳化氯氧化镁Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·2MgCO_3·6H_2O(1·1·2·6)和水菱镁矿4MgCO_3·Mg(OH)_2·4H_2O(4·1·4)。水化产物对强度有促进作用,而碳化产物会降低强度。通过10年的工程环境考验,证明新型氯氧镁水泥制品在环境中能够保持主要强度相5·1·8的稳定性,具有良好的长期力学性能。     

渤中凹陷BZ1探区Qa构造速度异常分析

渤中凹陷BZ1探区Qa构造两口钻井在相距1.3 km的实钻过程中出现了速度异常,三维地震资料时间剖面地层深度与钻井地质分层深度出现了不一致的矛盾现象,即新钻井Qa 3井的钻井预测深度相对于本井地质分层深度更深,速度相对于Qa 2井变小,因而两口井地震速度在横向分布上出现了明显差异。分析表明,速度异常主要由沉积和构造共同作用所引起。利用地震叠加速度谱建模,通过井点速度场、趋势种子点进行校正,获取到更加准确的地下速度,并进行高精度变速成图,能够真实反映地下构造。对比单井速度预测钻井深度与单井速度场校正速度谱建模速度场预测钻井深度,并对比其误差精度,可以看出后者有效地解决了实际钻探过程中因速度异常而导致预测深度误差偏大的问题。因此钻前进行速度场建模与变速构造成图,对今后勘探井或评价井的部署及钻井深度精确预测具有重要的指导作用。     

溢油污染的渤海海冰反射光谱特征实测研究

Oil spilled on the sea ice surface in the Bohai Sea of China is studied through the field measurements of the reflectance of a simulated sea ice-oil film mixed pixel. The reflection characteristics of sea ice and oil film are also analyzed. It is found that the mixed pixel of sea ice and oil film is a linear mixed pixel. The means of extracting sea ice pixels containing oil film is presented using a double-band ratio oil-film sea-ice index(DROSI) and a normalized difference oil-film sea-ice index(NDOSI) through the analysis of the reflectance curves of the sea iceoil film pixel for different ratios of oil film. The area proportion of the oil film in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be accurately estimated by the average reflectance of the band of 1 610–1 630 nm, and the volume of the spilled oil can be further estimated. The method of the sea ice-oil film pixel extraction and the models to estimate the proportion of oil film area in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be applied to the oil spill monitoring of the ice-covered area in the Bohai Sea using multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing images in the shortwave infrared band(1 500–1 780 nm).     

Changes in the small-jellyfish community in recent decades in Jiaozhou Bay, China

We used long term monitoring data to evaluate changes in abundance and species dominance of small-jellyfish (collected with zooplankton net whose bell diameter was less than 5 cm) between 1991 and 2009 in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. Zooplankton samples were vertically towed with conical plankton net from near-bottom to surface, identified microscopically, and mapped in time-space using Grapher 7.0 and Surfer 8.0. Results show that the abundance of small-jellyfish throughout the bay had been increasing during 2001-2009 on average of 15.2 ind./m 3 , almost 5 times higher than that between 1991 and 2000. The occurrence of peak abundance shifted from spring to summer after 2000, and two peaks appeared in spring and summer, respectively, after 2005. Both the abundance and the frequency of blooms of small-jellyfish increased after 2000 in the bay. In addition, the biodiversity of jellyfish has increased significantly in recent years with a change in dominant species. Several new dominant species appeared after 2000, including Rathkae octopunctata in winter, Phialidium hemisphaericum in spring, summer, and autumn, Phialucium carolinae in spring, and Pleurobrachia globosa in summer and autumn, while some previous dominant species throughout the 1990s (Eirene ceylonensis, Zanclea costata, Lovenella assimilis, and Muggiaea atlantica) were no longer dominant after 2000. The abundance of small-jellyfish was positively correlated with the density of dinoflagellates, and the abundance of zooplankton. We believe that the changes in smalljellyfish abundance and species composition were the result of eutrophication, aquaculture and coastal construction activities around the bay. Concurrently, seawater warming and salinity decrease in recent decades promoted the growth and reproduction of small-jellyfish in the bay.     

国家级油气资源数据库建设方案

针对油气资源信息中的海量数据处理、信息集成和综合利用等关键问题,提出了开发国家级油气资源数据库软件系统的整体设计方案。其中包括软件结构、功能结构、数据库结构以及基于C/S和B/S模式的数据库系统建设方案。阐述了应用Ajax技术实现B/S模式系统架构,使用自行开发的ETL工具解决C/S与B/S模式间多类数据的提取转换等关键问题。该设计方案用地理信息系统（GIS）的空间属性一体化技术解决问题。     

遥感技术在矿产资源潜力评价中的应用研究

遥感技术在地学里应用最广泛的是地质填图和矿产资源调查。随着信息获取和信息处理技术的不断进步和完善,遥感地质找矿在遥感应用领域里取得了长足的发展。本文结合遥感技术,阐述了其基本原理及其在矿产资源开发预测中的应用,并以实例进行研究。     

活性MgO定量分析标准方法的比较研究

用WB和JC标准水合法测定轻烧MgO粉的活性MgO含量,对测定结果进行方差和误差分析,并研究了水化时间对测定结果的影响。结果表明,两种方法存在显著性差异,WB和JC水合法的平均相对误差分别为1.31%和-19.85%,WB水合法精密度远高于JC水合法。以WB水合法为基准,JC水合法的平均相对误差大于-20%,远远超过行业标准中规定的±3%。因此,对于镁水泥原料MgO中活性含量的定量分析,不能采用JC方法,必须采用WB方法。此外,发现水化3 h已经接近活性氧化镁的水化平衡,为修订WB标准方法提供了参考依据。     

一种ENC数据在空间信息平台下的转换方法

通过解析电子航海图(electronic navigational chart,ENC)的数据空间组织结构与数据模型,提出一种利用数据存储方式建设ENC专题数据库的方法,这种存储方式解决了多物标类多属性的统一存储问题,简化了数据的存储结构.同时,基于设计的ENC数据解析与读取方法,结合ENC动态符号化技术,在空间信息平...     

基于遥感影像的哈尔滨市城市热环境变化

以Landsat TM/ETM+为基本数据源,利用遥感和GIS技术定量反演了哈尔滨市1989和2000年的地面亮温和植被指数(NDVI),对标准化地面亮温分级数据进行热力景观指数计算,研究城市热场分布的空间格局、时空变化规律和不同植被指数(NDVI)等级下热环境的变化特征.结果表明:1989和2000年哈尔滨市建成区均存在显著的热岛效应,2000年建成区热岛效应增强,哈尔滨市总体地面亮温升高;热力景观日趋破碎,各景观类型受干扰程度较大,处于很不稳定的状态.NDVI与地面亮温的负相关性随着植被覆盖度的升高而增大;植被覆盖度与地面亮温的空间变异呈负相关.     

桩土体系相互作用的计算机仿真分析

以一维应力波理论为基础,应用桩土体系相互作用的数值模拟方法,得到了反映桩中应力波的传播过程及反射特性的桩身各点振动速度空间曲面;模拟分析了各类桩身缺陷对桩的振动特性的影响,并将理论曲线与实测曲线进行拟合对比。结果表明:两者基本一致。