2017 - 2018年冬季乌梁素海湖冰表面裂缝形态分析

在2017 - 2018年冬季使用无人机对乌梁素海湖冰的冰面裂缝进行了航拍, 采用改进的自适应阈值分割方法进行图像二值化处理, 提取了冰裂缝的密度和分形维数。分析结果显示： 在固定区域的冰裂缝分形维数在1.35 ~ 1.50间变化, 冰裂缝数量随时间增加, 其分形维数也随之线性增大; 在冰生长期间, 冰厚度与冰裂缝分形维数也呈现出明显的线性关系（相关系数R²=0.75）。冰面不同区域的冰裂缝密度和分形维数在0.017 ~ 0.079、 1.38 ~ 1.64间变化, 且两者之间存在显著的对数相关性（相关系数R²>0.96）, 不同日期航拍数据拟合结果近似相等, 说明冰裂缝密度越大, 对应的分形维数越大。作为表征冰面形态特征的一种物理指标, 建立得到的冰裂缝分形维数与冰厚、 裂缝密度的相关关系, 对未来利用冰面裂缝形态监测冰层的生消过程可提供科学的参考。     

寒区输油管道基于应变设计的极限状态研究

寒区输油管线沿线地质环境复杂,滑坡、冻胀、融沉等自然灾害会导致管道形成大差异变形量.而差异变形量所引起的应力应变行为直接影响管道的安全服役性能,严重时会使管道破坏失效.基于寒区输油管道在实际服役工况下的受力变形条件,充分考虑冻胀效应、油压效应和热应力效应对输油管道的影响,分析了不同长度、壁厚、油压条件下轴向拉伸应变的分布规律及其影响因素.基于轴向应变设计理论准则,建立了上述条件下输油管道的极限服役状态,得到了对应状态下输油管道的许应最大极限冻胀变形量.结果分析表明,采用基于应力的设计准则偏保守,采用基于轴向应变的设计准则能更多的利用管材的变形性能.可为管道的合理设计、安全评价、完整性管理提供一定的理论参考.     

不同升温模式下冻土地区装配式基础热稳定性研究

以IPCC SRES A2、A1B、B1三种气候变化模式为基础,利用数值方法研究了青藏直流联网工程冻土区装配式基础的冻融过程以及活动层、融化深度、地温的变化规律.结果表明：工程扰动和气候变暖改变了冻土的热状态,促进了冻土退化,均为影响基础长期稳定性的重要因素,其中混凝土桩基的强化导热作用加剧了冻融过程,气候升温导致活动层厚度增加,土层温度升高;随着深度的增加,冻土响应减弱,冻土温度变化幅度越小;在三种升温模式下50年后融化深度分别达到3.12m、5.07m和6.02m,而同期天然场地活动层厚度为2.07m、4.37 m、5.62 m,说明冻土对不同升温模式的响应程度不同,且中心冻土在气候变暖和工程扰动双重影响下退化更快;从第10年到第50年,这三种模式下桩基中心融化速率分别为1.5 cm·α-1,6.2 cm·α-1,8.6 cm·α-1,即随着升温速率的增加,土层融化深度增加,冻土退化速度加快;低升温率时冻土变化主要受工程作用,而在较高升温模式下冻土退化则主要受气候变暖的影响.     

Analysis on spatial distribution and correlation of pavement distress along the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway北大核心CSCD

The Xinjiang-Tibet Highway（XTH）is a transportation corridor of manpower and supplies from inland regions to Tibet. The XTH has the highest altitude in China,which also has complex geological conditions and high distress ratio. The pavement distress was investigated completely to analyze the spatial distribution of pavement distress along the XTH and reveal the relationship among different types of distress. The distress ratio of 7 types of pavement distress was obtained and the relationship of pavement distress and ground surface temperature,altitude and vegetation cover was quantitatively fitted along the XTH. The result shows that,distress occurrence ratio of racking is has the largest percentage,which is the main reason to reduce the road condition. Pavement distress has a positive correlation and interaction with each other. One type of distress appears with the formation and development of other types of distress. The pavement cracking of the roadway with high altitude was obviously influenced by solar radiation and freeze-thaw cycle,which has a larger occurrence scale and development ratio than other regions. This paper reveals the relationship of each pavement distress and environmental factors,and provides a scientific basis and theoretical reference for the operation,maintenance and distress treatment of the XTH and planning Xingjiang-Tibet transportation corridor. © 2022 Science Press (China).