能源与全球环境

目前,“可再生能源”这个词已进入技术发展的阶段。我们目前利用的能源是不可再生的。我们生活在都市中。由于太阳光照射1小时的能量即可满足我们一年的能源需要,今后的能源利用必定要考虑太阳能。利用地球内部的热量梯度即地热能在今后亦是诱人的。原子能尤其是聚变能的潜力极大,但尚没有迹象表明,人类非得将精力消耗在利用裂变能上不可,尽管目前这方面的技术有被滥用的趋势。     

第四纪沉积物的磁性与中国黄土

概述在古地磁和岩石磁学研究中,海陆第四纪沉积物磁性是一个独具魅力的研究领域。它不仅为研究地磁场的时、空特性提供关键数据,而且为几百万年来的地质演化提供重要信息。例如,第四纪沉积物记录了发生于大约0.73MaB.P.布容/松山极性时地磁转换时地磁场的特性。目前,从南、北两半球获得的古地磁转换数据可以用来验证地磁场的倒转     

西欧更新世哺乳动物地层学的某些问题

哺乳动物是十分有用的地层对比工具。一些欧洲国家提出了高分辨率的地层划分表。尽管对这些划分的大轮廓没有什么不同意见,但对这些地层表进行细致的比较便不难发现相互间不容忽视的差别。这里作者并不打算讨论欧洲哺乳动物地层学的所有问题,而只是集中讨论感兴趣的几个主要问题,以期能引起一些建设性的讨论,增进对更新世事件     

WINDOW FACTOR ANALYSIS:THEORETICAL DERIVATION AND APPLICATION TO FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS DATA

Window factor analysis(WFA)is a self-modeling method for extracting the concentration profiles ofindividual components from evolutionary processes such as flow injection,chromatography,titrationsand reaction kinetics.The method takes advantage of the fact that each component lies in a specificregion along the evolutionary axis,called the‘window’.Theoretical equations are derived.The methodis used to extract the concentration profiles and spectra of seven bismuth species from data obtained byGemperline and Hamilton,who injected bismuth perchlorate into a flowing stream of hydrochloric acid.     

A NEW RECEPTOR MODEL:A DIRECT TRILINEAR DECOMPOSITION FOLLOWED BY A MATRIX RECONSTRUCTION

In many cases,monitoring data for ambient airborne particles can be organized in the form of a three-way data table with one way for chemical species,one for sampling periods and one for sites.A directtrilinear decomposition followed by a matrix reconstruction(DTDMR)is developed to analyze such adata table as a whole.The three-way data set is composed into three two-way matrices by a direct trilineardecomposition(DTD).The column vectors of each of the matrices are called‘source profiles’,‘emissionpatterns’and‘site coefficients’respectively.Particulate sources are identified by examining both theirsource profiles and emission patterns.After the sources have been identified,emission patterns and sitecoefficients are used to produce a three-way matrix that gives estimates of mass contributions of sourcesto the samples collected at every site in every period.By simulation study,not only has the method beenverified,but a good indicator has been found that shows the number of factors(i.e.sources)in thesystem.Unlike other receptor models,DTDMR does not require source profile data and does not involvetrial-and-error procedures.Since DTDMR identifies sources based on variations in two dimensions,it hasa higher potential to distinguish two sources that have similar chemical compositions.The DTDMRmodel has provided excellent results with simulated data and has been applied in a real world three-waydata set.     

MARS:A TUTORIAL

This tutorial paper presents a simplified view of one of the more recently published multivariatecalibration methods particularly suited to dealing with non-linear data sets.The method is referred toas MARS and stands for multivariate adaptive regression splines.Simple examples are provided toexplain the workings of the method.     

内华达东中部安特勒前陆盆地演化与层序地层学

引言安特勒盆地的密西西比纪沉积岩出露于从爱达荷经东内华达至南内华达的连续区域内。这些岩石为硅质碎屑盆地充填序列,并超覆在晚古生代以碳酸盐沉积为主的北美西部边缘之上。在中内华达的研究区域内(图1),安特勒盆地的大部分地层已被划归为两个单位:(1)Chainman页岩(Spencer,1917;Easton等,1953);(2)Diamond Peak组的砾岩和砂岩(Easton等,1953;Nolan等,1956)。本区安特勒盆地从早密西西比世到早宾夕法尼亚     

澳大利亚特里托里(TERRITORY)北部ARLTUNGE金矿区含金石英脉分布的构造控制

1 绪言在几个世代的石英脉及与其共生的矿化建造中,渐进的脆性—韧性剪切带通常显示一种特有的型式。一组早期的贫金石英脉在剪切带内通常呈雁行状展布。这些石英脉随渐进的形变作用而变形,且被膨胀的石英脉穿切,这种膨胀脉是在剪切事件发生期间较晚期形成的,当时大多数的位移已形成于特有的狭窄裂隙带内。尽管人们通常能够识别上述矿化类型,但却未很好了解其成因和形态约束。本文涉及澳大利亚中部若干后生脉状金矿床,这些矿床是代表从韧性发展到脆性一韧性剪切带中矿化的极好实例。设想通过详细的岩性和构造形态地