我国农业持续发展若干问题浅析

本文从持续发展的研究历史及其内涵入手，对农业持续发展中的城乡协调发展，乡镇企业发展，农业科技进步，劳动者的科技素质，土地资源保护和减轻环境负担等问题进行了分析，以期在当前的新形势下，这几个问题能引起人们的重视。     

射孔对水泥环损伤的综合试验研究

为了探讨射孔时水泥环的损伤机理，系统地进行水泥环抗窜的综合试验研究，本文设计了模拟射孔的综合试验装置和材料动态性能测试装置，文中介绍了这两套装置的设计思想和试验方法，文中还对内边界受冲击力作用的镶嵌圆环进行了动光弹实验，结果表明，应力分布局限在有限范围内。     

邯邢地区燕山期角闪闪长岩系的岩浆演化——角闪石占主导的矿物分离结晶作用

通过对邯邢地区燕山期角闪闪长岩系岩石的岩相学、岩石化学和矿物化学的研究,认为岩浆的演化机制是矿物分离结晶作用,以角闪石为主的矿物分离结晶是影响岩浆成分变异的主导因素。     

一类青藏高原低涡异常路径的环境场分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、历史天气图,在分析1998-2015年移出高原后持续活动2天以上的高原低涡(简称持续高原涡)活动情况基础上,分析了在河套地区打转的持续高原涡的对流层中层高度场特征,并且利用WRF3.5.1模式,对2002年7月1-5日在河套地区打转的久治涡活动的环境场进行了模拟与台风或热带低压强度增强、减弱的数值试验。结果发现,在中国大陆以东、140°E以西洋面上台风或热带低压向北活动,会造成持续高原涡在河套地区打转的异常路径;其环流背景,主要是台风或热带低压向北活动,使副热带高压(简称副高)北抬,会使蒙古高压与副高之间的切变环境场或青海高压和副高与蒙古东部高压打通的高压之间的切变环境场持续,从而使持续高原涡处在相对较弱的切变环境场中东移受阻;数值试验表明,热带低压强度变化,会影响副高位置,从而会影响低涡打转活动的切变环境场,造成低涡打转位置与次数的变化。     

汶川抗震救灾地理信息系统的设计与实现

近年来,计算机、3S及相关技术的发展为灾害管理提供了强有力的支持,特别是地理信息系统,正被以各种方式应用于灾害管理的各个阶段。地理信息系统作为基础支撑框架和信息共享平台,不但提供了获取、集成、分析、存储和显示空间数据的工具,而且成为其他各类信息汇聚、融合的基础。本文针对汶川大地震发生后抗震救灾过程中对空间数据及信息集成的需求,给出了能够支持应急响应、灾害评估和灾后重建工作的汶川抗震救灾地理信息系统的设计与实现。     

湖南6月区域持续性暴雨概率预报模型及应用

利用1979—2016年6月EAR5再分析资料,选取湿热力平流参数、热力螺旋度、散度通量、水汽散度通量和热力波作用密度5个综合因子,采用核密度估计方法,基于TS评分最优为检验标准筛选确立最优因子和权重组合,构建了湖南区域持续性暴雨概率预报模型,并进行了独立样本检验与业务试用。结果表明:2017—2019年独立样本回代检验,平均TS评分达到29.9%,相比于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)细网格(平均TS评分为22.4%)为正技巧。在2021年、2022年汛期两次区域持续性暴雨个例的预报试验中,提前24 h的暴雨预报优于ECMWF、CMA-GFS等大尺度模式和CMA-SH、CMA-GD等区域中尺度模式,对湖南区域持续性暴雨有较强的预报能力。     

Thermodynamics and Microphysical Characteristics of an Extreme Rainfall Event Under the Influence of a Low-level Jet over the South China Coast

In this paper, the data of Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs), ERA5 reanalysis, sounding, wind profile radar, and dual-polarization radar are used to study an extreme rainfall event in the south China Coast on 11 to 12 May 2022 from the aspects of thermodynamics and microphysical characteristics under the influence of low-level jets (LLJs). Results show that: (1) The extreme rainfall event can be divided into two stages: the first stage (S1) from 0000 to 0600 LST on May 12 and the second stage (S2) from 0700 to 1700 LST on the same day. During S1, the rainfall is mainly caused by the upper-level shortwave trough and the boundary layer jet (BLJ), characterized by strong upward motion on the windward side of mountains. In S2, the combined influence of the BLJ and synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) increases the vertical wind shear and vertical vorticity, strengthening the rainstorm. In combination with the effect of topography, a warm and humid southwest flow continuously transports water vapor to farther north, resulting in a significant increase in rainfall over the study area (on the terrain’s windward slope). From S1 to S2, the altitude of a divergence center in the upper air decreases obviously. (2) The rainfalls in the two stages are both associated with the mesoscale convergence line (MCL) on the surface, and the wind field from the mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) in S1 is in the same direction as the environmental winds. Due to a small area of convergence that is left behind the MOB, convection moves eastward quickly and causes a short duration of heavy rainfall. In S2, the convergence along the MOB is enhanced, which strengthens the rainfall and leads to strong outflows, further enhancing the surface convergence near the MOB and forming a positive feedback mechanism. It results in a slow motion of convection and a long duration of heavy rainfall. (3) In terms of microphysics, the center of a strong echo in S1 is higher than in S2. The warm-rain process of the oceanic type characterizes both stages, but the convective intensity in S2 is significantly stronger than that in S1, featuring bigger drop sizes and lower concentrations. It is mainly due to the strengthening of LLJs, which makes small cloud droplets lift to melting levels, enhancing the ice phase process (riming process), producing large amounts of graupel particles and enhancing the melting and collision processes as they fall, resulting in the increase of liquid water content (LWC) and the formation of large raindrops near the surface.     

滇西芒市地区钾长花岗岩的成因及构造背景: 岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb同位素年代学证据

提要：腾冲地块芒市地区钾长花岗岩分布于芒市北部五叉路乡核桃洼、江东乡杨家寨和轩岗乡南约村一带,主要由钾长花岗岩组成。芒市地区钾长花岗岩大部分是作者通过1∶5万区域地质填图,从原高黎贡山群中解体出来的。为了限定该地区岩浆事件的准确时间,本文对该区钾长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学研究。测得芒市地区钾长花岗岩中锆石的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(60.8±0.8) Ma,其形成时代属于古近纪。该区钾长花岗岩具有高SiO2（67.97%~80.62%）、高碱（K2O+Na2O=5.08%~8.79%）、中-高钾（K2O/Na2O=1.11~17.80）、低P2O5含量(0.01%~0.15%)的特征。铝饱和指数(A/CNK)介于1.03~2.31之间,岩石属钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性过铝质-强过铝质S型花岗岩。岩石总体上富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Ta、La、Pb、Nd、Sm、Gd等,明显亏损高场强元素Ba、Nb、Ce、Sr、Zr、Hf、Eu等。稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为56×10-6~323×10-6,平均为183×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型, LaN/YbN为1.58~41.60,δEu=0.18~0.71, 显示弱到中等程度的负铕异常,具有明显的轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的特征。地球化学研究表明,该花岗岩是以含粘土的变质杂砂岩和粘土岩部分熔融形成的,岩浆可能来源于本区中晚元古代高黎贡山群为代表的地壳物质的部分熔融。是典型壳源成因类型,具岛弧型同碰撞花岗岩特征。该区古近纪钾长花岗岩的形成表明,在60.8 Ma以前,雅鲁藏布江—密支那洋已关闭,印度板块与冈底斯—腾冲板块之间的俯冲、碰撞作用已经发生,并处于岩浆弧形成阶段,为印度板块与冈底斯—腾冲板块之间俯冲、碰撞、成弧造山构造岩浆活动的响应。古近纪钾长花岗岩形成时代及其构造环境的厘定,为进一步探讨腾冲地块构造演化提供了新证据。