����GPRS��Զ����··������ʵʱ���ϵͳ�����

??????????··?????????????????????ü???????????????????????????????????????????????ɡ??????????????????????????··????????????     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THUNDERSTORM FORECAST WITH LS-SVM METHOD

The LS-SVM(Least squares support vector machine) method is presented to set up a model to forecast the occurrence of thunderstorms in the Nanjing area by combining NCEP FNL Operational Global Analysis data on 1.0°×1.0° grids and cloud-to-ground lightning data observed with a lightning location system in Jiangsu province during 2007-2008.A dataset with 642 samples,including 195 thunderstorm samples and 447 non-thunderstorm samples,are randomly divided into two groups,one(having 386 samples) for modeling and the rest for independent verification.The predictors are atmospheric instability parameters which can be obtained from the NCEP data and the predictand is the occurrence of thunderstorms observed by the lightning location system.Preliminary applications to the independent samples for a 6-hour forecast of thunderstorm events show that the prediction correction rate of this model is 78.26%,false alarm rate is 21.74%,and forecasting technical score is 0.61,all better than those from either linear regression or artificial neural network.     

2022年夏季中国高温的环流异常特征

基于美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,NOAA)全球范围扩展重建海面温度资料第5版本(Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 5,ERSSTv5),以及美国国家环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR(National Center for Atmospheric Research)逐月全球再分析资料,采用相关、回归、合成及物理量诊断等方法,对2022年夏季中国大范围高温相关环流异常的可能成因进行了分析。结果表明:(1)2022年夏季南亚高压偏强并分别向东、西方向扩展,西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称“副高”)异常偏强西伸。2022夏季为拉尼娜(La Niña)年,但热带大西洋垂直上升环流相对西太平洋更强,且热带印度洋到西太平洋热带垂直上升环流异常也偏强。(2)2022年热带大西洋、印度洋到西太平洋上空垂直环流异常和La Niña共同作用,使得夏季南亚高压和西太平洋副高极端异常。La Niña和印度洋到西太平洋垂直环流异常有利于南亚高压和西太平洋副高的偏强西伸;热带大西洋环流异常则既有利于南亚高压的加强及东扩,也有利于西太平洋副高偏强西伸。(3)印度洋到西太平洋垂直环流主要通过局地经向哈得来(Hadley)环流影响青藏高原到中国东部的环流异常,表现为青藏高原到中国东部中低层为显著的辐散异常;热带大西洋则通过引起纬向风异常(急流异常),激发遥相关波列并向下游传播,进而影响青藏高原到中国东部地区的环流异常。     

爆破作用下危岩稳定的可靠度分析

为进行爆破作用下危岩稳定性的可靠度分析,基于可靠度理论和极限平衡方程,建立了考虑爆破力作用下的滑移式危岩、坠落式危岩和倾倒式危岩的功能函数、可靠指标和失稳概率计算方法.以天生三桥爆破施工为例,计算结果表明,受到爆破作用后离爆破点较近的危岩处于欠稳定～不稳定状态,离爆破点较远的危岩处于稳定～基本稳定状态,滑移式、坠落式和...     

三峡水库近20年水面蒸发量分布特征及趋势分析

水面蒸发是三峡水库水体水量损失的主要部分,是研究水库水量平衡的基本要素。收集了三峡水库沿线7个气象局近20年的水面蒸发量观测资料,通过整理和合理性检验后,对三峡水库水体的水面蒸发量以及蒸发能力在空间和时间上的分布特征和变化规律进行了分析。分析成果表明:各观测站水面蒸发量逐月变化规律均一致;水面蒸发量逐年变化呈波动性,年蒸发量在变化过程中有显著下降的趋势。空间变化特征是月水面蒸发量由上游至下游呈现多个峰值和谷值的变化;年蒸发量是库区上游站点年蒸发量偏小,沿程变化从上游沙坪坝到下游巫山逐渐增大,然后从巫山到下游巴东逐渐变小。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的雷暴预报初探

利用2007年和2008年南京地区NCEP 1°×1°历史再分析资料和江苏省闪电定位资料,探讨最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)方法在雷暴预报中的应用.将NCEP 1°×1°资料作为实况,选取了该资料与雷暴相关性较好的参数作为预报因子,而江苏省闪电定位资料则作为预报量,建立南京地区雷暴预报的最小二乘支持向量机模型,并用...     

岳西县改造中低产田初步尝试

岳西是典型的贫困山区县,由于低产土壤分布广,自然灾害频繁,物化投入少等原因导致粮食生产水平低,广大群众没有摆脱贫困。通过耕作制度改革,优化种植结构等措施,已取得显著效果。对于山区低温冷害类型和生理机制等方面研究,也取得较大进展,同时也闯出一条具有山区特色发展高效农业的路子。     

欧亚大陆晴天大气电场变化特征统计分析

对欧亚大陆中纬度陆地9个晴天大气电场观测站点的观测数据进行了分析。结果表明:欧亚大陆中纬度陆地9个站点晴天大气电场强度的日变化主要成单峰单谷和双峰双谷两种波形。各站点的晴天大气电场强度季节变化也较为明显:冬季晴天大气电场强度值较大,夏季晴天大气电场强度值较小。晴天大气电场强度值的日变化总体上与大气电导率呈负相关,与爱根核浓度、绝对湿度呈正相关,并且温度梯度也对其有一定的影响。     

基于能量判据的剪切破坏型危岩主控结构面断裂扩展研究

将剪切型危岩主控结构面按受力机理归纳为压剪和拉剪两种形式,其本质是Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹的断裂扩展问题。应用最大应变能释放准则,建立危岩主控结构面开裂角θ0和断裂韧度GIC的计算方法。选取重庆万州首立山典型危岩进行计算,结果表明,其断裂角与基于最大周向应力准则的断裂角计算结果一致,主控结构面的开裂方向均是指向临空面方向,初步验证了方法的可行性。     

2007—2013年浙江省雷电灾害特征统计分析

In order to provide scientific references for lightning protection, the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning disasters and the characteristics in different industries are analyzed based on the lightning disaster data during 2007-2013 and specifications for statistic of lightning disaster state(QX/T 1912013) in Zhejiang province, from aspects of grade, time, space, casualty, damaged industry and facility, etc. The result shows that there are 3395 lightning disasters in Zhejiang province during 2007-2013, and June to August is the peak time. Besides, lightning disasters have strong regional characteristics, which are higher in Hangzhou, Jinhua and Lishui, and the lowest in Zhoushan. The injuries and deaths caused by lightning shows decreasing tendency from 2007 to 2013, and the number is higher in the rural than in city. The dangerous regions where injuries and deaths may caused by lightning are buildings without lightning protection systems, temporary buildings and structures, open area, or under trees. Lightning disaster are most harmful to the industries of manufacturing, rural residences, production and supply industries of electric power, gas and water, and telecommunication, while the greatest loss of economy is in the industries of manufacturing, rural residences, production and supply industries of electric power, gas and water.