利用陆态网络实时监测电离层TEC及在地震监测中的应用分析

中国大陆构造环境监测网络(陆态网络)是中国最大的GPS综合服务网络,该网络包括260个分布全国的GPS基准站。本文首先介绍了利用GPS研究电离层TEC的基本原理与方法,然后阐述了陆态网络电离层TEC监测系统的数据处理及产品发布的详细流程,最后分析了震前电离层异常现象与地震发生的耦合关系,并利用陆态网络电离层TEC监测系统的产品分析了四川省芦山7.0级地震的同震电离层扰动现象。     

长距离GPS基线及卫星定轨计算精度

利用６个ＧＰＳ固定观测点３天的观测资料，采用伯尔尼３．５版软件用多种方法计算了长距离ＧＰＳ基线边及ＧＰＳ卫星轨道参数。结果表明，对８００～３０００ｋｍ的ＧＰＳ基线，利用精密星历计算，边长及其经纬度分量重复测量精度可达１０－８～１０－９；同精密星历相比，２天轨道弧段的定轨精度为１～４ｍ（坐标中误差）。显然，采用ＩＧＳ（国际地球动力学ＧＰＳ服务处）计算中心的精密星历可以满足地球动力学及地震预报研究对ＧＰＳ的精度要求，而利用国内的观测点资料作ＧＰＳ卫星定轨，可以满足一般测量的精度要求     

Contemporary crustal deformation of the Chinese continent and tectonic block model

We obtain the preliminary result of crustal deformation velocity field for the Chinese con-tinent by analyzing GPS data from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC), particularly the data from the regional networks of CMONOC observed in 1999 and 2001. We de-lineate 9 tectonically active blocks and 2 broadly distributed deformation zones out of a denseGPS velocity field, and derive block motion Euler poles for the blocks and their relative motionrates. Our result reveals that there are 3 categories of deformation patterns in the Chinese conti-nent. The first category, associated with the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan oro-genic belt, shows broadly distributed deformation within the regions. The third category, associatedwith the Tarim Basin and the region east of the north-south seismic belt of China, shows block-likemotion, with deformation accommodated along the block boundaries only. The second category, mainly associated with the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau, such as the Qaidam, Qilian, Xining(in eastern Qinghai), and the Diamond-shaped (in western Sichuan and Yunnan) blocks, has thedeformation pattern between the first and the third, i.e. these regions appear to deform block-like,but with smaller sizes and less strength for the blocks. Based on the analysis of the lithosphericstructures and the deformation patterns of the regions above, we come to the inference that thedeformation modes of the Chinese continental crust are mainly controlled by the crustal structure.The crust of the eastern China and the Tarim Basin is mechanically strong, and its deformationtakes the form of relative motion between rigid blocks. On the other hand, the northward indentation of the Indian plate into the Asia continent has created the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains, thickened their crust, and raised the temperature in the crust. The lower crust thus has become ductile, evidenced in low seismic velocity and high electric conductivity observed. The brittle part of the crust, driven by the visco-plastic flow of the lower crust, deforms extensively at all scales. The regions of the second category located at the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau are at the transition zone between the regions of the first and the third categories in terms of the crustal structure. Driven by the lateral boundary forces, their deformation style is also between the two, in the form of block motion and deformation with smaller blocks and less internal strength.     

利用GPS地形变资料在大地坐标系中计算应变

根据正交曲线坐标中应变张量的定义,得到了用大地坐标在椭球面上计算应变的方法。由此可直接利用ＧＰＳ或其他３维大地测量技术得到的位移或其他形变量计算地应变。这一方法克服了利用平面坐标作计算的限制,无投影误差影响。本文给出了用首都圈ＧＰＳ地形变监测网１９９５～１９９６年椭球面上的位移求得的应变量。     

"高精度全球定位系统GPS数据库和共享系统"项目成果介绍

本文详细介绍了“高精度全球定位系统GPS数据库和共享系统”项目的立项背景、目标、所开展的主要工作、取得的成果、研究成果的社会效益和对该领域研究未来工作的展望。     

GPS形变监测网起算点坐标对水平形变的影响

利用首都圈ＧＰＳ形变监测网的资料,用伯尔尼软件计算并分析了大规模ＧＰＳ地形变监测网中起算点坐标误差对水平形变计算结果的影响,给出了３种典型图形。利用速率动态平差结果,分析了不同固定点的情况下,ＧＰＳ形变监测网的点位位移中误差的分布特点。     

钻孔体应变仪高采样对比观测实验研究

为分析提高应变观测采样率及拓展观测频带对低频观测的影响,在张家口地震台、怀来地震台选择TJ-2型体应变仪进行台站对比观测实验,并在时域和频域分别对实验数据进行分析,总结体应变与测震观测频带的特性.     

汶川Mw7.9与日本Mw9.0地震同震电离层扰动研究

通过分析研究2008年的汶川Mw7.9地震、2011年的日本Mw9.0地震,发现伴随强震的发生,存在明显的同震电离层扰动现象。这种现象持续时间较短,一般在震前30～40min出现,并在震后大约10min达到极值,然后逐渐消失。持续时间及强度和震级存在着密切的关系,具体来说,震级越大其异常值也越大,持续时间也越长。另外一个值得注意的现象是,在震中附近出现较为明显的正异常的同时,距离震中较远的地区出现了负异常。     

全国重力联网和精度评定

本文以收集现有全国各省地震局流动重力测量资料和图件为主，结合大区域联测资料，用绝对重力点控制联网并进行统一平差。平差程序采用经典相关间接平差方法，以压缩存贮方式解算法方程。计算结果表明：全国重力网段差平均精度为０．０１０７×１０－５ｍｓ－２。辽宁地区点值精度最高为０．０１９×１０－５ｍｓ－２，一般为０．０２０×１０－５－０．０３０×１０－５ｍｓ－２。