山东半岛东部湿地生态系统服务评价及比较研究

以山东半岛东部的烟台市和威海市为例,利用层次分析和主成分分析方法对研究区各县市湿地服务进行评价,采用自然间断法的方式将各市县湿地生态系统服务等级进行划分。结果表明:两种方法的评价原理和结果虽有差异,但都将烟台市辖区、威海市辖区划分为高生态服务地区,将栖霞市和招远市划分为低生态服务区。上述两种方法虽然评价原理不一致,但通过互相验证,更能真实地反映研究区湿地生态系统服务状态。     

多源卫星高度计海浪资料在中国近海的验证及应用

Studies of offshore wave climate based on satellite altimeter significant wave height(SWH) have widespread application value. This study used a calibrated multi-altimeter SWH dataset to investigate the wave climate characteristics in the offshore areas of China. First, the SWH measurements from 28 buoys located in China's coastal seas were compared with an Ifremer calibrated altimeter SWH dataset. Although the altimeter dataset tended to slightly overestimate SWH, it was in good agreement with the in situ data in general. The correlation coefficient was 0.97 and the root-mean-square(RMS) of differences was 0.30 m. The validation results showed a slight difference in different areas. The correlation coefficient was the maximum(0.97) and the RMS difference was the minimum(0.28 m) in the area from the East China Sea to the north of the South China Sea.The correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95 was relatively low in the seas off the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary. The RMS difference was the maximum(0.32 m) in the seas off the Changjiang Estuary and was0.30 m in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Based on the above evidence, it is confirmed that the multialtimeter wave data are reliable in China's offshore areas. Then, the characteristics of the wave field, including the frequency of huge waves and the multi-year return SWH in China's offshore seas were analyzed using the23-year altimeter wave dataset. The 23-year mean SWH generally ranged from 0.6–2.2 m. The greatest SWH appeared in the southeast of the China East Sea, the Taiwan Strait and the northeast of the South China Sea.Obvious seasonal variation of SWH was found in most areas; SWH was greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. Extreme waves greater than 4 m in height mainly occurred in the following areas: the southeast of the East China Sea, the south of the Ryukyu Islands, the east of Taiwan-Luzon Island, and the Dongsha Islands extending to the Zhongsha Islands, and the frequency of extreme waves was 3%–6%. Extreme waves occurred most frequently in autumn and rarely in spring. The 100-year return wave height was greatest from the northwest Pacific seas extending to southeast of the Ryukyu Islands(9–12 m), and the northeast of the South China Sea and the East China Sea had the second largest wave heights(7–11 m). For inshore areas, the100-year return wave height was the greatest in the waters off the east coast of Guangdong Province and the south coast of Zhejiang Province(7–8 m), whereas it was at a minimum in the area from the Changjiang Estuary to the Bohai Sea(4–6 m). An investigation of sampling effects indicates that when using the 1°×1°grid dataset, although the combination of nine altimeters obviously enhanced the time and space coverage of sampling, the accuracy of statistical results, particularly extreme values obtained from the dataset, still suffered from undersampling problems because the time sampling percent in each 1°×1°grid cell was always less than33%.     

水平孔及斜孔钻进初步经验

一、概况在开展新技术运动中,提出了锚杆挡墙及利用水平钻孔排除地下水等新技术。过去,我们从未打过水平钻孔,试验前心中是无数的。曾有两种不同看法,有人认为过去都打垂直孔,现在要钻水平孔,既没经验,也没设备,产生了怀疑。但也有人认为,只要紧紧依靠党的领导,依靠群众的智慧,困难是     

在隐蔽地區应用光譜金屬測量普查稀有金屬偉晶岩矿床的經驗

在森林茂密地区,进行地质普查工作是非當困难的。在这类地区普查某些矿产时,最經济和最有效的方法是金屬測量方法。1956年,我們进行了用金屬測量方法普查稀有金屬偉晶岩矿床的試驗工作。工作是在森林茂密的地区,     

簡易刻槽取样方法在普查与勘探中的应用

当評价所发現的許多金屬矿化现象时,往往难于固定矿体,尤其是用肉眼察觉不到的或是在难以识别的矿化作用中。如在矽嘎岩中微細分散的白鎢矿浸染;在高嶺土化作用和輕微铁化带內的次生鉛鋅矿物;在石灰岩中微細分散的方鉛矿浸染;在网狀脈体中微晶鍚石以及在細脈浸染类型矿床中貧銅矿矿染等。为了对这些矿化現象进行評价,最常用的是刻槽取样。这种方法需要消耗大批的人力和物力,因此在坑道众多的地段里,特别是在探槽的地段里,并不經常使用刻槽取样。因为主要是在有明显的矿染标誌的地段才运用它。许多研究者(如波查里斯基、M.H.阿尔波     

吉林省铅锌矿成矿地质特征及其成矿规律

依本文所划分吉林省铅锌矿的成因类型,探讨其成矿地质持征及同位素地质特征,从而建立了吉林省铅锌矿的区域成矿模式。以矿床实例和大量测试资料为基础,又以物质来源、构造岩浆作用为依据,总结了吉林省铅锌矿的控矿因素、时空分布规律。     

静力触探判别饱和砂性土液化公式的探讨

目前国内有许多工程勘察单位利用静力触探建立了本地区的饱和砂性土的液化判别公式,本文通过利用静力触探在淮阴市区进行工程地质勘察的实际资料,经数理统计计算后,建立了本地区的静力触探判别饱和砂性土液化的公式。现状液化是一种宏观震害现象。目前国内外评价砂土液化可能性的方法基本上可分两大类:剪应力比较法。即将计算的场地地震剪     

2018年汛期两次暴雨过程成因对比分析

2018年入汛以来绥化出现多次暴雨过程,本文利用Micaps常规资料、自动站资料及物理量分析场对8月23-25日、9月2-4日两次暴雨过程进行对比分析,两次过程都有较好的水汽输送条件和动力抬升条件,但两次过程的环流背景和水汽输送带不同,8月23-25日过程是受台风"苏力"与高空低涡的共同影响,水汽主要来源于台风"苏力"外围云系携带的偏东风、偏北风气流,9月2-4日过程主要受高空低涡的影响,水汽输送有黄海、渤海湾的西南风和来自日本海的东南风两条水汽输送带。     

2018年汛期两次暴雨过程成因对比分析

2018年入汛以来绥化出现多次暴雨过程,本文利用Micaps常规资料、自动站资料及物理量分析场对8月23-25日、9月2-4日两次暴雨过程进行对比分析,两次过程都有较好的水汽输送条件和动力抬升条件,但两次过程的环流背景和水汽输送带不同,8月23-25日过程是受台风“苏力”与高空低涡的共同影响,水汽主要来源于台风“苏力”外围云系携带的偏东风、偏北风气流,9月2-4日过程主要受高空低涡的影响,水汽输送有黄海、渤海湾的西南风和来自日本海的东南风两条水汽输送带。     

新一代数字地球平台与“数字中国”技术体系架构探讨

本文系统分析和总结了Google Earth的四大特点,及为地球科学研究、"数字地球"和"数字中国"的发展所带来的影响和启迪,提出了数字地球平台(DEP)的概念,并针对"数字中国"的建设,提出了建立"数字中国"的数据交换标准(DCML),提出了全新的以地学信息浏览器/空间信息服务器(G/S)结构为主的下一代数字地球、数字中国的技术体系架构,进一步对"数字中国"技术体系架构应遵循的原则进行了论述,对"数字中国"建设和应用服务进行了展望。