地理信息科学专业Python程序课程设计与开课效果分析

在大数据、人工智能时代背景下,以社会需求为导向,兰州交通大学适时地面向地理信息科学专业,在大二年级开设了Python程序设计课程,提升了学生专业学习兴趣,对培养学生实践动手和解决实际问题的能力起到了非常重要的作用.Python程序设计课程的开设,使更多的学生喜欢上编程,加深了学生对地理信息原理、地理空间数据组织与管理、地理空间分析等方面的理解与应用,毕业生的能力水平更能满足社会用人需求,也帮助将来考研究生的同学奠定了科研编程的基础.     

中国城市绿色发展效率时空演变特征及影响因素

To resolve conflicts between development and the preservation of the natural environment,enable economic transformation,and achieve the global sustainable development goals(SDGs),green development(GD)is gradually becoming a major strategy in the construction of an ecological civilization and the ideal of building a"beautiful China",alongside the transformation and reconstruction of the global economy.Based on a combination of the concept and implications of GD,we first used the Slacks Based Model with undesirable outputs(SBM-Undesirable),the Theil index,and the spatial Markov chain to measure the spatial patterns,regional differences,and spatio-temporal evolution of urban green development efficiency(UGDE)in China from 2005 to 2015.Second,by coupling natural and human factors,the mechanism influencing UGDE was quantitatively investigated under the framework of the human-environment interaction.The results showed that:(1)from 2005 to 2015,the UGDE increased from 0.475 to 0.523,i.e.,an overall increase of 10%.In terms of temporal variation,there was a staged increase,with its evolution having the characteristics of a"W-shaped"pattern.(2)The regional differences in UGDE followed a pattern of eastern>central>western.For different types of urban agglomeration,the UGDE had inverted pyramid cluster growth characteristics that followed a pattern of"national level>regional level>local level",forming a stable hierarchical scale structure of"super cities>mega cities>big cities>medium cities>small cities".(3)UGDE in China has developed with significant spatial agglomeration characteristics.High-efficiency type cities have positive spillover effects,while low-efficiency cities have negative effects.Different types of urban evolution processes have a path dependence,and a spatial club convergence phenomenon exists,in which areas with high UGDE are concentrated and drive low UGDE elsewhere.(4)Under the framework of regional human-environment interaction,the degree of human and social influence on UGDE is greater than that of the natural background.The economic strength,industrial structure,openness,and climate conditions of China have positively promoted UGDE.     

分组密码算法测试平台设计

分组密码是现代密码学中的一个重要分支，其诞生和发展有着广泛的实用背景和重要的理论价值。如何测试分组密码算法的安全性，为了解决这一问题,讨论了5种基本的统计性能测试和S盒设计的准则，最后基于所讨论的方法给出了分组密码算法测试平台。     

福建九龙江口不同林龄拉关木人工林凋落物组成及季节动态

收集福建九龙江口人工红树林拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa)中的4、6、8年生3种不同林龄植被全年的凋落物,测定其数量、组成及季节动态.结果表明,4、6、8年生拉关木林年凋落量分别为10 930.1、12 085.3、13 723.4 kg/hm2.各林龄拉关木林的凋落物组成均以落叶为主,4、6、8年生拉关木林的凋落叶量分别占年总凋落量的86.16%、77.47%、81.30%,落枝、落花、落果在年凋落物中所占的比例较小.各林龄拉关木林年凋落物量均显示出明显的季节动态,其季节变化曲线均呈双峰型,4年生和6年生的拉关木林均在5月和9月出现峰值,而8年生的拉关木林则在4月和9月出现峰值;各年龄段的拉关木林的落叶和总凋落量变化模式相同,而落枝、落花、落果的变化模式不尽相同.研究结果可为河口湿地生态系统拉关木人工林的经营管理提供参考.     

ICESat GLAS完整波形信号处理技术在南极查尔斯王子山脉地区地表覆盖分类中的应用研究

波形激光雷达传感器所获取的遥感数据几乎可以提供后向散射信号的全部特征,除了距离观测值,需要通过进一步分析接收的脉冲获取更多关于地表实体的物理特性,因此,这些相关的物理特性成为研究地表覆盖的新领域。通过总结利用波形信号处理技术进行地表覆盖解译工作的研究进展,开展了南极查尔斯王子山脉地区地表覆盖分类工作。首先,描述了GLAS的数据结构;其次,总结了相关的信号处理技术;然后,从实际应用角度讨论了方法的可用性;最后,以南极查尔斯王子山脉地区为例,实践了基于ICESat GLAS完整波形信号处理技术的地表覆盖分类方法。     

大尺度流域水污染防治能力综合评估及动力因子分析——以淮河流域为例

水污染是影响公众健康和经济可持续发展的突出问题之一。随着城镇化、工业化和农业化快速发展,流域水环境污染防治压力日趋严峻。以淮河流域为研究对象,在遵循大尺度流域水污染内在机理的基础上,采用熵值法、GIS空间分析法和回归模型等技术方法,通过流域水污染控制处理、监测预警、监督管理、防治投入等四个方面的能力,对流域35个城市水污染防治能力进行了综合评估,并对流域水污染防治的动力因子进行探讨。结果表明:①流域水污染防治力空间差异显著,东部平原地区污染防治能力较高,西部山区以及各子流域大部分地区防控能力较低,淮河干流及干流以南的中游区域防治能力中等偏低。②污染防治驱动力多元回归分析表明,流域内源动力,即公众教育、区域经济发展水平等因子是流域水污染防治的根本驱动力;舆论监督、外商投资等外源动力是区域水污染治理关键动力。     

黔西南普安铅锌矿区盆地尺度构造

贵州省普安铅锌矿区位于华南褶皱带西北缘的黔西南坳陷,矿体主要赋存在石炭系的白云质灰岩和白云岩中,构造控矿特征显著.NW-SE走向的二维地震剖面横穿了铅锌矿区,清晰地揭示了矿区的地层和NE向构造格架.从浅层的泥盆系至深层的新元古界,共标定了3个反射层和3个反射单元,据两个重要角度不整合面,矿区呈现为双层基底、单层盖层的"...     

近三百年来长江口泥质区沉积环境变化及与低氧关系的初步分析

近年来全球大型河口区低氧事件频发,严重威胁环境和生态系统健康.因缺少长时间序列的观测资料,人们对历史时期河口陆架区域生态环境演化,尤其是低氧事件发生的历史认识不足.本文基于210Pb、137Cs和光释光测年技术,以长江水下三角洲现代低氧区沉积物柱状样为研究对象,通过分析沉积物的粒度参数、氧化还原敏感元素、TOC、TN和...     

丝绸之路沿线节点城市扩张空间演变分析研究--以西安、兰州和乌鲁木齐为例

基于"一带一路"倡议构想,以丝绸之路沿线重要节点城市西安、兰州、乌鲁木齐为研究对象,采用1990-2015年6期TM/ETM影像数据,运用RS/GIS空间分析方法,综合城市建设用地扩张强度、扩张类型、扩张弹性等指标,系统分析了近25年来三大城市扩张的时空演变特征。结果表明:1)三大城市均呈快速扩张趋势,空间上扩张强度表现为西安>乌鲁木齐>兰州。2)三大城市扩张类型均以边缘式扩张为主,其次为内填式,飞地式扩张面积最少。3)西安市土地扩张速度快于人口增长速度,兰州市土地扩张和人口增长速度呈均衡发展趋势,而乌鲁木齐城市扩张弹性介于二者之间。     

Spatial quality： analysis of China＇s eco-environmental 1990-2010

Over the past two decades in China, stress on the environment has increased continuously. This paper will assess the change in environmental quality over time, and its spatial variation using data from the statistical yearbooks of 31 provincial administrative regions in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. These books provide a general assessment of the environment at the provincial level, and the three major economic regions from western to eastern China. By using the geographic information system （GIS） and SPSS, we analyzed the changing trend of China＇s eco-environment and calculated the changing trajectory in the gravity center of the eco-environmental quality. We conclude the following. （1） From 1990 to 2010, the rate of deterioration of the environment went down. We argue that the cause of this trend was neither the result as ＂the deterioration trend was under control＂ noticed by the government departments concerned, nor ＂the deterioration rate of the environment was increasingly intensified＂ suggested by many researchers. （2） Since 1990, the general environment has been worsening in China, but it was improved in some regions; however, the ecological deficit is still expanding and will last for a long time. （3） From western to eastern China, the deterioration rate of environmental quality was slowed down. The reasons include a good natural environment, a developed regional economy, and technology and finance in eastern China. （4） After extensive economic development in China, there are imbalances of population, economy, society, and the environment in the 31 provincial regions. The governments at all levels should play an important role in research and protecting the environment. In addition, it is imperative to implement positive measures such as controlling population, improving the environment, and promoting smart development to balance the socio-ecological system.