GNSS星载原子钟性能评估

星载原子钟作为导航卫星上维持时间尺度的关键载荷,其性能会对用户进行导航、定位与授时的精度带来影响。介绍了原子钟评估常用的三个指标（频率准确度、飘移率和稳定度）的定义及计算方法,利用事后卫星精密钟差数据,开展了全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）星载原子钟性能评估,分析了GNSS星载原子钟特性。结果表明,GPS（global position system）BLOCKIIF星载铷钟与Galileo星载氢钟综合性能最优;北斗系统中地球轨道卫星与倾斜同步轨道卫星星载原子钟天稳定度达到2~4×10-14量级,与BLOCK IIR卫星精度相当;频率准确度达到1~4×10-11量级;频率漂移率达到10-14量级。     

北京城市产业碳排放的小尺度空间分布

基于城市乡镇街道空间单元及能源消费碳排放的定量方法基础上,计算了北京市2004和2008 年第二、三产业的二氧化碳排放量及其空间分布。结果表明：北京市第二产业的碳排放总量变化不大,空间上呈现东南高、西北低的格局;第三产业的碳排放总量则有明显的增长,空间上呈现内城区碳排放值较高、且向外围圈层扩散的趋势;第三产业中分配性服务业和生产性服务业的碳排放量较高,2008 年分配性服务业碳排放的高值区主要分布于南部的城市近郊区,生产性服务业碳排放的高值区分布于高端服务业较为集聚的区域。     

国际地球参考框架建立与维持的研究进展

针对现代大地测量学对毫米级国际地球参考框架的需求,该文简单回顾了国际地球参考框架的发展概况,系统地介绍了国际地球参考框架建立方法及基准约束的演变情况;在此基础上,详细阐述了两种国际地球参考框架维持方法,即线性模型和非线性模型维持方法的框架点坐标位移模型改进情况、地球质心运动模型改进情况,及监测网和并置站的布设情况;最后,给出了国际地球参考框架的改进计划,指出了动态实时维持是下一步的研究重点,对参考框架维持方法的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

冀北大滩盆地铀(钼)成矿流纹岩-花岗斑岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素特征

大滩火山岩盆地位于华北克拉通北缘,燕辽多金属(Mo-U-Ag-Pb-Zn)成矿带西段,沽源-红山子铀成矿亚带西南段。高精度SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年表明,盆地内张家口组流纹岩和侵入其中的花岗斑岩分别形成于140.2±1.9Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.7)和131.7±1.1Ma(2σ,MSWD=0.8)。全岩主、微量元素特征显示,流纹岩和花岗斑岩均富集Si、Fe、Ga、Rb、Pb、Th、U、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta和LREE,亏损Al、Mg、Ti、Ba、Sr、Eu、Cr、Ni和HREE,为典型的A型花岗岩特征。全岩Nd同位素研究表明,二者具有相似的ε_(Nd)(t)(分别为-15.9和-16.5)和t_(DM2)值(分别为2267Ma和2220Ma),暗示二者具有相同的岩浆来源。元素相关性分析表明,母岩浆从流纹岩演化至花岗斑岩经历了一定程度的钾长石和黑云母的结晶分异,导致了后者Si、U、HREE的进一步富集,以及Fe、Mg、Ti、Al、Sr、Ba、Eu、Zr、LREE等元素的相对亏损。结合前人工作,我们认为流纹岩和花岗斑岩形成于华北克拉通岩石圈减薄及破坏的板内伸展背景,来源于古元古代(ca.2.2~2.3Ga)火成地壳物质(英云闪长质、花岗闪长质岩石)的部分熔融。结合全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄及前人获得的矿石U-Pb年龄推断,该区主要铀(钼)矿化时代介于105~110Ma,明显晚于流纹岩和花岗斑岩的成岩时代。通过与区域上的产铀盆地(沽源)对比,以及对流纹岩和花岗斑岩的U含量等特征分析认为,两者(尤其是花岗斑岩)是很好的铀矿成矿物质来源,暗示了大滩盆地具有良好的成矿前景。     

Study on frost heaving characteristics of sandstone under different freezing conditions北大核心CSCD

At present,artificial freezing method has become one of the effective methods for coal mine shaft to pass through water-rich soft rock strata,which can stop the movement of groundwater and limit the deformation of surrounding rock. In order to study the frost heaving characteristics of sandstone under different freezing conditions,frost heaving tests of saturated and dry Cretaceous red sandstone samples under different freezing rates （10 ℃·h-1,5 ℃·h-1,2 ℃·h-1,1 ℃·h-1）and different confining pressures（5 MPa,10 MPa,15 MPa,20 MPa,25 MPa）were carried out by using GCTS（Geotechnical Consulting & Testing Systems）servo-controlled low temperature and high pressure triaxial rock testing system. In this paper,based on the existing theory of physical and mechanical properties of frozen soil,we studied the frost heaving law of sandstone under different freezing conditions and explored the frost heaving mechanism. The result shows that in the process of cooling,the dry rock sample always produce cold shrinkage deformation,while the saturated rock sample first produce cold shrinkage deformation,then produce frost deformation,and finally the deformation tends to be stable. The deformation of saturated rock samples is much larger than that of dry rock samples. The larger the stress level of rock samples at the same temperature is,the smaller the frost deformation is,which shows a linear negative correlation,mainly because the high confining pressure limits the volume expansion of the water phase in the pore inside the rock samples when it becomes ice. The frost deformation of rock samples is mainly affected by confining pressure and water content,while the frost heaving rate is mainly affected by cooling rate. Under this test condition,the higher the cooling rate of sandstone is,the higher the frost heaving rate is,and the relationship between them is approximately linear. For saturated rock samples,the confining pressure reduces the rock frost heaving by limiting the expansion during the phase transformation of ice water,and the temperature affects the rock frost heaving by affecting the freezing rate of pore water and the thermal expansion and cold contraction of rock skeleton. For dry rock samples,the deformation is mainly due to the volume contraction of rock mineral particles caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction effect,and the greater the temperature change,the greater the deformation. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis method,a calculation formula of rock frost heaving considering the influence of confining pressure was established. By calculating the frost heave of sandstone samples under different confining pressures,it is found that the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental results. Moreover,according to the calculation formula of frost heaving,the influence factors of rock frost heaving during freezing can be divided into two categories：internal cause and external cause. The internal cause includes porosity,saturation,volume modulus of ice and rock skeleton,and the external cause includes temperature and confining pressure. For saturated rock,the frost heaving is mainly affected by factors such as confining pressure,temperature and porosity. When the saturation,porosity and freezing rate are low,the rock may only produce shrinkage deformation,because these indicators determine whether the rock produces frost heave or freeze shrinkage. The mechanism of rock frost heaving is very complicated due to the interaction and restriction between the internal and external factors and the dynamic changes of rock micro-structure and mechanical properties during the process of frost heaving. The research results can provide theoretical reference for freezing construction scheme design of deep coal seam mine construction,and also provide a theoretical basis for the study of physical and mechanical properties and engineering application of soft rock in frozen soil area. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

铀矿区花岗岩锆石定年的“高铀效应”:来自鲁溪和下庄花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄的启示

下庄铀矿田是我国最重要的花岗岩型铀矿田之一,其中的复式花岗岩体已获得了一批锆石U-Pb年龄,基本上构筑了下庄铀矿田加里东、印支和燕山多期多阶段的岩浆演化系列。分析前人数据发现,不同学者获得的同一岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄差别较大,最大相差达17 Ma,主要原因之一可能是高U锆石的存在导致了加权平均年龄可靠程度的降低。针对这一问题,笔者以下庄铀矿田鲁溪粗粒黑云母花岗岩和下庄中粒黑云母花岗岩为研究对象,采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb法测试U-Th-Pb含量,重点分析了锆石U含量对²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄的影响,并厘定了这两个岩体的侵位年龄。测试结果显示,鲁溪粗粒黑云母花岗岩38颗锆石的U含量变化于152×10^–6～5687×10^–6之间, ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄变化于234～1345 Ma之间,可分为五组,其中年龄最小一组由27颗锆石组成,变化于234～265 Ma之间,加权平均年龄为247.3±3.2 Ma, MSWD=3.9;下庄中粒黑云母花岗岩18颗锆石的U...     

联合时序InSAR和滑坡灾害易发性的元阳县滑坡灾害隐患识别

目前合成孔径雷达干涉(interfermoetic SAR,InSAR)理论与技术一直处于快速发展态势,在地质灾害隐患识别方面已有阶段性的进展,但是为了提高识别的效率与准确度还需进一步的研究。因此提出一种联合时序InSAR(Interfermoetic SAR)技术和滑坡灾害易发性的方法对云阳县进行滑坡灾害早期识别。该方法通过小基线集干涉测量(Small Baseline Subset InSAR, SBAS-InSAR)技术获得该地区地表形变信息,再结合通过信息量模型以地貌类型、土地利用类型、断层距离、高程、工程地质岩组、坡度、坡向、曲率与河流距离9个评价因子作为信息量值获得的滑坡灾害易发性区划与谷歌影像分层次进行潜在滑坡灾害的识别。然后对识别结果进行验证,研究表明了该种方法在此地区应用的可行性,且研究成果为地质灾害进一步的调查提供了参考与技术支持。     

基于信息量、加权信息量与逻辑回归耦合模型的云南罗平县崩滑灾害易发性评价对比分析CSCD

以罗平县崩滑地质灾害为研究对象,选取工程岩组、坡度、坡向、高程、起伏度、曲率、地貌类型、距河流距离、距断裂距离9个评价因子,基于共线性诊断和相关性分析对其进行独立性检验。然后采用信息量法计算各评价因子分类分级的信息量值,采用层次分析法和逻辑回归法对各评价因子进行权重的定量计算,从而构建信息量、加权信息量和信息量-逻辑回归耦合易发性评价模型并进行对比分析。基于GIS的自然断点法将评价结果划分为非、低、中和高4个等级,并采用ROC曲线对其精度进行检验。结果表明:3种评价模型的AUC值分别为0.757、0.723和0.852,信息量-逻辑回归耦合模型的精度最高,模型结果分区与崩滑地质灾害点的分布较吻合,其非、低、中和高的面积(分级比)分别为771.1 km^(2)(25.55%)、836.6 km^(2)(27.73%)、864.36 km^(2)(28.64%)和545.94 km^(2)(18.08%)。     

基于信息量、加权信息量与逻辑回归耦合模型的云南罗平县崩滑灾害易发性评价对比分析CSCD

以罗平县崩滑地质灾害为研究对象,选取工程岩组、坡度、坡向、高程、起伏度、曲率、地貌类型、距河流距离、距断裂距离9个评价因子,基于共线性诊断和相关性分析对其进行独立性检验。然后采用信息量法计算各评价因子分类分级的信息量值,采用层次分析法和逻辑回归法对各评价因子进行权重的定量计算,从而构建信息量、加权信息量和信息量-逻辑回归耦合易发性评价模型并进行对比分析。基于GIS的自然断点法将评价结果划分为非、低、中和高4个等级,并采用ROC曲线对其精度进行检验。结果表明:3种评价模型的AUC值分别为0.757、0.723和0.852,信息量-逻辑回归耦合模型的精度最高,模型结果分区与崩滑地质灾害点的分布较吻合,其非、低、中和高的面积(分级比)分别为771.1 km^(2)(25.55%)、836.6 km^(2)(27.73%)、864.36 km^(2)(28.64%)和545.94 km^(2)(18.08%)。     

一种基于MapGIS区明码文件的快速分类赋色方法

通过分析MapGIS区明码文件结构,提出一种利用Excel的VLOOKUP函数,批量修改明码文件区颜色参数,并结合VBA编程语言快速实现区块分类赋色的方法。文中方法能够较好地解决MapGIS拓扑重建随机赋色的问题,在一定程度上既简化了图件分类符号化的步骤,又保证了图形数据的正确性。