海底多金属硫化物开发动态与前景分析

介绍了澳大利亚鹦鹉螺矿业公司和海王星矿业公司在西南太平洋区域对海底块状多金属硫化物 ( SMS ) 的商业勘探活动和开采计划等活动的最新进展,并从海底多金属硫化物的金属品质、开发的技术可行性与经济性、深海采矿的环境保护与法律政策等方面对海底多金属硫化物开发的前景作了分析.     

Dynamic Analysis of the Seafloor Pilot Miner Based on Single-Body Vehicle Model and Discretized Track-Terrain Interaction Model

In order to achieve the complex dynamic analysis of the self-propelled seafloor pilot miner moving on the seafloor of extremely cohesive soft soil and further to make it possible to integrate the miner system with some subsystems to form the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system and perform dynamic analysis,a new method for the dynamic modeling and analysis of the miner is proposed and developed in this paper,resulting in a simplified 3D single-body vehicle model with three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom,while the track-terrain interaction model is built by partitioning the track-terrain interface into discrete elements with parameterized force elements built on the theory of terramechanics acting on each discrete element.To evaluate and verify the correctness and effectiveness of this new modeling and analysis method,typical comparative studies with regard to computational efficiency and solution accuracy are carried out between the traditional modeling method of building the tracked vehicle as a multi-body model and the new modeling method.In full consideration of the particular structure design of the pilot miner,the special characteristics of the seafloor soil and the hydrodynamic force of near-seafloor current,the dynamic simulation analysis of the miner is performed and discussed,which can provide useful guidance and reference for the practical miner system in design and operation.This new method can not only realize the rapid dynamic simulation analysis of the miner but also make possible the integration and rapid dynamic analysis of the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system in further researches.     

海南省暴雨洪涝灾害风险评价及区划研究

选取暴雨洪涝灾害较为严重的海南省为研究区,在对孕灾环境敏感性、致灾因子危险性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力等因子进行定量分析评价的基础上,根据风险度指数的大小,反映暴雨洪涝灾害风险分布的地区差异性,对研究区暴雨洪涝灾害风险进行区划,结果分为5个等级。将灾情数据的空间分布与相应的灾害风险区划结果进行对比分析及结果验证,并提出相应的灾害防御措施。     

Nautilus矿业公司在海底块状硫化物勘探中采用的取样技术与装备

海底块状硫化物(SMS)富含铜、锌、铅等金属,特别是富含贵金属金、银,引起了国际采矿业的浓厚兴趣。近年来,以澳大利亚Nautilus矿业公司为先驱的国际大型资源开发商和投资商已介入海底多金属硫化物的商业化开采。介绍了Nautilus公司在巴布亚新几内亚专属经济区针对海底块状硫化物矿床开展的一系列以商业开采为目的的勘探取样活动,详细介绍了勘探中所采用的基本方法与技术,并重点对其地质调查中所应用的拖网挖掘取样、ROV海底表面取样、大洋钻探船岩心取样和专门开发的ROV岩心钻探取样的装备、取样结果及作业效率进行了较为系统全面地介绍。     

区域开发环境评价中人工智能扩展GIS在累积过程分析中的应用

采用人工智能方法，扩展GIS(地理信息系统)的功能，建立能对累积影响途径全部推理过程做出必要解释的累积效应专家系统。充分发挥其推理及解释的功能，克服GIS在累积效应过程分析和推理中的不足，解决了在区域开发环境影响评价中。用GIS对区域影响环境评价的累积效应影响的时空分析，虽有一定的优势，但不能对累积效应的过程进行分析，即不能确定和分析累积效应的因果关系，不能区分累积方式的难题。研究结果表明，该系统能为区域开发环境影响评价提供决策支撑。     

自主式深海浮游微生物浓缩保真取样器控制系统设计研究

设计了一个基于单片机的自主式深海浮游微生物取样器控制系统。该控制系统采用蓄电池作为电源,通过检测深海取样处压力作为取样控制的触发条件。通过简化控制系统硬件设计降低了控制系统的发热量、减少了密封舱的体积和重量;采用程序上电复位后读取系统关键状态的方法提高了控制系统的抗干扰性和可靠性。模拟实验和2 000 m海试结果表明,控制系统结构简单,工作可靠。     

基于GIS组件技术的生态质量气象评价系统

阐述了GIS组件技术的特点,介绍了如何利用GIS组件技术研制实现生态质量气象评价系统,并将系统应用于海南岛生态质量气象评价。结果表明:该系统具有较好的实用性。     

Dynamic Analysis of the Seafloor Pilot Miner Based on Single-Body Vehicle Model and Discretized Track-Terrain Interaction Model

In order to achieve the complex dynamic analysis of the self-propelled seafloor pilot miner moving on the seafloor of extremely cohesive soft soil and further to make it possible to integrate the miner system with some subsystems to form the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system and perform dynamic analysis, a new method for the dynamic modeling and analysis of the miner is proposed and developed in this paper, resulting in a simplified 3D single-body vehicle model with three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom, while the track-terrain interaction model is built by partitioning the track-terrain interface into discrete elements with parameterized force elements built on the theory of terramechanics acting on each discrete element. To evaluate and verify the correctness and effectiveness of this new modeling and analysis method, typical comparative studies with regard to computational efficiency and solution accuracy are carried out between the traditional modeling method of building the tracked vehicle as a multi-body model and the new modeling method. In full consideration of the particular structure design of the pilot miner, the special characteristics of the seafloor soil and the hydrodynamic force of near-seafloor current, the dynamic simulation analysis of the miner is performed and discussed, which can provide useful guidance and reference for the practical miner system in design and operation. This new method can not only realize the rapid dynamic simulation analysis of the miner but also make possible the integration and rapid dynamic analysis of the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system in further researches.     

基于卫星遥感数据的南海海域真光层POC输出效率分布特征

海水中颗粒有机碳(POC)是海洋碳循环的基本变量,真光层POC输出效率在海洋固碳中起关键作用.根据2003-2018年南海区域遥感数据反演的真光层POC输出效率数据集,分析了南海海域真光层POC输出效率时空变化规律.结果表明,研究区内POC输出效率多年平均值为0.08,其在空间上分布呈现近岸高、海盆低的特征,年平均PO...