生物标志化合物甾烷、藿烷的定量分析新方法

通过全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱和全二维气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器检测,选择合适的分析条件,建立了石油地质样品饱和烃中生物标志化合物甾烷、藿烷类化合物的定量分析新方法.新方法利用全二维气相色谱对甾烷、藿烷的有效分离,实现了甾烷、藿烷的色谱方法定量分析.12个标准物质在GC×GC-FID上定量分析结果与原始数据的相对偏差小于5%,7次重复对甾烷、藿烷类生物标志化合物定量分析结果的相对标准偏差小于5%.该方法与传统的色谱-质谱定量分析方法相比具有标样易于选用、分离度高、无共馏化合物和无相同特征离子峰干扰等优点.     

中古8井区断裂与鹰山组岩溶储层成因关系

塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层中蕴藏丰富的油气资源,多期次不同类型岩溶作用叠加改造是形成塔中古岩溶储层的主要动因,断裂是影响岩溶储层发育的重要因素。中古8井区加里东期发育北西-南东逆冲断裂带,海西期发育北东-南西向走滑断裂带,组成网状断裂系统。岩溶储层发育于鹰山组顶面0～120 m深度范围内,类型细分为:孔洞型、洞穴型、裂缝型和裂缝—孔洞型4种,以裂缝-孔洞型和孔洞型为主。加里东至海西期多期、多组断裂及伴生的裂缝网状系统形成良好的流体运移通道,促进缝洞系统的形成与埋藏溶蚀作用及内幕白云岩化的发生,改善了储层的储集性能,形成碳酸盐岩孔－洞－缝复合型储集体。      

CO2地质封存室内实验中盐水种类对残余水形成的影响

在咸水含水层中进行CO2地质封存是通过向含水层中注入CO2驱走咸水实现的。在大部分地下水被驱走之后,仍会有部分地下水残留在原来的岩石孔隙中形成残余水。残余水的形成过程及残余水饱和度的大小对CO2地质封存潜力及地质封存安全性等都具有重要影响。本研究通过超临界CO2排驱饱水岩心实验,研究了盐水种类对残余水的形成过程及残余水饱和度大小的控制作用。实验结果表明,在盐水浓度相同（35 g/L）的情况下,超临界CO2排驱盐水的最终稳定不可再降的残余水饱和度是去离子水＜NaCl盐水＜CaCl2盐水。从实验结果看,超临界CO2排驱咸水的过程可划分为3个阶段,本文分别称他们为活塞式排驱阶段、携带式排驱阶段和溶解式排驱阶段。论文提出了一个毛细管模型,利用这一模型对这3个阶段中CO2排驱水的机理进行了分析。     

扎龙湿地景观动态变化特征

扎龙湿地近35年来湿地景观发生了巨大的变化,本文定义了一套基于TM影像的适用于描述湿地景观变化的湿地分类系统,利用景观转换系数分析以5年为周期的时间尺度上湿地的转换幅度的变化,统计和分析了湿地从1979-2013期间景观转换系数的动态变化特征,总结了扎龙湿地景观动态变化主要为四类景观动态类型：A-小幅度规则型稳定景观,B-中幅度不规则型变化景观,C-幅度渐弱规则型稳定景观,D-大幅度不规则型变化景观。研究表明：扎龙湿地1979-2013年期间,湿地景观在前10年向湿生景观转换,但是转换的幅度越来越小;后20年,湿地转向干旱趋势。在不同的景观动态类型中A类小幅度规则型稳定景观所占面积最大,为973.60 km²,接近湿地面积的二分之一,主要集中在核心区和外围稳定的农田部分;D类大幅度不规则型变化景观面积最少,为311.92 km²,主要分布于人类干扰强烈的区域。     

灾害预警平台多源信息多层次精细化编码系统研究

由于我国各类灾害频繁发生, 防灾减灾迫切需要建立一个覆盖全国、 畅通有效的灾害预警信息综合发布平台。通过分析对比国内外有关灾害预警信息编码, 设计适合我国国情, 并与国际通用警报协议接轨的灾害预警平台多源信息多层次精细化编码系统, 有效地解决预警信息的地理编码、 信息编码和共享规范问题, 为我国建立覆盖全国、 畅通有效的灾害预警信息综合发布平台提供技术支撑。     

Investigation of Arctic air temperature extremes at north of 60°N in winter

Air temperature is a key index reflecting climate change. Air temperature extremes are very important because they strongly influence the natural environment and societal activities. The Arctic air temperature extremes north of 60°N are investigated in the winter. Daily data from 238 stations at north of 60°N from the global summary of the day for the period 1979–2015 are used to study the trends of cold days, cold nights, warm days and warm nights during the wintertime. The results show a decreasing trend of cold days and nights(rate of –0.2 to –0.3 d/a) and an increasing trend of warm days and nights(rate of +0.2 to +0.3 d/a) in the Arctic. The mean temperature increases,which contributes to the increasing(decreasing) occurrence of warm(cold) days and nights. On the other hand,the variance at most stations decreased, leading to a reduced number of cold events. A positive AO(Arctic Oscillation) index leads to an increased(decreased) number of warm(cold) days and nights over northern Europe and western Russia and an increased(decreased) number of cold(warm) days and nights over the Bering Strait and Greenland. The lower extent of Arctic autumn sea ice leads to a decreased number of cold days and nights.The occurrences of abrupt changes are detected using the Mann-Kendall method for cold nights occurring in Canada in 1998 and for warm nights occurring in northwestern Eurasia in 1988. This abrupt change mainly resulted from the mean warming induced by south winds and an increased North Atlantic sea surface temperature.     

欧亚大陆冬季温度对北极海冰减少的敏感性及非线性响应研究

The recent decline in the Arctic sea ice has coincided with more cold winters in Eurasia.It has been hypothesized that the Arctic sea ice loss is causing more mid-latitude cold extremes and cold winters,yet there is lack of consensus in modeling studies on the impact of Arctic sea ice loss.Here we conducted modeling experiments with Community Atmosphere Model Version 5(CAM5) to investigate the sensitivity and linearity of Eurasian winter temperature response to the Atlantic sector and Pacific sector of the Arctic sea ice loss.Our experiments indicate that the Arctic sea ice reduction can significantly affect the atmospheric circulation by strengthening the Siberian High,exciting the stationary Rossby wave train,and weakening the polar jet stream,which in turn induce the cooling in Eurasia.The temperature decreases by more than 1°C in response to the ice loss in the Atlantic sector and the cooling is less and more shifts southward in response to the ice loss in the Pacific sector.More interestingly,sea ice loss in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors together barely induces cold temperatures in Eurasia,suggesting the nonlinearity of the atmospheric response to the Arctic sea ice loss.     

新型防污剂辣素衍生物的合成、抑菌性及防污性能研究

合成了3种新型含辣素衍生结构的丙烯酰胺衍生物HMOBA、BMA和HMMBA,通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁波谱(1 HNMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌性实验证明了合成的化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑制作用,抑菌效果为BMA>HMOBA>HMMBA,其中BMA的对两种菌的最小抑菌浓度均可达0.062 5mg/mL。以合成的化合物为防污剂制备了海洋防污涂料,186d的实海挂板几乎没有附着任何海洋污损生物。