PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in the activation of RAW 264.7 cells induced by hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan

We previously demonstrated that 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan(HACC)promoted the production of nitric oxide(NO)and proinflammatory cytokines by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)and Janus kinase(JAK)/STAT pathways in RAW 264.7 cells,indicating good immunomodulatory activity of HACC.In this study,to further investigate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of HACC,we determined the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt,activating protein(AP-1)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)in HACC-induced activation of RAW 264.7 cells by the western blotting.The results suggest that HACC promoted the phosphorylation of p85 and Akt.Furthermore,c-Jun and p65 were also increased after the treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with HACC,indicating the translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 from cytoplasm to nucleus.In addition,as scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis shows,the cell morphology changed after HACC treatment.These findings indicate that HACC activated MAPK,JAK/STAT,and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways dependent on AP-1 and NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells,ultimately leading to the increase of NO and cytokines.     

Fracture detecting based on Ant Colony Algorithm

Image processing plays an important role in engineering treatment. The authors mainly introduced the feature recognition of borehole image process based on Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA). The most important geological structure-fracture on the borehole image was identified, and quantitative parameters were obtained by HOUGH transform. Several case studies show that the method is feasible.     

Sedimentary Precambrian deposits in southwestern Transbaikalia (Siberia): phytoliths content, lateral correlations and geodynamics

The Baikal Group is one of the most important stratigraphic units in the geology of East Siberia (Upper Riphean). This paper focuses on litological-facies features based on the analysis of organic remains (stromatolites, microphitolites and microfossils), in order to better precise the age and environmental deposit conditions of the Baikal Group. The results are used to draw a correlation between all the Precambrian of deposits of the South of East Siberia. The stratigraphy of the Baikal Group is then compared to the geodynamic evolution of this region, characterized by the break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia and subsequent opening of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Stratigraphic analogs to the Baikal Group display in most areas deposits of various minerals (complex ores, phosphoresces, bauxites etc. have been dated of the same age), so the present study would also provides an economic interest.     

Metallogenic Chronology of Boron Deposits in the Eastern Liaoning Paleoproterozoic Rift Zone

1 Introduction Metallogenic chronology is one of the keys in the research of mineral deposits. Determination of metallogenetic epoch is very important for understanding the relationships between mineralization and regional tectonomagmatic events, in studying the origin of mineral deposits, and for summarizing regional mineralization and instructing regional prospecting. The eastern Liaoning region hosts the main concentration of boron resources in China. The boron reserve in eastern Liaoning…     

Experimental Study on the Electrical Conductivity of Orthopyroxene atHigh Temperature and High Pressure under Different Oxygen Fugacities

1 Introduction recognized and accepted by more and more experts engaged in experimental research at high temperature and In-situ laboratory measurement of the electricity of high pressure. This method has been regardedgeological materials at high temperature and high pressure internationally as the most advanced one for the in-situis an important approach to revealing the composition, laboratory measurement of the electric properties ofstructure and properties of materials in the deep interior…     

GPS real-time supervisory system and application in the construction of face rockfill dam

IntroductionAt present ,in the quality management of fill-ing construction of the face rockfill damthe qual-ity control method of“dual controls”is mainly a-dopted,of which one is manually controling theparameters of roller compaction including thick-ness and roughness of filling layer and rolledti mes and rolled speed of compaction machines ,the other is inspecting the test hole samplingmanuallyinthe area .The method play a positiverole in promoting domestic development of con-crete faced ro…     

Land cover changes in the rural-urban interaction of Xi’an region using Landsat TM/ETM data

1 Introduction Urbanization process in Xi’an has been accelerated after the Chinese governmentimplemented the strategy ofW estern Region Developmentof China aboutfouryears ago,which has caused the loss offarm land in urban peripheralareas.W hatis more,ur…