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地理信息系统(GIS)是信息技术产业的重要组成部分,地理信息技术也被认为是与纳米科技和生物科技并列的3个“最重要的新兴发展领域”(美国劳工部)。地理信息科学的产生以及对于复杂的商业地理分析的大量需求对GIS的发展提出了新的挑战,要求GIS为全社会提供开放式的、全方位的地理信息服务,并在海量地理信息的基础上, 相似文献
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DEM流域网络提取算法的误差特性分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
流域网络及其描述参数是一类重要的环境参数,其质量直接影响着各类地学模型和地学过程模拟的精度。在数据独立的DEM误差分析方法支持下,以比汇水面积(Specific catchment area,SCA)为计算对象,详细分析5种流域网络提取算法的误差空间分布特征。研究表明,不论何种算法,SCA误差主要集中于合水区域;不同算法的SCA频率分布随着SCA值的增加而趋于一致;SCA精度的提高有赖于DEM路径算法的改进,不同路经算法的组合可有效改善流域网络提取和分析的质量。 相似文献
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空间数据的增值--以数字地形分析为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地理数据库的日益普及和空间数据的广泛传播使得过去由于数据的限制难以推广普及的地理信息技术有了一个崭新的发展空间。然而,目前大多数的实际应用仍停留在“数据”的层面,基本忽略了对数据本身内容的挖掘或“信息”提取,因而难以实现较高的数据应用效益和空间数据增值。本文以数字地形模型和数字地形分析为例,讨论空间数据的增值应用,通过利用地形分析技术从单纯的数字高程数据提取实际应用中急需的地形参数和地形特征信息,籍此说明空间数据增值应用的概念和内容。 相似文献
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The vulnerable ecosystem of the arid and semiarid region in Central Asia is sensitive to precipitation variations. Long-term changes of the seasonal precipitation can reveal the evolution rules of the precipitation climate. Therefore, in this study, the changes of the seasonal precipitation over Central Asia have been analyzed during the last century(1901–2013) based on the latest global monthly precipitation dataset Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC) Full Data Reanalysis Version 7, as well as their relations with El Ni?oSouthern Oscillation(ENSO). Results show that the precipitation in Central Asia is mainly concentrated in spring and summer seasons, especially in spring. For the whole study period, increasing trends were found in spring and winter, while decreasing trends were detected in summer and fall. Inter-annual signals with 3–7 years multi-periods were derived to explain the dominant components for seasonal precipitation variability. In terms of the dominant spatial pattern, Empirical orthogonal function(EOF) results show that the spatial distribution of EOF-1 mode in summer is different from those of the other seasons during 1901–2013. Moreover, significant ENSO-associated changes in precipitation are evident during the fall, winter, spring, and absent during summer. The lagged associations between ENSO and seasonal precipitation are also obtained in Central Asia. The ENSO-based composite analyses show that these water vapor fluxes of spring, fall and winter precipitation are mainly generated in Indian and North Atlantic Oceans during El Ni?o. The enhanced westerlies strengthen the western water vapor path for Central Asia, thereby causing a rainy winter. 相似文献
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多时相遥感影像变化检测综述 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
近几十年来,多时相影像处理和变化检测是遥感领域一个较为活跃的研究方向.虽然在环境变化监测和检测方面成功的应用有很多,但是从多时相影像及时提取地球环境和人类活动的动态信息仍面临很多挑战.近年来,随着新型遥感平台和传感器的发展,在克服技术障碍方面取得了很大进步.历史影像档案提供范围的扩大也使得长期变化检测和建模成为可能.这... 相似文献