Spatiotemporal variability in channel deformations on rivers of Russia

We assess the spatiotemporal changes in channel processes on rivers of Russia, determine the causes for vertical (incision or directional sediment accumulation) and horizontal (displacement of channel forms) deformations and show the distribution of stream channel of different morphodynamical types and with a different reconfiguration rate. The conditions are revealed, under which the channel types change over time. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of spatiotemporal changes in channels caused by anthropogenic disturbances and by direct technogenic interferences in the life of rivers (hydroelectric schemes, quarries in the river channels, and waterway dredging).     

Influence of large-scale variations in the magnetic field direction on the acceleration of interstellar pickup protons at the heliospheric termination shock

The spectra of energetic protons measured on the Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 spacecraft in the inner heliospheric shock layer can be explained in terms of the classical theory of the shock drift acceleration of interstellar pickup protons with allowancemade for theirmultiple reflection from the front. The spacecraft entered this region after the heliospheric termination shock crossing in 2004 and 2007, respectively. The large-scale variations of the magnetic field direction near the shock front associated with the passage of sector structures through it are the decisive factor in explaining the measurements.     

The Distribution of Water and Suspended Sediment Flow during Spring Flood in the Forked Channel of the Lower Ob (Within Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area)

Water Resources - The forked channel is a rare and poorly known type of branching channel, the distribution of flow in which is of key importance for water transport, economic activities, and water...     

Multi-Model Approach to Quantify Future Sediment and Pollutant Loads and Ecosystem Change in Selenga River System

Water Resources - The Selenga River, which originates in Mongolia, contributes about 50% of the total inflow into Lake Baikal. Hydroclimatic development and abrupt landscape evolution due to...     

Ecological runoff assessment in rivers of mine areas: Case study of Koryak Plateau rivers

Methods of water runoff calculation with insufficient hydrometeorological information are discussed. The chosen approaches are used to calculate mean annual runoff of Koryak Upland rivers, flow distribution over seasons and months, and to assess the characteristics of minimum and maximum runoff. The results of calculations served as a basis for assessing the volumes of ecologically sound runoff in rivers under the condition of placer deposit development.     

General approaches to the assessment of the state and the prediction of changes in the reliability of power line river crossings

The procedure for assessment developed in the paper for the conditions of northwestern, central, and southern European Russia is an efficient means for comparative analysis of power lines in terms of individual and integral impact of hazardous hydrological and slope processes on their vulnerability, for determining of the periodicity of monitoring observations and the composition of such studies.     

Seasonal deformation regime of rifts in lowland rivers

Various schemes of within-year transformations of rifts from spring flood to low-water period and autumn freshets have been considered. Such transformations have been shown to manifest themselves in the displacement of rift trough from the upper to the lower point bars, accumulation of sediments in one phase of water regime and erosion of ridges in the other phase, as well as in the advancement of ridge-type micro- and meso-forms of channel relief onto rift saddle. Differences have been revealed between the regimes of rifts composed of sand and pebble-boulder sediments; specific features were identified in the regime of rifts in rivers in permafrost zones and rifts with rock protrusions on the bed.     

Sediment runoff,transporting capacity of flows and their role in river channel formation

An analysis is made of the sediment runoff as a determining factor of channel processes and as a set of phenomena arising due to the flow-channel interaction. The amount of sediments transported by the flow is determined by its transporting capacity that is changing constantly according to hydraulic characteristics of the flow undergoing changes across space and time. The relationships between them are responsible for the directedness of vertical channel deformations, i.e. incisions and accumulations of sediments leading to an increase or decrease in bottom elevations. In this case, the leading role in channel development is played by the runoff of entrained sediments. Its proportion governs changes in morphometric characteristics of the channel and its stability and influences the development of river branches and braids of the channel.     

Characteristics of channel processes in brooks and the smallest plain rivers

We characterize the main forms of manifestation of channel processes on first-order streams that have not been studied previously from this standpoint. The main morphological features of small streams are described, a typization of channel processes is provided, and differences from processes and forms of their manifestation in channels of larger rivers are identified.