A Numerical Simulation Study of Temperature and Pressure Effects on the Breakthrough Pressure of CO2 in Unsaturated Low-permeability Rock Core

Gas breakthrough pressure is a key parameter to evaluate the sealing capacity of caprock, and it also plays important roles in safety and capacity of CO2 geological storage. Based on the published experimental results, we present numerical simulations on CO2 breakthrough pressure in unsaturated low-permeability rock under 9 multiple P-T conditions (which can keep CO2 in gaseous, liquid and supercritical states) and thus, a numerical method which can be used to accurately predict CO2 breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale is proposed. The simulation results show that CO2 breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time are exponential correlated with P-T conditions. Meanwhile, pressure has stronger effects on experimental results than that of temperature. Moreover, we performed sensitivity studies on the pore distribution index λ (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) in van Genuchten-Muale model. Results show that with the increase of λ, CO2 breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time both show decreasing trends. In other words, the larger the value of λ is, the better the permeability of the caprock is, and the worse the CO2 sealing capacity is. The numerical method established in this study can provide an important reference for the prediction of gas breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale and for related numerical studies.     

玉米作物极化SAR数据模拟

通过重点研究玉米叶子的空间位置、指向角分布,分析玉米作物的结构特点,建立玉米的三维结构模型和场景,发展针对玉米作物的极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic apertureradar,SAR)数据模拟方法。利用该模拟方法和实地获取的玉米参数模拟极化SAR数据,通过与散射计实地测量的多极化、多角度后向散射系数进行对比,表明该模拟方法能够有效的模拟玉米作物的后向散射系数;通过分析模拟极化SAR数据获得的HH-VV、HH-HV、VH-VV之间的相位差,表明该模拟方法能够有效的模拟玉米作物散射的相位信息;通过分析模拟数据的极化响应图和Cloude H-α分类图,从散射类型角度验证了模拟极化SAR数据的有效性。     

太湖流域设计暴雨修订

太湖流域属平原河网地区,河网密布、水流流向往复不定,不存在流域出口控制断面,太湖流域设计洪水一般根据设计暴雨采用流域产汇流模型间接推求。因此,设计暴雨成果将直接影响流域防洪规划、工程设计、风险图编制等多项工作,其可靠性关系到流域的防洪安全,是一项十分重要的基础工作。开展了太湖流域设计暴雨修订计算,与太湖流域防洪规划设计暴雨成果对比分析,并针对设计暴雨过程推求采用的不同空间分配方法,进行成果的合理性评估。     

联合热红外与微波的作物辐射方向性模型研究

热红外遥感提供地表表层辐射信息为主,被动微波遥感可更好地提供植被和土壤背景垂直结构的辐射信息。结合热红外与被动微波遥感的优势协同反演植被和土壤组分温度是提高组分温度反演精度的一种思路。本文在对热红外辐射传输模型和微波辐射模型进行比较的基础上,构建均匀作物的统一场景,将统一场景的参数分为直接参数和间接参数。基于统一场景,修改微波辐射模型的场景结构及叶倾角分布,并增加组分温度参数以计算辐射亮温,最终构建热红外与微波辐射联合模拟模型(UEasmmes模型)。针对均匀玉米作物,利用UEasmmes模型进行联合模拟,分析了组分温度、组分发射率、叶面积指数LAI及叶倾角分布LAD对热红外与微波的方向性亮温DBT的敏感性响应差异。分析结果表明:协同热红外与被动微波遥感反演植被和土壤组分温度是可行的,但对于如何克服组分发射率、LAI及LAD对植被有效发射率的影响而导致的微波辐射亮温变化以及实现热红外表皮温度与微波等效温度之间的转化仍是需要深入研究和探讨的问题。     

Numerical simulation of carbon dioxide injection for enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR) in Altmark natural gas field

This paper studied the CO₂-EGR in Altmark natural gas field with numerical simulations. The hydro-mechanical coupled simulations were run using a linked simulator TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D. In order to consider the gas mixing process, EOS7C was implemented in TOUGH2MP. A multi-layered 3D model (4.4 km × 2 km × 1 km) which consists of the whole reservoir, caprock and base rock was generated based on a history-matched PETREL model, originally built by GDF SUEZ E&P Deutschland GmbH for Altmark natural gas field. The model is heterogeneous and discretized into 26,015 grid blocks. In the simulation, 100,000 t CO₂ was injected in the reservoir through well S13 within 2 years, while gas was produced from the well S14. Some sensitivity analyses were also carried out. Simulation results show that CO₂ tends to migrate toward the production well S14 along a NW–SE fault. It reached the observation wells S1 and S16 after 2 years, but no breakthrough occurred in the production well. After 2 years of CO₂ injection, the reservoir pressure increased by 2.5 bar, which is beneficial for gas recovery. The largest uplift (1 mm) occurred at the bottom of the caprock. The deformation was small (elastic) and caprock integrity was not affected. With the injection rate doubled the average pressure increased by 5.3 bar. Even then the CO₂ did not reach the production well S14 after 2 years of injection. It could be concluded that the previous flow field was established during the primary gas production history. This former flow field, including CO₂ injection/CH₄ production rate during CO₂-EGR and fault directions and intensity are the most important factors affecting the CO₂ transport.     

Synthesis and pharmacokinetic property improvement of deuterated plinabulin 9

Plinabulin,a potent microtubule-targeting agent,is derived from marine natural diketopiperazine ‘phenylahistin'.To develop novel plinabulin analogue that could display better pharmacokinetic properties and less side effects,deuterated plinabulin 9 was synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo.In comparison with plinabulin,in vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the deuterated derivative 9 could alter blood circulation behavior obviously,which was proved by increased area under the plasma concentration-time curve(AUC_(0–∞)),reduced clearance(CL),and prolonged total body mean residence time(MRT).The derivative 9 also has higher inhibition rates against Bx PC-3,Jurkat and A-431 tumor cell lines as compared with its prototype plinabulin.Therefore,the deuterated compound 9 might be developed as a potential agent for different cancer treatments.     

宇地系统场沉积响应范例：蓟县系雾迷山巨旋回层序及节律

燕辽拗拉谷盆地是一个具有全球性对比意义的典型碳酸盐岩盆地。文中提出建立雾迷山亚系和相应统的划分方案,并指出蓟县系雾迷山亚系（MPSSⅡ）时期,属于盆地巨旋回的造礁沉积平衡补偿形成阶段,沉降幅度和沉积厚度巨大,发育有代表不同沉积环境的多种类型叠层石,在层序上构成明显的沉积韵律,并显示出受米兰科维奇周期、小行星云周期和银道面周期控制形成的不同级次的宇地系统沉积旋回韵律。同时,由于山海关古陆的周期性隆升作用,导致由热水硅质形成的燧石层和由红色物源输入形成的不同级次沉积层序,更为宇地系统控制层序的周期性增添了色彩。总之,蓟县系雾迷山期巨旋回是受宇地系统场控制成因的沉积响应的典范。科学探索与实践证明只有建立宇宙观的地球科学领域,才能不断地开拓地球科学研究的新视野。     

论黄河泥沙的综合开发利用

黄河泥沙资源丰富。如何处理黄河泥沙,历来是黄河治理开发的大事。该文结合黄河下游山东、河南两省的实际情况,在论证综合开发利用黄河泥沙的可能性、技术支撑、市场需求、法制环境等基础上,提出了淤改涝洼地、制造墙体材料、复垦采煤塌陷区等综合利用黄河泥沙的建议。     

Construction of Deep Thermal Models Based on Integrated Thermal Properties Used for Geothermal Risk Management

Mathematical Geosciences - The development of deep geothermal energy may be at risk from the economic point of view if the estimated deep thermal field is far from its real state. The strong...     

“菲特”台风期间上海地区上游来水量分析

2013年"菲特"台风影响期间,上海地区普降大暴雨。在降雨、风暴潮增水和上游来水的共同影响下,黄浦江、长江口、杭州湾潮位全线超警,特别是黄浦江上游部分测站最高潮位超历史记录,严重制约了流域排洪和区域排涝。为分析台风影响期间太湖流域上游来水对上海地区的影响,通过现场调查、统计分析和模型模拟等方法,计算分析台风影响期间太湖流域产水量、外边界进出水量、湖库河网调蓄量以及洪涝灾害严重地区的淹涝量等,从而计算太湖流域上游进入上海地区的水量,为上海地区的防洪减灾工作提供基础支撑。