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Observed particle sizes and fluxes of Aeolian sediment in the near surface layer during sand-dust storms in the Taklamakan Desert 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wen?Huo Qing?He Fan?Yang Xinghua?Yang Qing?Yang Fuyin?Zhang Ali?Mamtimin Xinchun?Liu Mingzhong?Wang Yong?Zhao Xiefei?ZhiEmail author 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,130(3-4):735-746
Monitoring, modeling and predicting the formation and movement of dust storms across the global deserts has drawn great attention in recent decades. Nevertheless, the scarcity of real-time observations of the wind-driven emission, transport and deposition of dusts has severely impeded progress in this area. In this study, we report an observational analysis of sand-dust storm samples collected at seven vertical levels from an 80-m-high flux tower located in the hinterland of the great Taklamakan Desert for ten sand-dust storm events that occurred during 2008–2010. We analyzed the vertical distribution of sandstorm particle grain sizes and horizontal sand-dust sediment fluxes from the near surface up to 80 m high in this extremely harsh but highly representative environment. The results showed that the average sandstorm grain size was in the range of 70 to 85 μm. With the natural presence of sand dunes and valleys, the horizontal dust flux appeared to increase with height within the lower surface layer, but was almost invariant above 32 m. The average flux values varied within the range of 8 to 14 kg m?2 and the vertical distribution was dominated by the wind speed in the boundary layer. The dominant dust particle size was PM100 and below, which on average accounted for 60–80 % of the samples collected, with 0.9–2.5 % for PM0–2.5, 3.5–7.0 % for PM0–10, 5.0–14.0 % for PM0–20 and 20.0–40.0 % for PM0–50. The observations suggested that on average the sand-dust vertical flux potential is about 0.29 kg m?2 from the top of the 80 m tower to the upper planetary boundary layer and free atmosphere through the transport of particles smaller than PM20. Some of our results differed from previous measurements from other desert surfaces and laboratory wind-dust experiments, and therefore provide valuable observations to support further improvement of modeling of sandstorms across different natural environmental conditions. 相似文献
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光记录倾斜观测的时间服务很重要。根据观测工作实际的需要,优化设计并制作了时号灯自动备用电路装置。在原时号灯部分发生故障时自动启用备用时号灯,直到故障处理后为止,并以LED发光警示。提供了电原理图,介绍了工作原理、性能特点、使用效果。实践表明,该装置质优高效,价廉便用,可进一步提高观测质量,减轻工作负担,并可在地磁等光记录观测中应用。 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - The past few years have seen the raise of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in geosciences for generating highly accurate digital elevation models (DEM) at low costs, which promises... 相似文献
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鉴于测震中电子放大地震仪放大器的输出动态范围窄的缺陷,笔者作了自动换档衰减放大倍数的电路技术设计。本设计在长周期、短周期、宽频带等各种电子放大地震仪上适当改制或重新设计放大板即可应用,从而可几十倍甚至更大地拓宽电子放大地震仪的输出动态范围,大幅度增强其适用性。 相似文献
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威海市土地利用分形特征动态变化 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
基于威海市三期土地利用遥感解泽数据,应用土地利用空间形态分形模型,获得了1985年、1995年和2000年三个时期威海市各主要地类的分形维数和稳定性指数;通过叠加分析等方法,计算出了1985-1995年、1995-2000年和1985-2000年三个时间段各主要地类动态度.在此基础上.对威海市土地利用分形特征时空格局变化特点、动态度变化特点进行了研究.结果显示:1985年、1995年和2000年分维数较大的主要地类均是未利用土地、城镇用地和水域等,分维数较小的地类均是农村居民点和其他建设用地.从1985年到2000年,各主要地类的分维数平均值旱现出逐渐减少的趋势,总的来看,土地利用类型的形态向着简单、规则的方向发展.在不同时段,各主要地类的分维数和稳定性指数变化特点存在较大差异.农村居民点、其他建设用地和未利用土地在三个时期的空间结构较稳定,水域、城镇用地、草地和耕地在三个时期的空间结构较不稳定.1985-1995年,威海市城镇用地年增长率最大,林地年减少率最大;1995-2000年,城镇用地年增长率最大,水域年减少率最大;1985-2000年,城镇用地年增长率最大,未利用土地年减少率最大;威海市城镇扩展迅速,城镇化趋势显著.社会经济快速发展、政府规划、城镇化等因素是威海市主要地类分形维数、稳定性指数和动态度变化的主要原因. 相似文献
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长江三峡库区土壤与水系沉积物Cd地球化学特征 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
对长江三峡库区段不同介质中Cd的分布特征和长江水系沉积物在垂向、横向剖面上的元素分布特征的研究发现,残坡积型土壤与长江干流水系沉积物Cd含量差异较大,水系沉积物具明显的高Cd异常;各个沉积时期的水系沉积物中均存在Cd异常,上游来源的Cd是引起三峡库区水系沉积物高Cd异常的主要因素;人类活动对土壤和水系沉积物中Cd的含量影响明显,在厂矿、码头、生活垃圾场等地区土壤中Cd的含量远高于一般地区土壤中Cd的含量,城市排污水系沉积物Cd的含量也高于长江干流水系沉积物Cd的含量。自然源是沿长江流域Cd异常普遍存在的根本原因,而人为源却有可能是高Cd异常主要沿长江干流及支流两岸大中城市分布的重要影响因素。 相似文献
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