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南祁连山前区可以分为露头和盆地区两个不同的大地构造单元,本区晚中生代构造活动强烈,控制了新生代的沉积过程和现今中生界残余层序的分布。本文提出了均匀平板状沉积体后期的构造变形可以利用古地质图以及高精度残余地层厚度的变化规律判断古构造带的分析方法,并且对于研究区中生代晚期的古构造特征进行了分析。露头区主要利用古地质图分析方法,研究区集中在赛什腾山-埃姆尼克山北缘的鱼卡和红山地区。盆地区主要利用中生界残余厚度图的分析方法,研究区集中在赛什腾山-埃姆尼克山南侧的赛什腾南部凹陷和马海凸起地区。通过这4个地区古构造特征的研究,提出南祁连山前区中生代晚期在区域性隆升的背景下,形成了一系列古构造带,古构造活动的特点是形成北西-北北西走向的背斜和向斜构造,这些褶皱的波长为15~20 km,为中尺度规模。同时指出,中国西部多数地区均缺失上白垩统,暗示着当时的中亚地区存在一个广阔的晚白垩世古高原。 相似文献
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系统分析前人在沉积盆地构造研究的基础上,论文总结了沉积盆地构造核心理论和关键技术方法的前沿与发展方向。沉积盆地构造核心理论包括盆地分类理论、成盆机制理论、变形定量分析理论和盆地充填过程理论。盆地分类理论是依据不同分类标准建立盆地分类方案,其发展趋势是基于资源与构造背景的原型盆地分类和基于盆地演化的叠合盆地分类;成盆机制理论是定量模拟不同作用机制下(纯热机制、构造作用、负载作用)盆地沉降过程及其控制因素,其发展趋势是三维成盆动力学模拟;变形定量分析理论包括断层相关褶皱理论、临界楔理论和盐构造理论,其发展趋势是三维构造建模与三维定量变形分析;盆地充填过程理论主要开展不同构造成因盆地的充填过程对比与盆山过程的源-汇分析,其发展趋势是多元源-汇分析与定量化盆地分析。沉积盆地构造关键前沿技术包括三维构造建模技术、构造物理模拟与数值模拟技术和基于三维构造恢复的裂缝预测技术。构造物理模拟技术包括了基于工业CT扫描成像物理模拟技术:可以无损动态监测构造带内部变形演化过程,精确构建变形带三维空间展布形态;基于PIV的有限应变分析的物理模拟技术:可以定量分析变形的演化过程,直观展示应变分布特征,探讨构造应变动态分布规律;基于超重力离心机的构造物理模拟技术:可以模拟不同尺度构造流变过程,探讨岩石圈浅层脆性变形与深层韧性流变之间的动力学机制。 相似文献
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CHENG Xiaogan LIN Xiubin WU Lei CHEN Hanlin XIAO Ancheng GONG Junfeng ZHANG Fengqi YANG Shufeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(3):870-883
Determining the spatio-temporal distribution of the deformation tied to the India-Eurasian convergence and the impact of pre-existing weaknesses on the Cenozoic crustal deformation is significant for understanding how the convergence between India and Eurasia contributed to the development of the Tibetan Plateau. The exhumation history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was addressed in this research using a new apatite fission track (AFT) study in the North Qaidam thrust belt (NQTB). Three granite samples collected from the Qaidam Shan pluton in the north tied to the Qaidam Shan thrust, with AFT ages clustering in the Eocene to Miocene. The other thirteen samples obtained from the Luliang Shan and Yuka plutons in the south related to the Luliang Shan thrust and they have showed predominantly the Cretaceous AFT ages. Related thermal history modeling based on grain ages and track lengths indicates rapid cooling events during the Eocene-early Oligocene and since late Miocene within the Qaidam Shan, in contrast to those in the Cretaceous and since the Oligocene-Miocene in the Luliang Shan and Yuka region. The results, combined with published the Cretaceous thermochronological ages in the Qaidam Shan region, suggest that the NQTB had undergo rapid exhumation during the accretions along the southern Asian Andean-type margin prior to the India-Eurasian collision. The Cenozoic deformation initially took place in the North Qaidam thrust belt by the Eocene, which is consistent with the recent claim that the deformation of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau initiated in the Eocene as a response to continental collision between India and Eurasia. The immediate deformation responding to the collision is tentatively attributed to the pre-existing weaknesses of the lithosphere, and therefore the deformation of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau should be regarded as a boundary-condition-dependent process. 相似文献
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Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Northern Qaidam Basin, NW China: Implications for the earliest Cretaceous intracontinental tectonism 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Lei Wu Ancheng Xiao Liqun WangZhongyan Shen Suping ZhouYuanzhong Chen Liang Wang Dong LiuJunya Guan 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(4):552-564
Formation of Mesozoic western China, which was dominated by tectonic amalgamation along its southern margin and associated intracontinental tectonisms, holds a key for interpreting the succedent Cenozoic evolution. This paper presents new data including lithology, sedimentary facies, stratigraphic contact, seismic interpretation and paleo-structures within the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous strata in the northern Qaidam Basin, NW China. These data all account for a contractional tectonic deformation in the earliest Cretaceous. The South Qilian Shan, according to the sedimentary features and provenance analysis, reactivated and exhumated during the deformation, controlling the deposition of the Lower Cretaceous sequences. A simplified model for the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous paleogeography and tectonics of the northern Qaidam Basin is accordingly proposed. The results also support a ∼25° clockwise rotation of the Qaidam Basin since the Early Cretaceous and a more accurate Mesozoic evolution process for the basin. This earliest Cretaceous deformation, associated with the reactivation of the South Qilian Shan at the time, are part of the intracontinental tectonisms in central Asia during the Mesozoic, and probably driven by both the closure of the Mongol-Okhostk Ocean to the north and the collision of the Lhasa and the Qiangtang blocks to the south. 相似文献
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库车坳陷东部具有丰富的油气资源,其构造变形机制与南天山造山带密切相关。综合采用露头共轭节理及白垩系残余厚度分布,分析了库车坳陷东部晚白垩世古隆起特征及构造应力场属性。吐格尔明、克孜勒努尔沟、库车河、卡普沙良河、吉迪克以及库车河西6条剖面的共轭节理分析表明,库车坳陷东部新生代构造挤压应力为NNW-SSE向,而中生代的构造挤压应力为NE-SW向。原型盆地恢复显示,库车坳陷白垩纪的沉积中心大致位于大北1井―吐北2井―克拉2井一线,且发育秋里塔格―新和―牙哈―提尔根古隆起带,白垩系原始沉积厚度总体上北厚南薄。在晚白垩世区域抬升剥蚀的构造背景下,坳陷东部受压隆升遭受剥蚀,白垩系残余厚度减薄,呈西厚东薄的趋势。位于坳陷东部的吐格尔明背斜在石炭纪―三叠纪为一个长期存在的继承性沉积古隆起,晚白垩世进一步隆升形成构造古隆起,背斜周缘的白垩系残余厚度进一步减薄。吐格尔明背斜和背斜周缘白垩系残余厚度等值线以及库北1井和库车河剖面周缘白垩系残余厚度等值线的长轴方向均为NW-SE向,进一步证实了库车坳陷东部晚白垩世的构造应力为NE-SW向。库车坳陷东部晚白垩世古隆起与构造应力场属性主要与特提斯造山带中地体增生和... 相似文献
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由于复杂的构造叠加及严重的覆盖,人们对鄂尔多斯盆地早古生代深部结构的研究仍很薄弱。本文主要通过地震数据处理和解释,结合野外地质调查,发现在寒武纪时期,盆地的南缘发育了一套北东向和近东西向的正断裂系统。作者对这套断裂系统的平面及剖面特征进行了详细的描述和分析,并结合区域地质背景探讨了其成因机制,结果表明该套断裂系统主要是由于先存的元古宙北东向基底断层在寒武纪时期发生了继承性活动而形成,同时在断裂系统的局部区段派生出了东西向展布的小规模新生断层。这套断裂系统的发现可能对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘在寒武纪的演化认识及油气勘探具有一定的启示意义。 相似文献
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祁连山北缘冲断带的特征与空间变化规律 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
祁连山北缘冲断带是中国西部一条十分重要的新生代冲断带,它的研究不仅对探讨青藏高原新生代隆升过程和板内造山作用具有重要的意义,而且对酒泉盆地南缘的油气勘探也具有重要的意义。在大量野外地质调查、地震资料解释和钻井资料分析的基础上,开展祁连山北缘冲断带的特征与空间变化规律研究。祁连山北缘冲断带具有多层次的逆冲结构,包括浅层的远距离冲断系统、中层的近距离冲断系统和深层的原地冲断系统,其中原地冲断系统又可划分为原地隐伏和原地显露冲断系统。冲断带变形特征自西向东可分为三段。酒泉盆地南缘的冲断带是一水平位移量较大的、沿着至少三个滑脱面由南而北产生收缩变形的薄皮冲断系统,原地隐伏冲断系统发育很宽。榆木山南缘—民乐盆地南缘西段的冲断带中发育较宽的原地显露冲断系统,而原地隐伏冲断系统较窄。民乐盆地南缘东段—武威盆地南缘发育宽度较大的原地显露冲断系统,由三叠系、石炭系—二叠系、奥陶系、寒武系和岩体组成的冲断片相互叠置,形成冲断带宽广的"显露式"前锋,原地隐伏系统不发育。祁连山北缘冲断带的变形量由西往东逐渐减小。酒西坳陷旱峡剖面构造缩短率为55.1%;民乐盆地魏拉达坂构造剖面缩短率最大为43.4%;武威盆地天桥沟—西马河构造剖面缩短率最大为40.4%。祁连山北缘冲断带西段的变形时期大致开始于9Ma,并以"前展式"向北扩张,变形时间向北变新,前锋断层开始活动时间约为8.3Ma。 相似文献