Expression of P-glycoprotein in southeastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica

These studies provide important fundamental information regarding the expression of P-glycoprotein (p-gp) in southeastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Using rhodamine transport studies, p-gp activity was detected in newly fertilized embryos. A monoclonal antibody (C219) was used to evaluate p-gp expression in oyster tissues. On the basis of laboratory studies, p-gp expression tended to be higher in gill tissues than mantle tissues, and was generally not related to salinity differences. Seasonal studies were conducted with oysters collected monthly for 1 year from Lighthouse Creek, an unpolluted site. There was a general pattern of higher p-gp expression in the warmer months and lower expression in the colder months. In contrast, total gill protein concentrations decreased during the warmer months and increased during the colder months. These studies indicate that there are seasonal patterns in p-gp expression which may represent an adaptive response to natural stressors associated with summer conditions.     

Integrated chronostratigraphy of Proterozoic-Cambrian boundary beds in the western Anabar region, northern Siberia

Carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks of the western Anabar region, northern Siberia, preserve an exceptional record of evolutionary and biogeochemical events near the Proterozoic/Cambrian boundary. Sedimentologically, the boundary succession can be divided into three sequences representing successive episodes of late transgressive to early highstand deposition; four parasequences are recognized in the sequence corresponding lithostratigraphically to the Manykal Formation. Small shelly fossils are abundant and include many taxa that also occur in standard sections of southeastern Siberia. Despite this coincidence of faunal elements, biostratigraphic correlations between the two regions have been controversial because numerous species that first appear at or immediately above the basal Tommotian boundary in southeastern sections have first appearances scattered through more than thirty metres of section in the western Anabar. Carbon- and Sr-isotopic data on petrographically and geochemically screened samples collected at one- to two-metre intervals in a section along the Kotuikan River, favour correlation of the Staraya Reckha Formation and most of the overlying Manykai Formation with sub-Tommotian carbonates in southeastern Siberia. In contrast, isotopic data suggest that the uppermost Manykai Formation and the basal 26 m of the unconformably overlying Medvezhya Formation may have no equivalent in the southeast; they appear to provide a sedimentary and palaeontological record of an evolutionarily significant time interval represented in southeastern Siberia only by the sub-Tommotian unconformity. Correlations with radiometrically dated horizons in the Olenek and Kharaulakh regions of northern Siberia suggest that this interval lasted approximately three to six million years, during which essentially all 'basal Tommotian' small shelly fossils evolved.     

等值代换--巧测E-601B型蒸发器的蒸发量

广西各基准站和基本站从1997年1月1日起,已正式使用E-601B型蒸发器,其基本原理为:若当日中有较大的降水而使蒸发桶里的水溢进溢流桶时,按规范的要求,要用500ml专用量杯测量溢流量,再把所量得的总读数值除以300,得到的值与当日测到的水面高度相加作为余量,然后按公式:蒸发量=原量-余量,这样就可以测量出当日的蒸发量.诚然,若当日水量不很大,溢流桶里的水量不很多时,用此方法就不觉得有什么特别不便之处.若当日有较大降水,以致溢流桶内的水量很多时,仍按规范用专用量杯量之,少则要量七八次,多则要量十几二十次,甚至更多次,才能测完溢流量.这样不但让观测员操作烦赘、费时,并且有时读数多也容易混乱,不便记易,容易造成人为的误差,从而影响了记录值.     

四川省夹江县地质地貌资源现状及旅游可持续开发研究

对四川省夹江县主要地质地貌资源进行了叙述,分析了这些资源对旅游开发的重要意义,提出了开发的构想和保护原生地质地貌环境的建议。     

汶川地震遗迹旅游资源分类及特色评价

汶川地震造就了大量地震遗迹景观,成为了地震科学研究及旅游开发活动的重要资源基础.对地震遗迹景观分类没有形成统一的认识,广义与狭义视角并存,两分法与一分法并现.充分考虑地震遗迹旅游资源成因及景观特征,强调地震活动对地震遗迹旅游资源成景过程的影响及响应,将其分为2个景观型,4个景观域、6个景观段、13个景观元及若干典型地震遗迹景观:重点介绍了北川县城地震遗址、都汶公路百花大桥、都江堰虹口深溪沟地表破裂、北川县唐家山堰塞湖、北川县城城西滑坡遗迹等典型地震遗迹旅游资源;提炼出"国际意义的地质科学研究对象、全球吸引力的典型地震遗迹、国际品质的地震遗迹旅游资源开发条件、世界级震撼力的地震灾难性事件"四大特色.研究结论有利于地震遗迹旅游资源的保护及震区旅游恢复重建,为高烈度山区地震专项旅游产品开发提供科学依据.     

Natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation on biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove sediments

The biodegradability of a mixture of PAHs, namely fluorene (Fl), phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pyr), in mangrove sediment slurry was investigated. At the end of week 4, natural attenuation based on the presence of autochthonous microorganisms degraded more than 99% Fl and Phe but only around 30% of Pyr were degraded. Biostimulation with addition of mineral salt medium degraded over 97% of all three PAHs, showing that nutrient amendment could enhance Pyr degradation. Bioaugmentation with inoculation of a PAH-degrading bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments did not show any promotion effect and the degradation percentages of three PAHs were similar to that by natural attenuation. Some inhibitory effect was observed in bioaugmentation treatment in week 1 with only 50% Fl and 70% Phe degraded. These results indicate that autochthonous microbes may interact and even compete with the enriched consortium during PAH biodegradation. Natural attenuation appeared to be the most appropriate way to remedy Fl- and Phe-contaminated mangrove sediments while biostimulation was more capable to degrade Pyr-contaminated sediments. The study also shows that although a large portion of the added PAHs (more than 95%) was adsorbed onto the sediments at the beginning of the experiment, most PAHs were degraded in 4 weeks, suggesting that the degraders could utilize the adsorbed PAHs efficiently.     

上扬子克拉通南缘中泥盆统-石炭系高频层序及复合海平面变化

上扬子克拉通南缘中泥盆统—石炭系地层高频层序可以划分为三个级别 ,并与层序地层学术语可以对比 :六级层序—韵律层 ;五级层序—准层序 ;四级层序—准层序组。不同级别高频层序的形成受米兰柯维奇驱动力引起的具不同周期和频率的复合海平面变化控制。克拉通边缘沉积环境中 ,低频海平面变化的上升阶段形成以淹没节拍为主的高频层序 ,而在停滞至下降阶段形成以暴露节拍为主的高频层序。所以 ,通过对不同特征的高频层序及垂向叠加的分析 ,可以求解低频海平面的变化     

右江盆地层序格架中的生储盖组合特征及勘探意义

在层序地层研究基础上,结合右江盆地油气勘探成果,建立了右江盆地层序地层格架与油气生储盖组合之间的关系模型。具体是以南盘江凹陷及十万大山地区为重点,通过泥盆纪-中三叠世层序地层中生储盖组合的研究,阐述相应的不同级别层序格架 (二级及三级 )中储集体的成因类型及时空分布规律,进而探讨不同成因层序中有利储集体的发育模式。     

层序成因动力学参数类型及意义

层序地层学为沉积盆地分析的一个重要手段和方法。层序地层学在沉积盆地分析中的参数包括宏观参数和微观参数。宏观参数特指沉积盆地中同一成因类型或成因相关的层序构成的层序组合体的总体特征,主要包括物质组成、宏观轮廓及叠置序列等。微观参数系指单个层序本身的识别标志,分为层序内部标志和层序界面标志。前者包括层序的几何形态、规模级别、内部构型、成因格架和充填序列等;后者包括界面的物理标识、剖面特征、成因属性和级别类型等。不同的层序参数类型揭示不同的成因背景,反映不同的动态过程和成因动力学意义。通过这些参数类型及其成因意义的研究,可分析层序形成与沉积盆地及板块构造的关系,进而研究层序的形成背景和成因动力学,最终为盆地动力学研究提供基础。     

全球旋回地层学

全球旋回地层学是指在对全球沉积岩进行综合系统研究之基础上，通过估算沉积盆地中源于物源区的沉积物类型和沉积环境条件变化，来预测地层学特征的一种过程一结果模型。其研究内容包括对全球地质演化时期全球海平面变化、全球气候条件、全球构造运动、全球古地理背景、全球沉积环境特征、全球古生物事件及全球矿产形成过程进行动态模拟，强调古气候在地质记录中的意义，注重沉积记录的全球同时性研究；强调各种事件在沉积作用中的意