像素级遥感图像融合方法研究

多传感器遥感图像融合按信息表征层次的不同,可以分为像素级融合、特征级融合和决策级融合。本文介绍了像素级层次上的多种遥感图像融合方法,阐述了其融合原理和实现过程,分析了它们适用性和优缺点,并给出了遥感图像融合的一般评价指标。     

Characterization and Application of S-Band Polarimetric Radar and X-Band Phased Array Radar for a Tornadic Storm Event on June 16,2022

The X-band phased array radar offers faster scanning speed and higher spatial resolution compared to the S-band radar, making it capable of enhancing tornado monitoring and early warning capabilities. This study analyzed the char- acteristics and nowcasting signals of a tornado case that occurred on June 16, 2022 in the Guangzhou region. Our findings indicate that the violent contraction of rotation radius and the dramatic increase in rotation speed were important signal characteristics associated with tornado formation. The X-band phased array radar, with its high temporal and spatial resolution, provided an opportunity to capture early warning signals from polarimetric characteristics. The X-band phased array radar demonstrated noteworthy ability to identify apparent tornado vortex signature (TVS) features in a 10-minute lead time, surpassing the capabilities of the CINRAD/SA radar. Additionally, due to its higher scanning frequency, the X- band phased-array radar was capable of consistently identifying TVS with shorter intervals, enabling a more precise tracking of the tornado’s path. The application of professional radars, in this case, provides valuable insights for the monitoring of evolutions of severe local storms and even tornadoes and the issuance of early warning signals.     

江苏省森林资源专项调查的探讨

随着自然资源调查监测工作即将全面展开,迫切需要对国土三调与已有的各类专项调查进行梳理、整合,以形成自然资源“一张底图”。本文以森林资源为例,分析了国土三调与林业标准间的差异,对森林资源专项调查技术路线展开探讨,具体研究了其中的注意事项与关键技术。通过专项调查,可掌握森林资源现状及其动态变化,客观反映森林的数量、质量、结构和功能,为自然资源管理工作提供辅助作用。     

高精度磁测在IOCG型铁矿勘查中的应用——以智利英格瓦塞铁矿为例

IOCG型（铁氧化物铜金型）矿床富含铁氧化物,且常缺失硫化物,高精度磁测是寻找IOCG矿床重要的有效手段之一。英格瓦塞铁矿位于智利中北部IOCG型矿床成矿带,前期地质工作程度较低。在智利英格瓦塞铁矿矿区地质特征调查基础上,重点针对中部矿区的7个磁异常区,利用RGIS对其高精度磁测数据进行面积上延、面积下延、剖面下延及2.5D反演拟合处理,结果表明,本区引起磁异常的磁性地质体整体呈NE向延伸、倾向NW、倾角较陡。除Ⅰ号和Ⅴ号磁异常规模较小外,其他几个磁异常中心找矿前景较大,有规模的磁异常区大多埋深在50~120 m之间,为下一步地质找矿钻探验证提供了有效的基础。同时,该勘查方法可为中国IOCG型铁矿找矿工作提供参考依据。     

Application of Linear Mean-Square Estimation in Ocean Engineering

The attempt to obtain long-term observed data around some sea areas we concern is usually very hard or even impossible in practical offshore and ocean engineering situations. In this paper, by means of linear mean-square estimation method, a new way to extend short-term data to long-term ones is developed. The long-term data about concerning sea areas can be constructed via a series of long-term data obtained from neighbor oceanographic stations, through relevance analysis of different data series. It is effective to cover the insufficiency of time series prediction method’s overdependence upon the length of data series, as well as the limitation of variable numbers adopted in multiple linear regression model. The storm surge data collected from three oceanographic stations located in Shandong Peninsula are taken as examples to analyze the number-selection effect of reference oceanographic stations (adjacent to the concerning sea area) and the correlation coefficients between sea sites which are selected for reference and for engineering projects construction respectively. By comparing the N-year return-period values which are calculated from observed raw data and processed data which are extended from finite data series by means of the linear mean-square estimation method, one can draw a conclusion that this method can give considerably good estimation in practical ocean engineering, in spite of different extreme value distributions about raw and processed data.     

扬子地台东南缘下寒武统清虚洞组风暴沉积特征及其重要意义

在扬子地台东南缘,下寒武统龙王庙阶清虚洞组主要由浅水碳酸盐岩组成。在野外露头剖面实测和室内镜下薄片观察的基础上,大量风暴沉积被发现于不同剖面清虚洞组的不同层位中,同时大量风暴诱发形成的沉积构造被识别出来,包括侵蚀基底、粗粒滞留沉积、粒序层理、平行层理、丘状交错层理(少见并且值得怀疑)以及沙纹层理,组成了多种类型的风暴沉积序列。结合更靠扬子东南缘的深水剖面中重力流沉积的缺乏,可以推断早寒武世龙王庙期扬子地台的沉积模式为碳酸盐缓坡。结合风暴的形成机制以及清虚洞组风暴沉积的发育特征(尤其是粗粒滞留砾屑的定向排列和典型丘状交错层理的缺乏),可以推断研究区风暴沉积形成于强烈的冬季风暴作用,并且早寒武世龙王庙期华南的古地理位置应当位于中纬度地区,这一结论对一些著名的全球古地理重建方案提出了质疑。同时中纬度地区大规模发育蒸发岩和碳酸盐岩还佐证了寒武纪地球处于热室(Hothouse)时期。     

自然电场法和AMT法在同德石墨矿勘查中的应用

为研究自然电位法、音频大地电磁测深(AMT)在石墨矿勘查中的异常响应,选取四川省攀枝花市仁和区同德石墨矿床作为研究对象,利用石墨特有的低电阻率等特征并结合区内有利地段开展物性测量、自然电位梯度测量、音频大地电磁测深以及深部钻探工程等对其进行研究。自然电位梯度测量圈定平面异常,在此异常范围内择优布设音频大地电磁测深剖面。研究发现石墨矿上方观测到的自然电位梯度呈正负伴生的特征,自然电位梯度曲线的形态能很好地区分出多条矿体,AMT结果反映出石墨矿(化)体主要呈低阻特征,推断的石墨矿(化)体深部的延深形态与实际地表工程和深部钻探工程控制的基本一致。上述两种方法结合使用产生的矿化异常与地表槽探及深部钻探工程施工结果套合良好,异常反映的地质信息较为准确,对同德石墨矿的找矿勘查具有较大的意义。     

基于海量海底地形数据的存储和可视化研究

针对海量海底地形数据的存储和可视化的技术难点,提出一种基于细节层次模型的处理技术。使用这种技术,可以对海底地形模型进行有效的管理。通过实验证明,使用细节层次模型技术可以对海底地形模型进行高效绘制。     

一种基于工业CT技术的岩芯样品孔隙度测量分析方法

岩芯(石)或地质样品的孔隙度,对于成矿流体的研究有着极其重要的意义.针对现有测量与分析计算岩石孔隙度方法难于确保反映岩石样品内部的、原始的、原位的信息或特征等不足,笔者利用工业CT无损检测技术能以图像的形式,直观呈现物体内部密度分布或结构状况这一特点,基于岩芯(石)样品的工业CT切片图像,采用边缘检测和阈值分割等数字图像处理方法,对某矿区ZK992钻井10件岩芯样品的孔隙度做了计算分析研究工作.通过二阶B样小波模极大值法对岩芯CT图像ROI进行边缘检测和改进的类间方差最大法对岩芯CT图像ROI进行阈值处理,分别获得了10件岩芯样品的孔隙度(1.22％～5.79％),基此得出了随着钻进深度的增大,岩芯样品的孔隙度呈现先递增后递减的趋势.研究结果表明,所测得的岩芯样品的孔隙度结果,与经验值基本吻合.这既可为成矿流体的研究提供参考价值,又可为岩石孔隙度测量分析提供一种新的手段或方法.