基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急无线通信系统探索

基于OFDM核心技术的WiMAX(全球微波接入互操作性)具有4G技术的特点。与3G和WiFi无线通讯技术相比具有明显的高速率、大容量数据传输优势。本文就基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急通讯系统的几种技术方案加以详细论述,说明WiMAX在地质灾害应急指挥中具有广阔前景。     

上海淀山湖水生高等植物现状及其近30年变化

于2009年8月至2010年5月调查淀山湖水生高等植物现状.并结合历史资料分析其近30年变化,探讨水生植被的发展趋势及退化原因.淀山湖现有水生高等植物29种,隶属18科,25属,栽培种、外来种比例较过去升高.30年来水生植被(尤其是沉水植被)面积严重萎缩,主要植被类型从沉水植物占优势转变为漂浮植物占优势,沉水植被主要优...     

西藏狮泉河地区高钾-钾玄质火山岩的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年龄

报道的高钾-钾玄质火山岩位于狮泉河镇南东方向约20km处,向东延伸。高钾-钾玄质火山岩SiO2变化于60.35%~68.68%之间,属中酸性岩范畴;具有高的K2O+Na2O含量（8.8%~10.66%）,K2O/Na2O值在1.92~2.49之间,MgO含量较低,介于0.88%~3.47%之间,Al2O3含量为14.02%~14.91%,属于高钾-钾玄质系列。岩石强烈富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）Rb、Ba、Th、U和轻稀土元素（LREE）,高场强元素（HFSE）Nb、Ta、Ti具有明显负异常,Cr、Ni、Co相容元素含量低于或接近地壳的平均含量,结合Th/Yb-Ta/Yb、（Th×100）/Zr-（Nb×100）/Zr判别图及La-La/Yb图解,暗示岩浆源区可能为下地壳。在左左乡南东约2km处和狮泉河水泥厂北东约1km处各采集1个高钾-钾玄质火山岩样品,对其中的锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测定,得到的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为22.04±0.42Ma和22.29±0.31Ma,此年龄被解释为狮泉河一带高钾-钾玄质火山岩的喷发时代,即中新世阿启塔期。由此表明,该火山岩是印度板片向北俯冲时在狮泉河一带俯冲板片断离,岩浆发生部分熔融的产物。     

统计费用网络流相位解缠并行处理

针对雷达干涉测量(InSAR)相位解缠中的单机计算资源不足和相对运算效率不高的问题,提出了数据并行处理策略。以统计费用网络流相位解缠为例,分析了该算法的数据划分方法,构建了并行运算实验系统,实现了统计费用网络流相位解缠并行处理,并从解缠效果、内存使用量和运算效率3个方面对实验结果进行了分析。     

Modelling atmospheric and hydrologic processes for assessment of meadow restoration impact on flow and sediment in a sparsely gauged California watershed

The restoration of meadowland using the pond and plug technique of gully elimination was performed in a 9‐mile segment along Last Chance Creek, Feather River Basin, California, in order to rehabilitate floodplain functions such as mitigating floods, retaining groundwater, and reducing sediment yield associated with bank erosion and to significantly alter the hydrologic regime. However, because the atmospheric and hydrological conditions have evolved over the restoration period, it was difficult to obtain a comprehensible evaluation of the impact of restoration activities by means of field measurements. In this paper, a new use of physically based models for environmental assessment is described. The atmospheric conditions over the sparsely gauged Last Chance Creek watershed (which does not have any precipitation or weather stations) during the combined historical critical dry and wet period (1982–1993) were reconstructed over the whole watershed using the atmospheric fifth‐generation mesoscale model driven with the US National Center for Atmospheric Research and US National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data. Using the downscaled atmospheric data as its input, the watershed environmental hydrology (WEHY) model was applied to this watershed. All physical parameters of the WEHY model were derived from the existing geographic information system and satellite‐driven data sets. By comparing the prerestoration and postrestoration simulation results under the identical atmospheric conditions, a more complete environmental assessment of the restoration project was made. Model results indicate that the flood peak may be reduced by 10–20% during the wet year and the baseflow may be enhanced by 10–20% during the following dry seasons (summer to fall) in the postrestoration condition. The model results also showed that the hydrologic impact of the land management associated with the restoration mitigates bank erosion and sediment discharge during winter storm events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Early Cretaceous Climate Changes Recorded in Magnetic Susceptibility and Color Index Variations of the Lower Liupanshan Group, Central China

This study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility(χlf) and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change information during the 129.14–122.98 Ma interval. Based on the results of the ?lf and of the redness(a*), the section can be divided into two segments:(1) 129.14–126.3 Ma, with the lowest ?lf values and strongly variable relatively high values of redness and(2) 126.3–122.98 Ma, with high ?lf values and relatively low redness. Analysis of the lithology and facies as well as the magnetic minerals and their contents points to a detrital origin of the magnetic minerals and this allow us to interpret the relationship between magnetic susceptibility variations and climate changes. Our study shows that the climate was significantly dry and hot during the whole studied interval although the interval between 126.3 Ma and 122.98 was a little bit cooler with increased humidity.     

全珊瑚骨料海水混凝土力学性能试验研究

为了探讨全珊瑚骨料海水混凝土的基本力学性能,并比较其与普通混凝土和轻集料混凝土的差异,通过实验系统测定了珊瑚混凝土的基本力学性能,建立了其轴心抗压强度(f_(c,m))、劈裂抗拉强度(f_(sp,m))、抗折强度(f_(t,m))与立方体抗压强度(f_(cu,m))之间的线性关系与计算公式。结果表明:在强度等级C20~C50的范围内,珊瑚混凝土的f_(c,m)和f_(sp,m)分别比普通混凝土的f_(c,m)和f_(sp,m)高出10%~48%和9%~33%,随着强度等级的提高,两种混凝土之间的差距在减小。珊瑚混凝土的f_(t,m)与普通混凝土的ft,m之间的差异规律与强度等级有关,较低强度等级的C30珊瑚混凝土ft,m比普通混凝土的f_(t,m)要高4%,而较高强度等级的C55珊瑚混凝土f_(t,m)比普通混凝土的f_(t,m)低13%。较高强度等级的C50珊瑚混凝土f_(c,m)、f_(sp,m)和f_(t,m)分别比页岩陶粒轻集料混凝土的f_(c,m)、f_(sp,m)和f_(t,m)低11%、0.9%和4%。     

海岸水边线提取方法在GF-2卫星影像中的适应性研究

准确提取海岸水边线是海岸线变迁研究中必不可少的基本工作。本文以海南省陵水黎族自治县2016年的GF-2影像为数据源,在大气校正和正射校正等预处理的基础上,结合数学形态学处理等方法,采用NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index)阈值法、ISOADTA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique Algorithm)、SVM (Support Vector Machine)和面向对象法（Object-Oriented Classification,OOC）等4种不同方法来对海岸水边线进行提取,并对其提取结果进行定性和定量评估,进而分析比较了这4种方法在提取人工海岸、砂质海岸和基岩海岸等3种不同海岸类型的水边线时的提取效果和提取精度。结果表明,SVM方法在3种海岸水边线上的总体提取效果最好,总体提取精度最高。     

黑潮锋区的水温分形特征研究

借助GIS ArcView软件分析提取黑潮锋区域,将一定间隔的经纬度点的温度值生成等值线以此为研究对象,应用网格法计算了20°～30°N,120°～130°E范围内黑潮锋区50m和100m深处水温的分维值,100m深处的分维值波动较50m深处小,但整体上分维值较50m深处大。计算结果符合黑潮锋区强度的实际分布情况,初步认为分形维数能够表征黑潮锋强度,分维值随黑潮锋强度的增大而增大。     

模糊ISODATA聚类算法在声速剖面自动分类中的应用

依据中国海浅海区30′按月历史统计声速剖面数据,通过归一化处理和Akima差值采样得到梯度剖面,建立起各方区按月归化后的声速剖面分层梯度样本集,并采用模糊ISODATA聚类算法对声速剖面进行聚类分析.通过对分类结果和类内总方差和的分析表明,聚类参数m值在1.1～2.1之间,并以最远邻系统聚类法结果为初始类中心的模糊分类效果较好.应用该方法对海洋中的声速剖面进行自动分类和区划对海洋环境的战术应用意义重大.