行星天文学的重要地位及其热点

对1995年至2001年《Natue》和《Science》上发表的天文学论文的统计表明，行星天文学领域的论文数量明显超过天文学的其它分支学科，占天文学总论文数的1/3左右。从这个角度来看，行星天文学是天文学最活跃和重要的分支学科之一。对这些论文具体内容的分析可以给出当前行星天文学领域的若干热点问题。相比之下，我国对这一重要领域的关注和投入还远远不够。     

云南天文台基本天体测量工作的发展

介绍了云南天文台天体测量工作的发展过程，论述了在空间时代地面光学基本天体测量的必要性和应具备的条件，并且叙述了在新的要求和条件下，地面光学基本天体测量工作应该发挥的作用和广阔的发展前景。     

Effect of spatial variation characteristics on contouring of design storm depth

The ordinary kriging method, a geostatistical interpolation technique, was applied for developing contour maps of design storm depth in northern Taiwan using intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) data. Results of variogram modelling on design storm depths indicate that the design storms can be categorized into two distinct storm types: (i) storms of short duration and high spatial variation and (ii) storms of long duration and less spatial variation. For storms of the first category, the influence range of rainfall depth decreases when the recurrence interval increases, owing to the increasing degree of their spatial independence. However, for storms of the second category, the influence range of rainfall depth does not change significantly and has an average of approximately 72 km. For very extreme events, such as events of short duration and long recurrence interval, we do not recommend usage of the established design storm contours, because most of the interstation distances exceed the influence ranges. Our study concludes that the influence range of the design storm depth is dependent on the design duration and recurrence interval and is a key factor in developing design storm contours. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南水北调东线水质污染和湖泊水生经济的系统分析

本文讨论了我国南水北调东线水质污染的产生及其对调水水质的影响,同时对调水区域内工业排水与治理经济模式和湖泊水生经济系统的最优化分析进行了探论.     

A Simulating Experiment in the Process of Soil Erosion on Bare Land in Mt. Tanakami

In order to understand the process of surface erosion and acquire basic data of conditions on hillslope without vege tation, a sprinkling experiment is conducted on a bare slope in Mt. Tanakami in the central part of Japan. Based on the mea surements of runoff, mean soil erosion depth, and sediment yield, etc. , the results suggest the following characteristics in the process of surface erosion in the experimental area. (1) The occurrence of sediment discharge is interrupted; (2) Surface runoff is a saturated overland flow; (3) The mean soil erosion depth is thick compared with other areas in Mt. Tanakami;(4) Sediment discharge process is detachment- limited.     

基于Chandra的活动星系核观测

活动星系核（AGN）是宇宙中最奇特的天体之一。它是真正意义上的全波天体，其中X射线波段的发射功率占到全波段功率的50％左右。AGN的X射线辐射研究涉及天体物理中的最基本问题，例如能量产生、辐射机制和宇宙论等，而Chandra X射线卫星的高分辨率图像和光谱对这一研究有着重要作用。以Chandra卫星的部分观测结果为例，简要介绍了几类不同类型AGN的X射线辐射研究进展：（1）宽吸收线类星体APM08279＋5255（z=3．91）的X射线谱分析，以及高红移类星体的观测概况；（2）Seyfert星系NGC 4151延展X射线发射问题的解决，及NGC 1068X射线辐射与光学波段的高激发态发射线（[OⅢ]λ5007）有很强相关性的发现；（3）6个BLLac天体样本的X射线环境分析；（4）射电星系X射线喷流的观测等。     

The global joule heat production rate and the AE index

The accuracy of the AE index as a measure of the joule heat production rate is examined for a typical substorm event on 18 March 1978 by estimating the global joule heat production rate, as a function of time, using data obtained from the IMS six meridian chains. In spite of the fact that the AE index had had an initial slow growth which was followed by a rapid growth, the joule heat production rate attained a high level during the slow growth and thus their variations were considerably different from those of the AE index. Therefore, although the AE index is statistically linearly related to the global joule heat production rate, one should be cautious in assuming that details of time variations of the AE index during individual events represent those of the joule heat production rate.     

数字宜昌建设初探

数字地球、数字城市是近几年刚提出来的一个全新的概念 ,但数字城市的建设却以空前的速度向前发展着 ,国务院总理朱熔基在视察宜昌时提出要把宜昌建设成世界级的城市 ,未来的城市数字化程度将是衡量一个城市发达程度的重要指标 ,启动数字宜昌建设是跻身世界级城市 ,提高宜昌市综合竞争力的重要举措     

青藏高原中、东部局地因素对地温的双重影响(Ⅰ): 植被和雪盖

青藏高原冻土区地温既受海拔、纬度和经度(干燥度)区域地带性规律控制, 同时它又受植被、雪盖、砂层、 水被和地质构造等局地因素的显著影响. 局地因素对地温的影响具有双重性: 在不同域值条件下, 它可增高或降低地温. 地温随植被覆盖度减小而逐渐增高, 但覆盖度减到0～20%时, 地温反而降低. 在青藏高原东部、南部和腹部的高山区, 冷季降雪多, 很多地段为稳定积雪区, 雪盖厚, 持续时间长, 对浅层地温起保温作用;而高原腹部的高平原、河谷和盆地冷季降雪较少, 雪盖薄, 持续时间较短, 一般保温作用微弱. 当雪盖厚度超过20 cm以后, 保温作用即开始增强;在暖季因积雪存在时间短, 雪盖薄, 短期内对浅层地温起冷却作用. 总之, 每种局地因素迫使地温向相反方向转化阶段是一个区间值, 为渐变过程. 随时空尺度变化, 局地因素的影响变化很大. 有些地段, 几种局地因素共同作用, 加上活动构造和地形、地貌等的影响, 使地温的时空分布和局地因素对其影响或控制变得错综复杂. 因此, 研究和预测地温特征和变化趋势, 需要在监测植被和积雪作用的基础上进行参数选择、 验证和优化.     

寒区线性工程沿线冻土区的植被恢复

寒区油气管道、公路、铁路等线性工程占地、建设和开挖对沿线寒区生态环境是一个切割、破碎的过程, 对自然植被和下伏冻土造成了很大的扰动. 管道泄露引发的油污还可引起植被的退化和死亡. 植被覆盖层破坏后改变了原有的地气界面之间的水、热交换条件和力学性质, 反过来又可加速引发下伏冻土和线性工程地基的退化. 基于保护线性工程地基及下伏冻土的目的, 同时顺应环境保护的要求, 目前就寒区线性工程的植被恢复问题已经有许多探索和实践. 当前, 寒区植被恢复注重最低限度的人为介入干预下的自然恢复, 根据线性工程沿线土壤、湿度、营养条件、物种分布和丰度, 视具体情况选择物种, 确定建植方法. 阿拉斯加管道和青藏铁路植被恢复上的经验和方法, 可为拟建的冻土区中俄输油管道项目沿线的植被恢复问题提供科学的参考和借鉴.