豫西东闯金矿床流体包裹体及稳定同位素研究

东闯金矿床位于华北板块南缘的小秦岭金成矿带中部地区。矿体呈脉状、透镜状赋存于东西向压扭性断裂中,赋矿围岩为太古界太华群变质岩系。成矿作用可分为4个阶段,从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度分别为296~342℃、257~341℃、250~314℃和175~267℃;对应流体盐度w(NaCleq)为5.23%~6.63%、1.63%~8.77%、3.38%~8.61%和8.55%~11.1%,以5%~9%为主,流体成分以H2O-NaCl-CO2为主。估算成矿压力为100~160MPa,静岩压力深度3.6~5.3 km。包裹体水的δDV-SMOW值为-49‰~80.2‰,多数在50‰~60‰之间,δ18O水计算值为3.33‰~7.88‰。碳酸盐矿物δ13CV-PDB为-5.1‰~-1.3‰,δ18OV-SM为9.9‰~15.29‰。矿石硫化物的δ34SV-CDT为-2.75‰~5.52‰,均值1.11‰,而其206Pb/204Pb=16.973‰~17.068‰、207Pb/204Pb=15.322‰~15.394‰、208Pb/204Pb=37.323‰~37.491‰。流体包裹体研究以及H-O、S、C、Pb同位素结果表明,东闯金矿床的成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆,矿质主要来自太华群地层。该矿床为低盐度、中成、中高温岩浆热液型金矿床。     

大兴安岭北段岔路口和大黑山斑岩型钼矿床硫、铅同位素特征

岔路口和大黑山钼矿床位于大兴安岭北段,是近年来新发现的2个斑岩型钼矿床。文章通过对这2个矿床的硫、铅同位素的研究,探讨了成矿物质来源。岔路口矿区硫化物的δ34S值为1.8‰~2.9‰,平均2.4‰;大黑山矿区硫化物的δ34S值变化于0.4‰~2.3‰,平均1.53‰,均显示出典型的岩浆硫特征。岔路口矿区硫化物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb值分别变化于18.311~18.356、15.536~15.573和38.115~38.229,大黑山矿区硫化物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb值则分别变化于18.341~18.719、15.529~15.637和38.033~38.363。铅同位素进一步指示铅的来源与燕山期岩浆作用有关。在铅同位素构造模式图中,矿石铅主要投点于地幔演化线和造山带演化线之间,表明铅来自于壳幔物质的混合。大兴安岭北段在晚侏罗世受古太平洋板块俯冲的影响,发生了强烈的壳、幔相互作用并产生了大量含钼岩浆,为该区斑岩型钼矿床的形成奠定了基础。     

湘西花垣李梅铅锌矿床C、O、S、Pb同位素特征及成矿物质来源

李梅铅锌矿床位于扬子地块的东南缘,是湘西-鄂西成矿带花垣矿田中较早发现的超大型铅锌矿床之一,矿体呈层状、似层状产于寒武系清虚洞组藻灰岩中。文章通过对其进行C、O、S、Pb同位素地球化学及流体包裹体激光拉曼的研究,探讨了成矿流体和成矿物质的来源及演化。研究结果表明:成矿期热液方解石的δ~(13)CPDB为-2.79‰~1.11‰,δ~(18)OSMOW为14.59‰~23.05‰,表明成矿流体中的CO_2主要来自于寒武系碳酸盐岩的溶解,部分成矿期及成矿后的热液方解石与有机质的热化学还原作用有关。激光拉曼研究显示包裹体气相成分中含大量的CH_4、H_2S、N_2及其他烃类,推测已经演化到高成熟阶段的有机质可能以古油气藏的形式参与了成矿作用,闪锌矿中气态含碳质沥青包裹体的出现暗示有机质的热化学还原反应参与了铅锌成矿过程。矿石中硫化物的δ~(34)SCDT值为+26.30‰~+34.66‰,平均值为+30.52‰,表明还原S主要来自成矿流体中海水硫酸盐充分的热化学还原作用。矿石硫化物的Pb同位素组成变化范围较小,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb分别为17.999~18.235、15.584~15.789、38.147~38.576,推测成矿物质主要来源于元古界浅变质基底板溪群和寒武系下统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩,部分来自于清虚洞组赋矿围岩。     

共生黑钨矿与石英中流体包裹体红外显微对比研究——以瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床为例

利用红外显微镜对湖南瑶岗仙石英脉型黑钨矿矿床中共生的黑钨矿与石英原生流体包裹体均一温度和冰点的测定结果表明,石英中流体包裹体均一温度范围为149～352℃,主要集中在160～300℃之间,盐度w(NaCleq)为0.9%～9.5%;黑钨矿中流体包裹体均一温度范围为212～386℃,主要集中在280～360℃之间,盐度w(NaCleq)为4.5%～15.2%.可见,黑钨矿中流体包裹体具有更高的均一温度和盐度,与石英中原生流体包裹体均一温度相差可达60℃,盐度w(NaCleq)相差可达6%.结合该矿床的矿石显微结构特征、包裹体岩相学特征及前人所做的氢、氧同位素测试分析结果,推断黑钨矿主要形成于早期阶段,为均一流体冷却成因,石英形成较晚,主要为流体混合成因.     

黑龙江省呼玛县天望台山金矿床成矿流体特征与成矿机制研究

黑龙江省呼玛县天望台山金矿床位于大兴安岭北段,古利库-呼玛火山断陷盆地边缘的天望台山火山机构北部。文章将该矿床热液成矿期划分为4个成矿阶段:(Ⅰ)石英-黄铁矿阶段;(Ⅱ)石英-金-多金属硫化物阶段;(Ⅲ)石英阶段;(Ⅳ)方解石阶段。其中,第Ⅱ阶段为主成矿阶段。该矿床流体包裹体相态类型主要为富液两相型和富气两相型,另有少量纯液相型和纯气相型。各阶段成矿流体的均一温度峰值区间为:280~320℃→240~280℃→220~260℃→200~240℃,成矿流体具有中低温的特点,其盐度、压力、密度和成矿深度显示出浅成低温热液型矿床的特点。主成矿阶段流体气相成分主要为H2O、CO2、N2和O2,液相中离子成分主要有Na+、K+、Ca2+和SO2-4、Cl-。主成矿阶段流体的δDV-SMOW范围为-163.5‰~-131.9‰,δ18OV-SMOW范围为-11.2‰~-9.1‰,反映成矿流体为大量大气降水和少量岩浆水的混合。主成矿阶段强烈的降温降压作用可能是导致成矿元素沉淀成矿的主要机制。此外,本次的流体包裹体研究结果表明该矿床的成矿流体在主成矿阶段发生过流体不混溶作用。因此,本文认为成矿流体强烈的降温降压作用,以及伴随着的流体不混溶是天望台山金矿床的成矿机制。     

Occurrence,thermal evolution and primary migration processes derived from studies of organic matter in the Lucaogou source rock at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin,NW China

The Lucaogou Formation carbonate-rich oil shale source rock is exposed at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. We have sampled it in detail and conducted microstructural, mineralogical and geochemical studies, including thin section petrography, UV fluorescence petrography, X-ray diffraction, vitrinite reflectance, bitumen reflectance, fluid inclusion analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Organic matter is disseminated through the carbonate-bearing siltstone source rocks and concentrated in numerous bedding parallel stylolites and in two sets of carbonate veins, one along bedding parallel fractures and the other cross-cutting stylolites and bedding. The research about maturity of organic matter finds vitrinite reflectance values increase from the dispersed kerogen (0.64%) to the stylolites (the one of oriented vitrinite is 0.72% and the one of migrated bitumen is 2.38%); Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in veins containing hydrocarbon fluid inclusions show an increase from 178.5°C in the bedding parallel veins to 222°C in the cross-cutting veins, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These results support a model of progressive heating accompanied by fluid loss during later stages of thermal maturation of source rock and the onset of primary migration. Obviously, the occurrence of organic matter is the trace of hydrocarbon primary migration, and the bedding lamination surfaces and cross-cutting fissures are the principal pathways of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids migration. Bedding lamination surfaces evolved into stylolites along the earliest primary migration pathways, followed by bedding parallel and cross-cutting fissures.

     

Occurrence, thermal evolution and primary migration processes derived from studies of organic matter in the Lucaogou source rock at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China

The Lucaogou Formation carbonate-rich oil shale source rock is exposed at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. We have sampled it in detail and conducted microstructural, mineralogical and geochemical studies, including thin section petrography, UV fluorescence petrography, X-ray diffraction, vitrinite reflectance, bitumen reflectance, fluid inclusion analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Organic matter is disseminated through the carbonate-bearing siltstone source rocks and concentrated in numerous bedding parallel stylolites and in two sets of carbonate veins, one along bedding parallel fractures and the other cross-cutting stylolites and bedding. The research about maturity of organic matter finds vitrinite reflectance values increase from the dispersed kerogen (0.64%) to the stylolites (the one of oriented vitrinite is 0.72% and the one of migrated bitumen is 2.38%); Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in veins containing hydrocarbon fluid inclusions show an increase from 178.5℃ in the bedding parallel veins to 222℃ in the cross-cutting veins, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These results support a model of progressive heating accompanied by fluid loss during later stages of thermal maturation of source rock and the onset of primary migration. Obviously, the occurrence of organic matter is the trace of hydrocarbon primary migration, and the bedding lamination surfaces and cross-cutting fissures are the principal pathways of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids migration. Bedding lamination surfaces evolved into stylolites along the earliest primary migration pathways, followed by bedding parallel and cross-cutting fissures.     

Occurrence,thermal evolution and primary migration processes derived from studies of organic matter in the Lucaogou source rock at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin,NW China

The Lucaogou Formation carbonate-rich oil shale source rock is exposed at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. We have sampled it in detail and conducted microstructural, mineralogical and geochemical studies, including thin section petrography, UV fluorescence petrography, X-ray diffraction, vitrinite reflectance, bitumen reflectance, fluid inclusion analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Organic matter is disseminated through the carbonate-bearing siltstone source rocks and concentrated in numerous bedding parallel stylolites and in two sets of carbonate veins, one along bedding parallel fractures and the other cross-cutting stylolites and bedding. The research about maturity of organic matter finds vitrinite reflectance values increase from the dispersed kerogen (0.64%) to the stylolites (the one of oriented vitrinite is 0.72% and the one of migrated bitumen is 2.38%); Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in veins containing hydrocarbon fluid inclusions show an increase from 178.5°C in the bedding parallel veins to 222°C in the cross-cutting veins, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These results support a model of progressive heating accompanied by fluid loss during later stages of thermal maturation of source rock and the onset of primary migration. Obviously, the occurrence of organic matter is the trace of hydrocarbon primary migration, and the bedding lamination surfaces and cross-cutting fissures are the principal pathways of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids migration. Bedding lamination surfaces evolved into stylolites along the earliest primary migration pathways, followed by bedding parallel and cross-cutting fissures.     

河南小秦岭杨砦峪金矿床成矿流体特征

河南省杨砦峪金矿床位于华北克拉通南缘,是小秦岭地区大型的石英脉型金矿床。据野外观察,成矿过程经历了4个阶段：Ⅰ黄铁矿-石英脉阶段;Ⅱ石英-黄铁矿阶段;Ⅲ石英-多金属硫化物阶段;Ⅳ石英-碳酸盐阶段。包裹体岩相学、显微测温以及激光拉曼显微探针研究显示,该矿床为CO₂-H₂O-NaCl±CH₄流体体系,并且发生不混溶。从第Ⅰ成矿阶段到Ⅳ成矿阶段,流体包裹体的均一温度范围分别是307~407℃,270~320℃,225~272℃和166~226℃,呈现逐步降低的趋势;盐度w（NaCl_eq）平均值分别为7.3%,7.1%,9.0% 和6.4%。各阶段成矿压力为120~178 MPa,85~140 MPa,75~130 MPa和60~122 MPa,呈现逐渐降低的趋势。流体不混溶作用是导致杨砦峪矿质沉淀的重要原因,其诱因可能与控矿断裂由压扭转为张扭所导致的构造减压有关。     

矽卡岩岩浆对中国北方某些矽卡岩型矿床形成的制约——来自包裹体激光拉曼分析证据

本文将报道中国北方主要矽卡岩型矿床矿物熔融包裹体和流体-熔融包裹体的激光拉曼分析结果。研究目的是确认这些矿化矽卡岩矿物是否含熔融包裹体和流体-熔融包裹体,获取有关它们相态特征和相组成以及它们的分布状况(是局部的、偶然性的,还是广泛的)的信息。文章对邯邢铁矿、蒙库铁矿和杨家杖子钼矿等9个矿床12块标本中石榴石、辉石和方解石或白云石中23个包裹体进行了共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪分析。拉曼分析结果表明,所研究的矽卡岩矿物均含熔融包裹体和/或流体-熔融包裹体,它们是岩浆矽卡岩的直接证据。结合本文激光拉曼分析结果、地质背景和其他地区岩浆矽卡岩矿物包裹体测温学研究,对所研究矽卡岩的形成机制和岩浆矽卡岩对中国北方某些矽卡岩型矿床的制约进行了讨论。认为含有熔融包裹体和/或流体-熔融包裹体的矿化矽卡岩系岩浆成因,其分布范围广泛,规模不小。中国北方某些矽卡岩型矿床的时空分布和规模受控于该地区分布的岩浆矽卡岩。希望本文有助于拓宽矽卡岩型矿床成矿规律研究和深部找矿勘探的思路。