卧龙湖煤矿岩浆蚀变煤层中汞的分布与赋存特征

系统采集淮北卧龙湖煤矿岩浆蚀变煤层中岩浆岩、煤及顶底板岩石样品,测试分析了样品中汞、灰分、挥发分、水 分以及各形态硫的含量,探讨了岩浆蚀变煤层中汞的分布与赋存特征。结果表明：（1） 岩浆侵入导致煤中灰分升高,挥发 分降低,煤中硫主要以黄铁矿硫和有机硫存在;（2） 岩浆侵入导致煤中汞的富集,卧龙湖煤矿岩浆蚀变煤层中汞的平均含 量高达0.23×10-6,是华北石炭-二叠纪煤、中国煤以及美国煤中汞的平均含量的1.4 倍,1.2 倍和1.3 倍;（3） 煤中汞的含量 随离岩浆侵入体距离增大有逐渐降低的趋势,但在煤岩接触带附近,汞在岩浆侵入体上方和下方的煤中呈现不同的分布特 征;（4） 煤中的汞主要以无机结合态的形式存在,且大部分赋存在煤中的黄铁矿中,同时亦存在与有机硫结合的汞。岩浆 热液对煤层的侵入,导致煤质以及煤中汞的含量和赋存方式发生了显著变化。     

Composition and quality of coals in the Huaibei Coalfield, Anhui, China

The Huaibei Coalfield, Anhui Province, China, is one of the largest coalfields in China. The coals of Permian age are used mainly for power generation. Coal compositions and 47 trace elements of the No. 10 Coal of the Shanxi Formation, the No. 7, 5, and 4 Coals of the Lower Shihezi Formation, and the No. 3 Coal of the Upper Shihezi Formation from the Huaibei Coalfield were studied. The results indicate that the Huaibei coals have low ash, moisture, and sulfur contents, but high volatile matter and calorific value. The ash yield increases stratigraphically upwards, but the volatile matter and total sulfur contents show a slight decrease from the lower to upper seams. Magmatic intrusion into the No. 5 Coal resulted in high ash, volatile matter, and calorific value, but low moisture value in the coal. Among the studied 47 trace elements, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Th, U, V, and Zn are of environmental concerns. Four elements Hg, Mo, Zn, and Sb are clearly enriched in the coals as compared with the upper continental crust.     

Geochemistry of environmentally sensitive trace elements in Permian coals from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China

To study the geochemical characteristics of 11 environmentally sensitive trace elements in the coals of the Permian Period from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui province, China, borehole samples of 336 coals, two partings, and four roof and floor mudstones were collected from mineable coal seams. Major elements and selected trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HAAS). The depositional environment, abundances, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements were investigated. Results show that clay and carbonate minerals are the principal inorganic constituents in the coals. A lower deltaic plain, where fluvial channel systems developed successively, was the likely depositional environment of the Permian coals in the Huainan coalfield. All major elements have wider variation ranges than those of Chinese coals except for Mg and Fe. The contents of Cr, Co, Ni, and Se are higher than their averages for Chinese coals and world coals. Vertical variations of trace elements in different formations are not significant except for B and Ba. Certain roof and partings are distinctly higher in trace elements than underlying coal bench samples. The modes of occurrence of trace elements vary in different coal seams as a result of different coal-forming environments. Vanadium, Cr, and Th are associated with aluminosilicate minerals, Ba with carbonate minerals, and Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Pb mainly with sulfide minerals.     

煤炭产业经济走势及煤炭企业对策研究

煤基固体废弃物的清洁利用是矿区生态建设亟待解决的问题,重金属的结构形态是煤基固废清洁利用的关键。以安徽淮南矿区潘一矿煤矸石、粉煤灰为研究对象,利用XRF、XRD、SEM和FTIR等微区方法对煤基固废进行表征分析,探讨其精细化学结构及重金属嵌布方式,并结合RAC(Risk Assessment Code)生态风险评价对重金属潜在风险进行评估。结果表明,煤矸石主要粒径以黏粒(0~5 μm)和粗粉砂(10~50 μm)为主,粒度不规则,空间分布间距较大,主要矿物为石英(SiO₂),IR谱线辅助验证了AlO₄和SiO₄的弯曲振动。粉煤灰粒径以粗粉砂(10~50 μm)和砂砾石(50~250 μm)为主,表面以球状包裹体和多孔颗粒组成,粒径大小不一,主要矿物相是莫来石(Al₆Si₂O₁₃),IR谱线发现其存在有机硅Si-O-Si对称伸缩和反对称伸缩。煤矸石中Ni、Pb以有机结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,Cr、Cd、As的赋存形态主要是残渣态;粉煤灰中As主要以残渣态和有机结合态存在,其余重金属元素均以残渣态存在。RAC生态风险评价结果表明,煤矸石和粉煤灰中Cr、As属于低风险水平,其余重金属均无风险。研究结果对煤基固废资源化利用及矿区生态环境保护具有重要的现实意义。

     

Significant Mercury Isotope Anomalies in Hydrothermal Altered Coals from the Huaibei Coalfield, China

正Objective Igneous intrusion into coal-bearing strata can cause an abrupt increase of temperature-pressure and trigger hydrothermal circulation at the igneous rock-coal contact zone.The conductive heat of intruded magma and convective migration of secondary hydrothermal fluids have been observed to significantly alter the     

淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素

为研究淮北临涣矿采煤沉陷区不同水体的补给水源及溶质来源,在现场调查的基础上,系统采集丰水期、平水期、枯水期沉陷区积水、地表河水和浅层地下水样进行测试分析,采用Piper三线图、Gibbs图和因子分析方法,对不同水体水化学特征及其影响因素进行讨论.结果表明:地表水水体总溶解性固体(TDS)质量浓度表现为枯水期丰水期平水期,浅层地下水表现为枯水期平水期丰水期,地表水TDS质量浓度明显高于浅层地下水.地表水中主要阴阳离子为Na~+、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-),水化学类型主要为SO_4~(2-)-Cl~--Na~+型;浅层地下水离子以HCO_3~-、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)为主,表现为HCO_3~--Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)型.结合Gibbs图和因子分析可知,地表水受蒸发作用、地表径流以及采煤活动等因素影响,浅层地下水在一定程度上体现出大气降水和地表水补给的特点,受岩石风化作用影响较为明显.     

非稳沉采煤沉陷区沉积物-水体界面的氮、磷分布及迁移转化特征

以淮南后湖非稳沉采煤沉陷区沉积物-水体界面为研究对象,分析该湖未开发区(A区)、水产养殖区(B区)和水生蔬菜种植区(C区)3个功能区上覆水-间隙水-沉积物体系中氮、磷分布及其迁移特征.结果表明,氮、磷在不同水体界面的分布差异较大.其中上覆水中氮、磷浓度表现为A区B区C区;间隙水中氮、磷分布差异不显著,然而各功能区间隙水的氮、磷浓度明显高于上覆水,氮、磷主要由间隙水向上覆水中移动;沉积物中氮、磷含量以C区最高.后湖采煤沉陷区水体表现出氮污染、磷限制的现象.     

Environmental geochemistry and health of fluorine in Chinese coals

Fluorine is one of the potential hazardous trace elements in coal. Fluorine may be released into atmosphere mostly during coal combustion process. When the coal is burning indoors without any controlling methods (chimney), the fluorine will pollute the room and is absorbed by food fired (dried) over stoves. Now many people have suffered from fluorosis due to coal burning indoors in Southwest China. In this paper, the concentration, distribution, mode of occurrences and impact factors of fluorine in Chinese coals are analyzed. The environmental impacts and typical features of fluorosis are studied. It is concluded that the value of fluorine in Chinese coals ranges from 20 to 300 mg/kg, and with average value of 122 mg/kg from 5,603 coal samples. It is higher than the average value of the world coals (80 mg/kg). In provincial coalfields of the SW China, the content of F is highest and many people have been affected due to coal combustion indoors.     

厚松散层下多煤层重复开采地表移动规律

为了研究厚松散层下多煤层重复开采对地表移动的影响,结合淮南矿区地质采矿条件,在分析顾桥煤矿重复开采地表移动规律的基础上,运用FLAC^3D软件建立数值模拟模型,研究了重复开采地表变形规律,并建立了地表变形参数与采动次数之间的关系模型。研究表明：厚松散层下首次开采时地表下沉系数大于1,随着采动次数的增加,松散层逐渐被压实,地表下沉系数呈现线性增大的趋势,但3次开采后松散层已经压实,下沉系数趋于稳定,不再随采动次数增加而增大;达充分采动后,地表移动盆地范围不再增大,但受到采深增大的影响,主要影响角正切、边界角与采动次数之间均呈线性增大关系。该成果为研究厚松散层重复开采地表移动规律提供了理论依据和技术参考。     

青莲岗遗址孢粉及硅藻记录的古环境变化历史

废黄河南岸的青莲岗遗址是江淮东部重要的新石器遗址,了解其古环境背景变化对于认识该遗址的发展具有重要意义。通过对青莲岗遗址考古地层的AMS ¹⁴C年代、孢粉和硅藻的综合分析,探讨了海水对该遗址的影响及水环境的变化。研究结果表明,生土层堆积后期（5.9 cal.kaB.P.以前）,孢粉中莎草科占绝对优势,伴生蒿和藜科,硅藻组合中半咸水属种为优势种,海水种破碎壳体较多,可能为水动力较强的滨海盐沼环境。新石器文化层堆积期（5.9~4.8 cal.ka B.P.）,硅藻属种中半咸水种减少,淡水底栖附生种为主要优势种,海水种硅藻破碎壳体的个数快速下降,表明此时环境逐渐稳定,海水或半咸水的影响减弱,适宜新石器先民的生产和生活。孢粉中水生、湿生草本和大型禾本科花粉增加,表明浅水水域面积增大,稻作农业开始出现。历史和近代时期（4.8 cal.ka B.P.以来）,大型禾本科花粉急剧降低,表明稻作活动基本不存在。此时,硅藻中海水种和海水种破碎壳体有所增加,表明受到海水一定程度的影响,水动力再次加强,可能与海水倒灌或古黄河的泛滥有关。