南极半岛邻近海域夏季POC分布特征及其影响因素

海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)与生物的生命过程、初级生产力关系密切,是海洋食物链中重要的物质基础和能量来源,因此POC的分布特征可以有效反映其生物地球化学环境。利用中国第33次南极考察期间(2016年12月至2017年1月)在南极半岛邻近海域采集的海水颗粒物样品,研究POC的空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,斯科舍海0—200 m的POC浓度范围为7.44—193.52μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(48.84±35.09)μg·L~(-1);南斯科舍海岭0—200 m的POC浓度范围为9.13—62.17μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(29.76±14.12)μg·L~(-1);鲍威尔海盆0—200 m的POC浓度范围为5.87—270.72μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(48.57±38.92)μg·L~(-1)。表层POC高值出现在斯科舍海区和鲍威尔海盆区,而低值出现在海岭区,与叶绿素a(Chla)的变化趋势一致,与营养盐的变化趋势相反。垂向分布上,各个区域POC平均浓度随深度的增加而减少,鲍威尔海盆和斯科舍海POC最高值都出现在25 m层。分析结果表明光合浮游植物是研究海域POC的主要来源, POC的主要影响因素为温度、水团混合以及海冰环境。斯科舍海与鲍威尔海盆整体非生命POC占比高,可能是由于高磷虾生物量、海冰碎屑以及陆源输入的干扰;南斯科舍海岭整体非生命POC占比低。     

HMT333温湿度变送器湿度示值误差测量不确定度的分析与评定

为评估湿度传感器计量业务质量,提高HMT333温湿度变送器(以下简称温湿度变送器)湿度测量结果的可信度。依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》和JJG(气象)003-2011《自动气象站湿度传感器检定规程》,对温湿度变送器各检定点湿度示值误差进行测量不确定度的分析与评定。评定得出温湿变送器湿度测量误差的扩展不确定度最大值为1.0%RH。为温湿度变送器测量结果的可靠性提供了依据,确保其量值溯源的准确可靠。     

Characteristics of particle fluxes in the Prydz Bay polynya,Eastern Antarctica

The settling of particulate carbon in seawater is a key component of the ocean carbon cycle. We deployed a set of sediment trap in the polynya of Prydz Bay from December 2010 to December 2011 to investigate the seasonal variations in particle fluxes. There was a clear seasonal variation in the particle fluxes, with maximum and minimum fluxes recorded during the summer and winter, respectively. The average total flux over the sampling period was 193.58 mg m~(-2)d~(-1), and the average fluxes of organic carbon(C_(org)), inorganic carbon(C_(inorg)), and biogenic silica(Si_(bio)) were 721.78, 28.67, and 2382.80 μmol m~(-2) d~(-1), respectively. Si_(bio)was the main contributor to the total mass flux, and strongly correlated with C_(org). The high Si_(bio)/C_(org)molar ratios(1) suggest that C_(org)was transported to deep sea in association with Si_(bio). By comparing remote sensing data of sea ice and chlorophyll in the upper water column, we found that the dynamics of carbon fluxes were closely related to changes in sea ice. Algae in sea ice may have a key role in biological pump processes in early summer. Apart from the ice algae bloom period, variations in carbon fluxes generally corresponded with phytoplankton blooms in the upper water. The ballast effect controlled the particle settling velocity and the efficiency of the biological pump. Sea ice rafts initiated the first particle export event and enhanced the particle settling efficiency during melting period. As diatoms might become less dominant in the ice-free area, sea ice loss may cause the efficiency of the biological pump efficiency to decrease over the long term.     

贵州省土壤水分传感器校准方法浅析

基于实验与计算相结合的方法,在实验室配制标准物质去检测全新的FDR型土壤水分传感器,得出被测值;利用烘干称重法测量标准物质的容积含水量,得出标准值。使用数学方法分析检验两者之间的误差,验证贵州省气象部门FDR型土壤水分传感器校准方法的可行性。结果显示：误差在（-2.5%~2.5%）的传感器占总传感器的99.4%;误差在（-2%~2%）的传感器占总传感器的97.5%;在99.7%的置信区域内,所有校准点的标准差都小于5%。结合工作实际检验,该校准方法可应用于贵州省土壤水分传感器校准。     

Environmental drivers of phytoplankton crops and taxonomic composition in northeastern Antarctic Peninsula adjacent sea area

The ecosystem of the sea region adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula is undergoing remarkable physical and biological changes, in the context of global warming. However, understanding of the dynamics of phytoplankton taxonomic composition in this marginal ice zone remains unclear. In this study, seawater samples collected from 36 stations in the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula were analyzed for nutrients and phytoplankton pigments.Combining with CHEMTAX analysis, remote sensing data, and physico...     

IGS实时服务的车载动态伪距差分定位精度分析

IGS于2013年4月正式发布针对GPS/GLONASS广播星历的实时改正数产品,进一步扩展了实时精密定位的应用领域。目前对IGS实时改正数的研究主要集中在精密单点定位、GPS气象等方面,还没有动态差分定位方面的研究。本文首先分析了IGS实时轨道和时钟改正数的精度,然后对其用于车载动态伪距差分定位的精度进行了研究。试验结果表明,IGS实时轨道精度可以达到5 cm,时钟精度在0.5 ns以内;使用IGS实时服务的车载动态伪距差分定位平面精度可以达到亚米级,高程精度优于1.5 m。     

利用高支链类异戊二烯(HBIs)重建极地海冰的研究进展

海冰的准确重建对反演气候和环境变化具有重要意义。近期研究表明,有机指标高支链类异戊二烯(HBIs)具有重建极地海冰状况的潜质,海洋沉积物中具有海冰特异性的单烯HBI(IP_(25))和双烯HBI(IPSO_(25))指标已分别成为研究北极和南极海冰变化的有力工具。本文综述了IP_(25)、IPSO_(25)的提出和验证,分析了影响HBIs生成、迁移和埋藏的诸多因素,总结了为实现精细化区分海冰状况和定量化重建海冰密集度而提出的新指标的发展及应用,并就目前存在的问题和未来研究方向进行了探讨和展望。