全文获取类型
收费全文 | 161篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4篇 |
大气科学 | 12篇 |
地球物理 | 39篇 |
地质学 | 63篇 |
海洋学 | 15篇 |
天文学 | 27篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 23篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有184条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Jamie G. Smith 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2003,85(1):91-97
The loss‐on‐ignition (LOI) technique for organic matter determination is evaluated with reference to clay‐rich, glaciolacustrine sediments. Examples of the use of LOI in glaciolacustrine literature are inconsistent in their methodology, and standardisation is called for. Problems with application of the technique to glaciolacustrine sediments stem mainly from the effects of additional weight loss due to release of structurally bound water and exposure time to ignition temperatures. Exposure time should be increased from 1 hour to 2.5 hours in the light of significant additional weight loss occurring between 2 and 2.5 hours in clay‐rich samples. The reason for this sudden increase in LOI after 2 hours (up to 86% of total LOI in some cases) appears to be the build‐up of a distinct surface crust during heating that insulates the core of the sample from ignition temperatures. Some time between 2 and 2.5 hours, the crust breaks down and exposes the sample core to ignition temperatures, increasing weight loss significantly. Overestimation of LOI due to loss of structural water is thought to be insignificant. Replicates of LOI at 550 and 1000°C in non‐calcareous, clay‐rich (>40%) sediments, show differences of <0.25%, which, for the purpose of inferring broad changes in glacier extent in lake catchments, is an acceptable error. 相似文献
3.
Using microprobe laser-desorption, laser-ionization mass spectrometry (μL2MS), we measured the distributions of alkylated and unalkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the free organic material of 20 carbonaceous chondrites. These meteorites represent a variety of meteorite classes and alteration histories, including CI, CK, CM, CO, CR, CV, and Tagish Lake. This work provides information on free organic compounds that is complementary to studies of the structure and composition of meteoritic macromolecular content.For the nine CM2 meteorites analyzed, we observe that higher relative abundances of alkylated PAHs correlate with more intense aqueous activity. We attribute this correlation to the differences in solubility and volatility between unalkylated and alkylated PAHs. Naphthalene and its alkylation series are more susceptible to the effects of aqueous exposure than the less-soluble PAH phenanthrene and its alkylated derivatives. These observations are consistent with the possibility of chromatographic separations on the meteorite parent bodies. We identify six CM2 meteorites with similar PAH distributions that may represent the original, unaltered organic composition of the parent body.Increased metamorphic intensity reduces the abundance of all PAHs. The thermally metamorphosed CK chondrites had no detectable levels of typical meteoritic PAHs. This observation might be explained either by a loss of PAHs caused by volatilization or by a significantly different organic content of the CK parent body. 相似文献
4.
Laurence Hopkinson Stephen Roberts Richard Herrington Jamie Wilkinson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1999,137(4):342-350
Silica occurs in abundance in a variety of hydrothermal samples from the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) hydrothermal mound,
26°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The water content, trace element chemistry, and mineralogy of crystalline silica from 15 different
samples have been examined by vibrational spectroscopy and probe microanalysis. The samples are from: shallow subsurface ferric
iron oxyhydroxide silica deposits (n=4), a fragment of an active white smoker chimney (n=1), anhydrite bearing hydrothermal breccias (n=2), pyrite silica breccias (n=3), and silicified wall rock breccias (n=5). Length-fast chalcedony occurs in association with variable quantities of ferric iron oxyhydroxides in hydrothermal breccias
from the mound flanks, within shallower subsurface chert samples, and within white smoker chimney walls. Samples from the
anhydrite zone contain textures which are suggestive of an origin involving replacement of anhydrite. Samples taken from TAG
1 and 5 from below the anhydrite zone contain no chalcedony. Instead they contain subhedral quartz crystals which show oscillatory
zoning in aluminium. Two types of crystalline silica namely, type A and type B quartz, are defined on the basis of the infrared
spectra in the OH region from 3200 cm−1 to 3600 cm−1. The type A quartz occurs beneath the anhydrite zone at TAG 1 and 5. We propose a model that relates specific varieties of
crystalline silica to different thermal and chemical environments within the mound interior. Length-fast chalcedony occurs
in an outer low temperature envelope across the top and sides of the mound. The common association between length-fast chalcedony
and ferric iron oxyhydroxides suggests that chalcedony crystallization is favoured where catalysis by ferric iron can occur.
The apparent suppression of fibrous silica at the expense of single quartz crystals with increasing depth is attributed to
differing growth rates and degrees of supersaturation of silica-bearing solutions with increasing temperature within the mound.
The transition from type A to type B single crystal growth is interpreted to occur at temperatures approaching ˜360 °C due
to decreasing solubility of aluminium in quartz, so that aluminium is rendered unavailable for type A valence compensation.
Received: 10 September 1998 / Accepted: 6 July 1999 相似文献
5.
Porites corals as recorders of mining and environmental impacts: Misima Island, Papua New Guinea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stewart J. Fallon Jamie C. White†Malcolm T. McCulloch 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(1):45-62
In 1989 open-cut gold mining commenced on Misima Island in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Open-cut mining by its nature causes a significant increase in sedimentation via the exposure of soils to the erosive forces of rain and runoff. This increased sedimentation affected the nearby fringing coral reef to varying degrees, ranging from coral mortality (smothering) to relatively minor short-term impacts. The sediment associated with the mining operation consists of weathered quartz feldspar, greenstone, and schist. These rocks have distinct chemical characteristics (rare earth element patterns and high abundances of manganese, zinc, and lead) and are entering the near-shore environment in considerably higher than normal concentrations. Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), we analyzed eight colonies (two from high sedimentation, two transitional, two minor, and two unaffected control sites) for Y, La, Ce, Mn, Zn, and Pb. All sites show low steady background levels prior to the commencement of mining in 1988. Subsequently, all sites apart from the control show dramatic increases of Y, La, and Ce associated with the increased sedimentation as well as rapid decreases following the cessation of mining. The elements Zn and Pb exhibit a different behavior, increasing in concentration after 1989 when ore processing began and one year after initial mining operations. Elevated levels of Zn and Pb in corals has continued well after the cessation of mining, indicating ongoing transport into the reef of these metals via sulfate-rich waters. Rare earth element (REE) abundance patterns measured in two corals show significant differences compared to Coral Sea seawater. The corals display enrichments in the light and middle REEs while the heavy REEs are depleted relative to the seawater pattern. This suggests that the nearshore seawater REE pattern is dominated by island sedimentation. Trace element abundances of Misima Island corals clearly record the dramatic changes in the environmental conditions at this site and provide a basis for identifying anthropogenic influences on corals reefs. 相似文献
6.
西藏恰功铁矿岩浆演化序列及斑岩出溶流体特征 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
谢玉玲 李应栩 Zhaoshan CHANG David R. COOKE Chris G. RYAN Jamie LAIRD 白劲松 刘云飞 李光明 张丽 《地质学报》2009,83(12):1869-1886
冈底斯成矿带是碰撞造山过程形成的最重要的成矿带,恰功矽卡岩铁(铜)矿床即位于冈底斯成矿带中部.本文在详细的野外地质填图和室内研究基础上确定了恰功铁矿与成矿有关的斑岩体为二长花岗斑岩,锆石的U-Pb定年结果为68.8±2.2 Ma,明显早于冈底斯东部与后碰撞伸展有关的斑岩型矿床和主碰撞期形成的矽卡岩型矿床,其应代表了冈底斯一次尚未被充分认识到的成矿事件.通过对成矿斑岩的岩石学、岩石化学、岩浆出溶流体的包裹体岩相学、显微测温分析及包裹体成分的LRM、LA-ICP-MS和PIXE分析,本文探讨了与该矽卡岩矿床有关的斑岩的岩浆起源、斑岩侵位机制及出溶流体特征.结果表明,成矿斑岩为矿区最早的侵入岩单元,具有壳幔源混源特征,其常量元素组成与冈底斯东部斑岩铜矿带的埃达克质岩相近,但稀土和微量元素组成与东部斑岩明显不同,为地幔物质上涌并诱发角闪岩相下地壳熔融的产物,岩体侵位深度大(>7 km)、剥蚀程度高.早期岩浆出溶的流体为高温、高压、高盐度流体,其中富含Fe、Pb、Zn、Cu等成矿金属,与世界其他斑岩铜矿床相比,相对富铁、铅而贫铜.流体的沸腾作用发生于钾硅化阶段,形成了一套富气、高盐、高固相和气液包裹体组合,不同于早期出溶流体的包裹体组合.从岩浆起源和出溶流体性质可以看出,该斑岩具有形成与斑岩有关的铁铅多金属矿床的成矿潜力,但从该矿区地表出露的蚀变和包裹体测压结果可以看出,该斑岩体目前剥蚀深度较大,对斑岩型矿床保存不利,对该斑岩体及与成矿关系的认识对理解该区内的矿床成因和指导区域找矿具有重要的指示意义. 相似文献
7.
Stuart Orr Jamie Pittock Ashok Chapagain David Dumaresq 《Global Environmental Change》2012,22(4):925-932
Proposed dam construction in the Lower Mekong Basin will considerably reduce fish catch and place heightened demands on the resources necessary to replace lost protein and calories. Additional land and water required to replace lost fish protein with livestock products are modelled using land and water footprint methods. Two main scenarios cover projections of these increased demands and enable the specific impact from the main stem dam proposals to be considered in the context of basin-wide hydropower development. Scenario 1 models 11 main stem dams and estimates a 4–7% increase overall in water use for food production, with much higher estimations for countries entirely within the Basin: Cambodia (29–64%) and Laos (12–24%). Land increases run to a 13–27% increase. In scenario 2, covering another 77 dams planned in the Basin by 2030 and reservoir fisheries, projections are much higher: 6–17% for water, and 19–63% for land. These are first estimates of impacts of dam development on fisheries and will be strongly mediated by cultural and economic factors. The results suggest that basic food security is potentially at a high risk of disruption and therefore basin stakeholders should be fully engaged in strategies to offset these impacts. 相似文献
8.
9.
The boundary-element method has been widely used as a design tool in the offshore and ship building industry for more than 30 years. Its application to wave energy conversion is, however, more recent. This paper deals with the numerical modelling of a free-floating sloped wave energy device. The power take-off mechanism of the device consists of an immersed tube with a piston sliding inside. The modelling is done using the boundary-element method package WAMIT. The model is first worked out for the case where the axis of the tube is vertical. It is then derived for the tube inclined and successfully verified against numerical benchmark data. A companion paper presents results of a detailed comparison with a physical model study. 相似文献
10.
Jos C. Aponte Hannah K. Woodward Neyda M. Abreu Jamie E. Elsila Jason P. Dworkin 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2019,54(2):415-430
The water‐soluble organic compounds in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites constitute a record of the synthetic reactions occurring at the birth of the solar system and those taking place during parent body alteration and may have been important for the later origins and development of life on Earth. In this present work, we have developed a novel methodology for the simultaneous analysis of the molecular distribution, compound‐specific δ13C, and enantiomeric compositions of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids (MCA) extracted from the hot‐water extracts of 16 carbonaceous chondrites from CM, CR, CO, CV, and CK groups. We observed high concentrations of meteoritic MCAs, with total carbon weight percentages which in some cases approached those of carbonates and insoluble organic matter. Moreover, we found that the concentration of MCAs in CR chondrites is higher than in the other meteorite groups, with acetic acid exhibiting the highest concentration in all samples. The abundance of MCAs decreased with increasing molecular weight and with increasing aqueous and/or thermal alteration experienced by the meteorite sample. The δ13C isotopic values of MCAs ranged from ?52 to +27‰, and aside from an inverse relationship between δ13C value and carbon straight‐chain length for C3–C6 MCAs in Murchison, the 13C‐isotopic values did not correlate with the number of carbon atoms per molecule. We also observed racemic compositions of 2‐methylbutanoic acid in CM and CR chondrites. We used this novel analytical protocol and collective data to shed new light on the prebiotic origins of chondritic MCAs. 相似文献