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1.
The relationship between the quasi-stationary planetary waves forced by topography and heat sourceduring the Northern Hemisphere winter is investigated by means of a quasi-geostrophic,34-level,sphericalcoordinate model with the Rayleigh friction,the Newtonian cooling and the horizontal eddy thermal diffu-sion.The calculated results show that when the basic flow is the westerly in the tropical stratosphere,theamplitude of quasi-stationary planetary wave for zonal wavenumber 2 at middle and high latitudes is largerduring the Northern Hemispheric winter;while when the basic flow is the easterly,it is smaller.This is inagreement with the observed results.The calculated results also show that influence of the basic flow in the tropical troposphere on the quasi-stationary planetary waves is larger than that of the basic flow in the tropical stratosphere on the quasi-stationary planetary waves.  相似文献   

2.
In this paper, the anomaly of disturbance height field over Northern Hemisphere due to SST anomaly in the tropical Atlantic Ocean is simulated by using the general circulation model of 1AP. A quasi-geostrophic, 34-level spherical coordinate model is also used to compute the distribution of atmospheric circulation anomaly when there is an anomaly of heat source over the tropical Atlantic. The computed results show that, owing to the heat source anomaly over the tropical Atlantic, the EU-pattern anomaly in the winter circulation may be caused. Namely, a ridge will be enhanced over the northwest Europe, a trough will be deepened over Siberia, but a positive anomaly of disturbance height field will be formed over the northeast China, Japan and other areas of East Asia. Moreover, the numerically simulated results show that the above-mentioned EU-pattern anomalies of circulation are due to the propagations of planetary wave train. About 15 days after an anomaly of the heat source over the tropical Atlantic is  相似文献   

3.
Using the wind data at mountain stations, gravity waves on the axis of low level jet and their relation to rain clusters have been studied by means of the spectrum method. It is found that the spectrum densities of both wind and rainfall reach their maximums at the period of 8 h and the moduli between wind and rainfall also reach the maximum in that range. Both observation and theoretical study give the same conclusion that the unstable development of gravity waves depends not only on the atmospheric stratification but also on the vertical shear of the environmental wind. The appearencc of the jet-shape vertical profile of wind is favourable for the unstable development of gravity waves. The lower the height of the axis, the larger the growth rate of amplitude.  相似文献   

4.
A linear,hemispheric and stationary spectral model with multilayers in the vertical was employed to simulate thevertical propagation of waves triggered by mountains.Results show that,in cooperation with the East Asia zonal meanflow,Tibetan Plateau can excite a strong wavenumber 1 perturbation in the stratosphere with its ridge and trough lo-cated over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans respectively.On the other hand,the stratospheric wavenumber 1 perturbationcaused by the mechanical forcing of the Rocky Mountains in cooperation with the North America zonal mean flow isvery weak.Calculations from observational data of the vertical profile of critical wavenumber for vertically propagatingwaves imply that the tropospheric wavenumber 1 perturbation can hardly penetrate the North America tropopause up-wards,whereas it can freely propagate through the East Asia tropopause into the stratosphere.Two-dimensional E-Pcross-sections obtained from both observational data and simulated results also demonstrate that waves excited by theRocky Mountains are refracted towards low latitudes in the troposphere during their upward propagation:whereas,inaddition to the above mentioned equatorward leaning branch,the wavenumber 1 and 2 planetary waves excited by theTibetan Plateau possess another branch which is refracted to high latitudes during upward propagation and penetratesthe tropopause into the stratosphere.It is therefore concluded that the difference in the horizontal and vertical wavepropagations in the two hemispheres is a result of the different dynamical forcing induced by the two main mountains inthe Northern Hemisphere.  相似文献   

5.
~~THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON AND THE SEASONAL MODALITY AND WEST EXTENDING OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH@张韧$Department of Marine Meteorology, Institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Sciences & Technology, Nanjing 211101 China @何金海$Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044 China @董兆俊$Department of Marine Meteorology, Institute of Meteorology, PLA Uni…  相似文献   

6.
In this study, in order to investigate the global climatic oscillations forced by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific, two numerical schemes with different SST distri-butions (normal and anomalous cases) are tested by using a nine-layer global spectral model. Experiment results show that (i) in northern summer, a wave train that is similar to the teleconnection pattern suggested by Nitta (1987) and Huang (1987) in the Northern Hemisphere and another one in the Southern Hemisphere are reproduced; (ii) simulated results suggest that the response of atmosphere in middle-high latitudes of both hemispheres to an anomalous heating source is more sensitive in tropical western Pacific than in equatorial central-eastern Pacific; and (iii) in northern summer, the formation of low-frequency oscillations on monthly (seasonal) time scale results from energy dispersion as well as interactions between eddies and zonal flow; and between eddies.  相似文献   

7.
By using ECMWF (2.5°×2.5°) grid data, analyzing correlation for the summer (June-August) of 1980 (the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) anomalously more to the south), 1988 (the WPSH anomalously more to the north), 1981 (normal) in the west Pacific area, distribution characteristics of the low frequency waves are discussed. The relationship between distribution of the low frequency waves and intraseasonal abnormality of the west subtropical high is also analyzed. There is some discussions:(1)If the WPSH acts anomalously in summer, there is a distinct zonal wave series in the subtropical zone of the north Pacific.(2) One of the important characteristics of the WPSH abnormality is that there are low frequency geopotential high centres from east Pacific and northeast Asia, being combined in the west Pacific area.For different circulation, the combination areas are different, which define the WSPH anomalously more to the north or south.  相似文献   

8.
A baroclinic semi-geostrophic model with evaporation-wind feedback mechanism(EWFM)and CISK is established,two non-dimensional parameters a and η are introduced to representEWFM and CISK,respectively.Analytic solutions of the model system are obtained,dynamicsanalyses and the model atmosphere calculations further confirm that EWFM and CISK are veryimportant physical processes in leading to the low-frequency oscillations in the tropics.  相似文献   

9.
Based on the baroclinic semi-geostrophic model,the effects of zonally symmetrical Ekman-CISK mechanism on the characteristics of 30—60-day low frequency oscillation(LFO)near theequator are investigated.It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with theobservational features of LFO.Besides,the planetary-scale LFO with the period of 30—60 d couldbe triggered by the Ekman-CISK mechanism,and the growth rate of perturbation with wavenumber 1 is in order of O (10~(-6)s~(-1)).The zonal propagation of LFO and the correspondinglongitudinal-height structure of physical quantities are also discussed in detail.  相似文献   

10.
By using the upper-wind data from July 1980 to June 1983,the variations of the low-frequency oscillation(LFO)in the atmosphere before and during 1982 El Nino have been investigated.Before the El Nino,the LFOpropagates from west to east over the equator of the Eastern Hemisphere and from east to west over 20°N.The eastward propagating LFO over the equator consists of zonal wavenumber 1 propagating eastward andzonal wavenumber 2 with a character of stationary wave.The oscillation of zonal wavenumber 2 can modulatethe oscillation strength.After the onset of the El Nino,the propagating directions of the LFO over the equatorand 20°N of the Eastern Hemisphere change to be westward and eastward,respectively.The LFO over thewestern Pacific weakens rapidly and one coming from middle and high latitudes propagates to the equator.From the phase compositions of streamline fields for the zonal wavenumber 1 of equatorial westward propa-gatirg LFO,it is found that the atmospheric heat source in the equator of the eastern Pacific(EEP)excites aseries of the equatorial cyclones and anticyclones which move northward and westward and form the westwardpropagating LFO over the equator.With the wavelength of 20000km,this kind of equatorial wave is similarto the mixing Rossby-gravity wave.In its westward and northward movement,the circulation in East Asiais modified.This may be the mechanism of the influence of El Nino on the climate of China.  相似文献   

11.
Using multi-resolution theory of wavelet analysis,this paper studies the multi-scale structureof surface air temperature variations for the Northern Hemisphere and China during the last onehundred years.The results show that the climatic variations for the Northern Hemisphere can bedescribed as 3 hierarchies corresponding to the larger-scale changes.They are the cold period be-fore 1919,the warm period from 1920 to 1978 and the warmer period after 1979.The larger-scalehierarchical changes obviously show qualities of climate jump.The years 1920 and 1979 are thejump points of climate change.The surface air temperature variations for China are not entirelyanalogous to the Northern Hemisphere,and the main contrasts are that China is in the cold periodafter 1955 and the jump point of warming is 1987.The surface air temperature variations for theNorthern Hemisphere and China during the last one hundred years obviously show the hierarchicalstructure of multi-scale changes and the qualities of climate jump.  相似文献   

12.
The distribution of troughs and ridges of geopotential height,the teleconnection patterns and the propagation pat-terns of stationary waves are the main features of the January mean geopotential height field at 500hPa.Data analysesand numerical experiments indicate that these three characteristics are associated to one another and closely related tothe mechanical forcing of the Rocky Mountains and Tibetan Plateau.There exists a prominent negative correlation inthe intensity variation between the American trough and the Asian trough at high and middle latitudes.Such negativecorrelation,in connection with the interannual variation of the intensity of the jets in front of the two troughs,leads tothe existence of similar teleconnection patterns in North America and East Asia.On the other hand,the different propa-gation behaviour of quasi-stationary waves downstream of the two main mountains results in a fundamental differencein the distribution of correlation chains in North America and East Asia.  相似文献   

13.
Based on ECMWF daily grid point data in summer (May—August),1981,the distributionfeatures of the source and sink of kinetic energy of atmosphere 30—60 day oscillation,including itshorizontal distribution characteristics and its vertical structure characteristics,are investigatedsystematically with diagnostic analysis methods over a latitude belt between 80°N and 60°S.Also,theprobable reasons for the existence of the source and sink of low frequency kinetic energy (LFKE) arediscussed preliminarily.Results show that the horizontal distribution of the sources and sinks ofkinetic energy of atmospheric 30—60 day oscillation is extremely different.The significant sourcesand sinks of LFKE mainly exist in the oceans and the coastal regions of continents or islands in themid-high latitudes.It is also found that,in the vertical direction,the sources and sinks of kineticenergy of 30—60 day oscillation display barotropic structure in the mid-high latitudes of bothhemispheres,but dispaly baroclinic structure in the equtorial region,and in the horizontal direction,the sources and sinks mainly display zonal wave-like distribution.The source and sink of LFKE aredeterminded by ageostrophic wind effect,frictional effect,interaction between sub-grid-scalesystems,nonlinear interaction,and the flux-divergence of LFKE transported by transient wind.There are some regional reasons for the generation of sources and sinks which are not completelyidentical in different areas.  相似文献   

14.
Based on the baroclinic semi-geostrophic model,the effects of zonally symmetrical Ekman-CISK mechanism on the characteristics of 30—60-day low frequency oscillation(LFO)near the equator are investigated.It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the observational features of LFO.Besides,the planetary-scale LFO with the period of 30—60 d could be triggered by the Ekman-CISK mechanism,and the growth rate of perturbation with wave number 1 is in order of O (10-6s-1).The zonal propagation of LFO and the correspondinglong itudinal-height structure of physical quantities are also discussed in detail.  相似文献   

15.
By using the upper-wind data from July 1980 to June 1983,the variations of the low-frequency oscillation(LFO) in the atmosphere before and during 1982 El Nino have been investigated.Before the El Nino,the LFO propagates from west to east over the equator of the Eastern Hemisphere and from east to west over 20°N.The eastward propagating LFO over the equator consists of zonal wavenumber 1 propagating eastward and zonal wavenumber 2 with a character of stationary wave.The oscillation of zonal wavenumber 2 can modulate the oscillation strength.After the onset of the El Nino,the propagating directions of the LFO over the equator and 20°N of the Eastern Hemisphere change to be westward and eastward,respectively.The LFO over the western Pacific weakens rapidly and one coming from middle and high latitudes propagates to the equator.From the phase compositions of streamline fields for the zonal wavenumber 1 of equatorial westward propagatirg LFO,it is found that the atmospheric heat source in the equator of the eastern Pacific(EEP)excites a series of the equatorial cyclones and anticyclones which move northward and westward and form the westward propagating LFO over the equator.With the wavelength of 20000km,this kind of equatorial wave is similar to the mixing Rossby-gravity wave.In its westward and northward movement,the circulation in East Asia is modified.This may be the mechanism of the influence of El Nino on the climate of China.  相似文献   

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