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1.
采用回归相关方法,分析1960~2011年广东省沿海5个海洋站的年平均海面温度(SST)变化的特点,结果发现:1)广东沿海的年平均SST呈准同步变化;2)年平均SST呈显著上升趋势,近52年平均上升率为0.019℃/年;3)广东沿海SST与广东陆地气温呈准同步变化趋势.  相似文献   

2.
    
This paper investigates the processes behind the double ITCZ phenomenon, a common problem in Coupled ocean-atmosphere General Circulation Models (CGCMs), using a CGCM-FGCM-0 (Flexible General Circulation Model, version 0). The double ITCZ mode develops rapidly during the first two years of the integration and becomes a perennial phenomenon afterwards in the model. By way of Singular ValueDecomposition (SVD) for SST, sea surface pressure, and sea surface wind, some air-sea interactions are analyzed. These interactions prompt the anomalous signals that appear at the beginning of the coupling to develop rapidly. There are two possible reasons, proved by sensitivity experiments: (1) the overestimatedeast-west gradient of SST in the equatorial Pacific in the ocean spin-up process, and (2) the underestimatedamount of low-level stratus over the Peruvian coast in CCM3 (the Community Climate Model, VersionThree). The overestimated east-west gradient of SST brings the anomalous equatorial easterly. The anomalous easterly, affected by the Coriolis force in the Southern Hemisphere, turns into an anomalouswesterly in a broad area south of the equator and is enhanced by atmospheric anomalous circulationdue to the underestimated amount of low-level stratus over the Peruvian coast simulated by CCM3. Theanomalous westerly leads to anomalous warm advection that makes the SST warm in the southeast Pacific.The double ITCZ phenomenon in the CGCM is a result of a series of nonlocal and nonlinear adjustmentprocesses in the coupled system, which can be traced to the uncoupled models, oceanic component, andatmospheric component. The zonal gradient of the equatorial SST is too large in the ocean componentand the amount of low-level stratus over the Peruvian coast is too low in the atmosphere component.  相似文献   

3.
切变流中的CISK机制与惯性重力波   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用板对称,有切变的大气动力学方程组,由行波法导出非线性微分方程,通过非线性稳定性理论讨论方程的稳定性,求解了KDV方程,并讨论了线性CISK,非线性CISK,惯性稳定度参数和大气风速垂切变对惯性重力孤波强度和宽度的影响,目的早通过了解影响惯性重力孤波发展的因子,更深入地理解低纬中尺度天气系统形成和发展的过程。  相似文献   

4.
东亚冬季风对秋、冬季SSTA响应的数值试验   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
利用NCAR CCM2模式,通过设计多组数值试验方案,研究了东亚冬季风对赤道中东太平洋、中纬度太平洋秋、冬季SSTA的响应。模拟结果表明,东亚冬季风对秋、冬季太平洋SSTA均存在一定的响应,但冬季风对SSTA的响应存在显著的季节和海域差异,并表现出不同的异常响应形态。东亚冬季风对秋季SSTA的显著响应区域位于中纬度太平洋地区,该区域的SST的持续异常,可以引起欧亚、北美地区冬季大气环流的异常,并伴随有明显的EU型和PNA型波列特征,秋季中纬度太平洋SST持续异常偏冷(暖),能够引起有利于强(弱)东亚冬季风的环流异常。而冬季风对冬季SSTA的响应则为赤道中东太平洋和中纬度太平洋SSTA共同作用的结果,在两个区域SSTA的同时强迫下,大气环流表现出类似PNA及WP型波列分布的异常响应特征,赤道中东太平洋的正(负)的SSTA及中纬度太平洋负(正)的SSTA,将导致弱(强)冬季风的发生。  相似文献   

5.
6.
The relationships between the 200-hPa westerly jet stream anomalies over the East Asian coastal water- western Pacific(WPJS),and the oceanic surface heating and synoptic-scale transient eddy(STE)activity anomalies over the North Pacific in wintertime are examined by using ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.The analysis demonstrates that the surface heating and the STE anomalies have different patterns, corresponding to the three WPJS anomalous modes,respectively.In the first WPJS anomalous mode,the WPJS main part shows no robust anomaly.The anomalous westerly wind,occurring over the mid-latitude central-eastern Pacific past the date line is associated with the anomalous heating presenting both in the tropical central-eastern Pacific past the date line and the center of the North Pacific basin.Meanwhile,the STE anomaly appears around the region of the anomalous zonal wind.The fluctuation in jet strength shown in the second WPJS mode is strongly related to the heating anomaly in the Kuroshio Current region and the STE anomaly in the jet exit region.The third mode demonstrates a northward/southward shift of the WPJS,which has a statistical connection with a south-north dipolar pattern of the heating anomaly in the western North Pacific separated at 35°N.Meanwhile,the STE spatial displacement is in conjunction with jet shifts in the same direction.The heating anomaly has a close connection with the atmospheric circulation, and thus changes the mid-latitude baroclinicity,leading to the STE anomaly,which then reinforces the WPJS anomaly via internal atmospheric dynamics.  相似文献   

7.
南海夏季风爆发与海温和大气对流的低频变化   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
根据云顶黑体温度(TBB)相位变化并参考西沙站海面温度(SST)状况确定了南海夏季风爆发时间,分析研究了与夏季风爆发时间和强度有关的TBB和SST变化过程,结果表明:南海夏季风爆发平均时间是5月第4候,爆发的时间和强度有显著的年际变化,爆发期间的海气状况与大气的低频振荡密切相关。夏季风爆发早年(5月第2候),大气对流活动较强,西南风较强,海温下降我年(6月第1候)情况则相反;它爆发的强度还与爆发期  相似文献   

8.
    
It is well known that retrieval of parameters is usually ill-posed and highly nonlinear, so parameter retrieval problems are very difficult. There are still many important theoretical issues under research, although great success has been achieved in data assimilation in meteorology and oceanography. This paper reviews the recent research on parameter retrieval, especially that of the authors. First, some concepts and issues of parameter retrieval are introduced and the state-of-the-art parameter retrieval technology in meteorology and oceanography is reviewed briefly, and then atmospheric and oceanic parameters are retrieved using the variational data assimilation method combined with the regularization techniques in four examples: retrieval of the vertical eddy diffusion coefficient; of the turbulivity of the atmospheric boundary layer; of wind from Doppler radar data, and of the physical process parameters. Model parameter retrieval with global and local observations is also introduced.  相似文献   

9.
10.
2021 年冬季(2021 年12 月—2022 年2 月)大气环流特征为:北半球极涡呈多极型分布,中高纬环流呈3 波型分布。位势高度距平场显示,东亚中纬度地区处于正距平区,西伯利亚脊偏强,而东亚大槽较常年同期偏弱,冷空气活动偏少、强度偏强。我国近海出现了 8 次 8 级以上大风过程, 其中冷空气大风过程4 次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程3 次,冷空气和台风共同影响的大风过程1 次。我国近海未出现大范围的海雾过程。西北太平洋和南海共生成 2 个热带气旋,且均达到超强台风级,其中 2122 号台风“雷伊”是历史上 12 月在南海海域达到超强台风级的 2 个台风之一,也是历史上直接袭击南沙群岛的最强台风,还是影响南海最晚的超强台风。另外,全球其他海域共生成热带气旋14 个。我国近海出现2. 0 m 以上大浪过程的天数有56 d,约占冬季总日数的62%。冬季,我国近海海域呈明显降温趋势,北部海域的降温幅度明显大于南部海域,冬季海面温度较常年整体偏高。  相似文献   

11.
    
Consideration of the dependence of various components of the sea-surface heat and momentum fluxes on sea surface temperature (SST) leads to an explanation for the observed reduction in the horizontal temperature gradients in the uppermost layer of the ocean (a few to 10 m in depth). Horizontal temperature gradients within the mixed layer can be masked by a near-surface layer of warm water. This camouflage of horizontal temperature gradients has importance for the remote sensing of SST used by the fishing industry, for the estimation of acoustic transmission, and for the forecasting of hurricane development, among many uses of SST data. Diurnal warming conditions in the Straits of Florida are examined by a simulation calculation and by analysis of observations obtained on moorings deployed on the south-east Florida shelf. When there is net heating (i.e., the solar input is stronger than the combined latent, sensible and longwave radiative heat losses) the originally warmer water experiences less heating than the colder water, leading to a weakening of the horizontal SST gradients as seen by surface buoys or satellites. The warmer water also experiences more mixing and therefore less increase in temperature. The strongest effect of the diurnal heating on wind stress occurs when the SST starts out cooler than the air temperature and the atmosphere is stably stratified. Diurnal warming can then rapidly increase the SST above the air temperature because of reduced wind stress and reduced upper-ocean mixing. After that the wind stress increases as convectively driven turbulence contributes to the atmospheric exchange.  相似文献   

12.
刘磊  费建芳  林霄沛 《大气科学》2011,35(3):444-456
西北太平洋是全球唯一一年四季都有热带气旋生成的海域,同时,我国沿海紧临该海域,是受热带气旋影响最为严重的国家之一.本文通过建立海气耦合模式,以西北太平洋西边界流系源区为研究区域,通过对\"格美\"台风的数值模拟结果分析,研究海气相互作用对热带气旋发展的影响,对提高台风的数值模拟及预报水平有重要意义.研究表明:耦合作用引起的...  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Recent advances in land data assimilation have yielded variational smoother techniques designed to solve the surface energy balance based on remote observations of surface radiometric temperature. These approaches have a number of potential advantages over existing diagnostic models, including the ability to make energy flux predictions between observation times and reduced requirements for ancillary parameter estimation. Here, the performance of a recently developed variational smoother approach is examined in detail over a range of vegetative and hydrological conditions in the southern U.S.A. during the middle part of the growing season. Smoother results are compared with flux tower observations and energy balance predictions obtained from the two-source energy balance model (TSM). The variational approach demonstrates promise for flux retrievals at dry and lightly vegetated sites. However, results suggest that the simultaneous retrieval of both evaporative fraction and turbulent transfer coefficients by the variational approach will be difficult for wet and/or heavily vegetated land surfaces. Additional land surface information (e.g. leaf area index (LAI) or the rough specification of evaporative fraction bounds) will be required to ensure robust predictions under such conditions. The single-source nature of the variational approach also hampers the physical interpretation of turbulent transfer coefficient retrievals. Intercomparisons between energy flux predictions from the variational approach and the purely diagnostic TSM demonstrate that the relative accuracy of each approach is contingent on surface conditions and the accuracy with which LAI values required by the TSM can be estimated.  相似文献   

14.
介绍了国家气候中心第二代海洋资料同化系统(BCC_GODAS2.0)所用的模式和同化方案,并设计了两个试验对同化系统的效果和稳定性进行检验:一个是加入GTSPP资料的1990—2008年19 a的同化试验,另一个是同时段内不加任何资料的模拟试验。利用OISST和SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)数据集对试验结果进行评估。评估结果表明,加入GTSPP资料的同化结果可以有效改进原模式对温度和盐度的模拟。在表层,整个海洋的温度和盐度场误差都有所减小,其中热带太平洋的改进效果最为明显;此外,同化结果能更好地反映Nino3和Nino4区海表温度的时间演变。垂直层次上的修正效果也很明显,在200 m左右的混合层效果改进最好,温度的均方根误差可减小1.5℃,盐度的均方根误差可减小0.6 psu。  相似文献   

15.
近百年中国近海海温变化   总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23  
使用Hadley中心1901~2004年1°×1°海表温度(SST)资料,在渤海、黄海、东海和南海选择代表区域研究中国近海海温的长期变化.研究发现,近100年多来各海区呈增温趋势,20世纪80年代以后增暖明显,90年代至今最暖.渤、黄、东海年平均和1月海温、东海7月海温变化基本呈阶梯型,20世纪初至30年代冷、50年代较暖、60年代略有下降,80年代上升;7月渤、黄海海温呈2波型,20世纪第一个10年和80年代冷,30~50年代和90年代暖;南海20世纪初至70年代海温变化不显著.除东海年平均海温外,各海区年、季海温均具有2~4年的显著变化周期和准7年的变化周期.  相似文献   

16.
利用潍坊市丘陵、平原、沿海三种下垫面地区自有气象记录以来冬季(12-2月)平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温等资料,对潍坊市不同下垫面地区近50年的冬季气温变化特征作了较全面的分析,结果表明:20世纪50-60年代为偏冷期,70-80年代为振荡期,90年代以来为偏暖期;冬季和冬季各月气温有增温趋势,特别是平均最低气温升高最显著;统计潍坊市的冷、暖冬年,发现:潍坊市暖冬年冬季海平面气压为负距平,东亚500hPa位势高度为正距平,西太平洋海温为正距平。  相似文献   

17.
广东省沿海城市热岛特征分析   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
曾侠  钱光明  陈特固  张江勇  余克服 《气象》2006,32(11):94-97
利用广东省沿海地带气象站、海洋站观测的1960-2003年气温资料,以5个无热岛效应影响的海岛站气温为参照,分析了近44年沿海18个气象站受城市热岛影响的程度,得出台山、珠海、汕尾、惠阳气象站的热岛影响可以忽略不计,其余14个站不同程度地受热岛影响。受热岛影响的气象站近10年平均热岛强度为0.4~0.8℃、近30~50年间年平均气温升温率较参照站增加0.1℃/10a~0.3℃/10a。  相似文献   

18.
西太平洋暖池区的海气通量及整体交换系数   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
根据西太平洋海域弱风、高温、潮湿的大气状态特征,提出了在光滑面存在粘性副层气流中的廓线的层结订正方案。用此模式对西太平洋暖池区TOGACOAREIOP期间,在向阳红5号船(2°S,154°E)获取的海面风、温、湿梯度资料进行了处理。计算结果显示西太平洋暖池区贴水层气流中不稳定层结占50%-80%,其中很不稳定的占10.3%;该海区海气通量和整体交换系数受层结影响远大于受风速的影响;海气通量和整体交换系数随不稳定程度增加而增大,在相同风速下量值可相差4倍以上;其变化范围为0.3×10-3—3.2×10-3。由此可见,层结的影响使它们的变化大于其它海区的结果。在u10=0-10m/s范围内,中性化整体交换系数平均为CDN=1.2×10-3,CHN=1.14×10-3,CEN=1.19×10-3,与Large和Pond(1981,1982)不稳定条件的研究结果相差无几。  相似文献   

19.
With the marine ship observation data set obtained by three cruise-phases of Chinese Xi-angyanghong 5 from November 5,1992 to February 19,1993 in the TOGA-COARE IOP at 2°S,156°E.the sea surface fluxes at this point are estimated by three different bulk schemes.Firstly.aquasi-linear relation is found between the neutral drag coefficients and wind speed.Then,the sta-bility-dependent drag and heat transfer coefficients are solved in the iterative method.Based onthus-derived transfer coefficients,the momentum,sensible and latent heat fluxes are calculated.In the warm pool region,the fluxes corresponding to the westeily winds are much greater thanthose of the easterly trade winds.The magnitude of sea surface fluxes depends upon the atmo-spheric stability as well,in particular in the case of weak wind condition.The estimated sea sur-face net heat budget shows that considerable amount of heat transport from ocean to atmosphere ismainly produced by the effective longwave radiation,latent and sensible heat fluxes.Among themthe value of latent heat flux is the largest and the sensible heat flux is the smallest.Finally,an ac-curacy analysis is made by direct measurements with the eddy-correlation method on the JapaneseR/V Hakuho board at the same time.It is shown that the bulk-derived fluxes are acceptable withmuch confidence.The estimated effective longwave radiation is used to compare with those by di-rect observations on Xiangyanghong 5.This research is compared with TOGA investigation in thetropical western Pacific.  相似文献   

20.
根据近海深度浅、热容量小的特点,建立了一个一维能量平衡模式,对东中国海年平均海温进行了模拟。模式较好地模拟出了平均海温的经向分布与纬向分布情况,结果与观测基本相符。同时还检验了模式对海温年际变化的模拟能力,得到了较好的结果。最后简要分析了能量平衡模式应用在近海上的优缺点。  相似文献   

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