多因素严重干扰区成矿围岩蚀变信息的计算机图像处理──以加拿大西北某地找金实践为例

本文从分析ＴＭ各波段图像信息特征入手，在冰雪和植被等环境因素干扰严重的地区，试验应用了图像掩膜、波段比值、主成分分析等技术，成功地从ＴＭ图像中提取了与金成矿有关的蚀变围岩信息。在此基础上，进一步研究了蚀变与断裂构造和围岩类型的关系，确定了金矿找矿远景区。     

多因素严重干扰区成矿围岩蚀变信息的计算机图像处理：以加拿大西北某地找？

本文分析了ＴＭ各波段图像信息特征入手，在冰雪和植等环境因素干扰严重的地区，试验应用了图像掩膜，波段比值，主成分分析等技术，成功地从ＴＭ图像中提取了与金成矿有关的蚀变围岩信息，在此基础上，进一步研究了蚀变与断裂构造和围岩类型的关系，确定了金矿矿远景区。     

遥感探测微细粒浸染型金矿蚀变信息的应用研究—以黔桂交界地区为例

从微细粒浸染型金矿蚀变岩的光谱信息与地球化学因子的关系出发，探讨了ＴＭ波段数据反映蚀变岩成分的情况。研究结果表明，ＴＭ波段比值不仅能反映蚀变岩成分，而且还能降低波段之间的相关性。采用ＴＭ卫星数据经图像处理的办法，可直接提取出与金矿有关的褐铁矿化、粘土化、碳酸盐化，地植物异常的遥感信息。对经过研究圈定的几个异常取样进行测金分析检验结果表明，它们都有金矿化，最高品位达８．９８ｇ／ｔ。     

基于ETM+影像的西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区海洋性冰川信息提取

西藏墨脱高等级公路方案线穿越冰川作用强烈的南迦巴瓦峰地区, 为查明该区冰川活动对公路工程的影响, 以ETM⁺为信息源, 以图像统计量为基础, 运用遥感数字图像处理技术, 对该区冰川进行了图像光谱信息提取与分析.冰川在 TM5、7 波段光谱值范围窄, 且冰碛与冰雪有明显的光谱差异, 是冰川信息提取的有利波段. 包含TM5、7的多波段图像K—L变换的最后主组分是TM5、7的差值图像, 主要反映的是图像中的冰川信息.这种基于图像变换、信息分离提取冰川信息的方法, 在西藏墨脱高等级公路工程勘察中取得了较好的应用效果.     

甘肃北山南带岩(矿)石波谱特征的初步研究

依据前人有关资料,初步研究总结了甘肃北山南带主要岩（矿）石反射波谱曲线特征及地质意义,探讨区内与金矿化密切相关的岩石、构造及热流蚀变带在遥感图像上的主要特征及解译标志,指出该地区ＴＭ图像彩色合成最佳波段组合模式为：ＴＭ７（红）＋ＴＭ５（绿）＋ＴＭ４（蓝）,为进行图像功能处理和计算机提取蚀变信息等遥感技术方法的应用研究提供了依据     

用陆地卫星TM数据区分硫酸盐、碳酸盐及含水硅酸盐矿物

对两个地区（一个是半干旱的昆士兰，另一个是干旱的西奈）获取的陆地卫星ＴＭ数据对地质填图及工业矿产勘查的贡献进行了评价。每种情况均是用波段比值及其它标准技术进行数据分析。含水硅酸盐、碳酸盐及硫酸盐矿物作为一组矿物，可以通过它们在ＴＭ７波段上的吸收特征而与其它矿物区分开。然后用对数剩余值技术将ＴＭ数据还原成近似反射率并以假波谱的形式进行研究，这种波谱分析可以改进区分效果。在西奈可将含水硅酸盐矿物与碳酸盐矿物区分开。在昆士兰，能区分出含水硅酸矿物和硫酸盐矿物。尽管ＴＭ的波段宽、数量少，但还是能进行区分，表明ＴＭ数据的波谱特性还没有完全开发。     

府谷三道沟井田遥感地质解译标志

应用美国 1 986年和 2 0 0 0年两个时像陆地卫星 (ＬＡＮＤＳＡＲ)ＴＭ多波段数据 ,选择7— 4— 2波段 ,借助计算机处理系统制作了“陕北侏罗纪煤田神府矿区三道沟井田卫星遥感影像图”。影像解译标志 (见下表 )在野外 1∶2 50 0 0地质、水文地质填图中得到验证。解译标志反映出本区近 2 0年风沙的迁徙历程、小煤窑开采和炼焦厂的大量兴起对环境 (空气、水、土地等 )污染的情况 ,同时还反映出局部地段人们肉眼无法识别的信息。美国陆地卫星 (ＬＡＮＤＳＡＲ)ＴＭ数据彩色合成影像图解译标志序号影　像　特　征颜色花纹图案水系 标志体分布特…     

甘肃华亭地区铀矿化信息遥感提取方法

从分析ETM各波段图像的信息特征入手,在黄土覆盖等环境因素干扰严重的地区,利用遥感技术对其铀矿化的信息进行了提取.在ERDAS软件的支持下,应用图像融合、波段比值、主成分分析、光谱指数等技术方法,对ETM遥感影像数据进行增强处理.其中,图像融合与传统的图像融合略有不同,是在进行图像融合前将原始图像（ETM1～5,7）进行低通滤波处理,使得融合后的图像既保留高分辨率数据的空间信息,又保留低分辨率数据的光谱信息.在对研究区的遥感数据进行增强处理后,选取有利波段组合,圈定了有利铀成矿的远景区.     

线电流源声频大地电磁测深的二维正演计算及响应特点

论述了如何在大地电磁测深二维正演计算的基础上，结合线电流源声频大地电磁测深（ＣＳＡＭＴ）的边界条件，利用三角形６节点有限元法计算ＴＥ极化方式ＣＳＡＭＴ二维响应的方法；给出了４个模型的计算结果     

高保真影像超分辨率重建应用研究

高分辨率图像是人们一直追求的目标,超分辨率图像重建技术就是人们获取高分辨率图像的一种很重要的方法。研究了超分辨率贝叶斯方法,该方法利用全波段增强多光谱遥感影像,结合传感器特性模拟了全波段和多波段影像的观测过程。这种方法使全波段数据与多光谱波段数据自动对齐,成功地保留了光谱信息,实现了遥感数据信息的高保真,进而增强了空间分辨率。以IKONOS全波段和多波段影像为例进行了深入地探讨,并对自动融合的结果进行了定性和定量分析。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861