鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组含油气流体活动期次与石油充注史

利用显微荧光与包裹体显微测温技术,并结合烃源岩生排烃史分析,探讨了鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组含油气流体活动期次及石油充注历史。结果表明：陇东地区延长组烃源岩开始排烃的时期为早白垩世早期（约133 Ma）,主要存在两期含油气流体活动,第一期含油气流体活动发生在早白垩世主力源岩排烃期间（133~100 Ma）,第二期含油气流体活动发生在晚白垩世构造抬升期间（100~70 Ma）。早白垩世期间石油的充注表现为充注强弱程度不同的连续过程,晚白垩世以来生烃停止导致石油的充注与运移逐渐减弱并在晚白垩世末期基本停止。     

The application of fluid inclusions to migration of oil and diagenesis in petroleum reservoirs

Fluid inclusions can be used to interpret thermal history and petroleum maturation and migration relative to burial history. Temperature, pressure and composition data collected from fluid inclusions are used to determine the environment of diagenesis and the timing of cementation and migration. Cements in petroleum reservoirs contain both oil and aqueous fluid inclusions. Fluorescence spectroscopy is used to identify oil inclusions and to determine the maturity of entrapped oil. The lifetime of fluorescence induced by a pulsed laser is related to the API gravity of entrapped oil. Interpretation of fluid inclusion data depends on knowing the origin of fluid inclusions and the probability that they survive in the burial environment. Those aspects of fluid inclusion study are investigated by synthesizing oil and aqueous inclusions in calcite crystals in laboratory experiments. Examples of how fluid inclusions are used to determine the physico-chemical environments of diagenesis in petroleum reservoirs and the timing of cementation and migration are given for the Wealden Basin, England, the Mishrif Formation, Dubai, the Smackover Formation, Gulf Coast, U.S.A. and Jurassic sandstones, offshore Norway. In the Wealden Basin, temperature data from fluid inclusions are used to determine that oil migration occurred in the Cretaceous and that the reservoir rocks have been uplifted to varying degrees at a time after migration. Distribution of oil inclusions indicates that generation and migration of oil was principally in the western part of the basin. The geochemistry of oil inclusions in calcite cements from the Mishrif Formation, Dubai, are used to determine the type and maturity of entrapped oil. Temperature data from oil and water inclusions are used to relate reservoir diagenesis to burial history and the migration of oil. In deep Smackover reservoirs oil contains H₂S. The origin of the H₂S is examined by study of fluid inclusions containing H₂S. In Jurassic sandstones, offshore Norway, fluid inclusion studies show that silica cementation is related to burial depth whereas a later calcite cementation originated from invasion of a hot fluid.     

Coupling relationship between reservoir diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation of Dongling,Changling fault depression,Songliao Basin,Northeast China

The Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in the southern Songliao Basin is the typical tight oil sandstone in China. In order to better predict the petrophysical properties of the tight sandstone reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China, the diagenesis and porosity evolution was investigated using a suite of petrographic and geochemical techniques including thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion and fluid inclusion analysis, on a set of selected tight sandstone samples. Combined with the histories of burial evolution, organic matter thermal evolution and hydrocarbon charge, the matching relationship between reservoir porosity evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation history is analyzed. The result showed that the tight sandstone reservoirs characterized of being controlled by deposition, predominated by compaction, improved by dissolution and enhanced by cementation. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was investigated using a suite of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history, microfluorescence determination and temperature measurement technology. According to the homogenization temperature of the inclusions and the history of burial evolution, Yingcheng Formation has mainly two phases hydrocarbon accumulation. The first phase of oil and gas is charged before the reservoir is tightened, the oil and gas generated by Shahezi source rocks enter the sand body of Yingcheng Formation, influenced by the carrying capability of sand conducting layer, oil and gas is mainly conducted by the better properties and higher connectivity sand body and enriched in the east, which belongs to the type of densification after hydrocarbon accumulation. The second phase of oil and gas charge after densification, which belongs to the type of densification before the hydrocarbon accumulation.     

库车坳陷克拉2气田异常流体压力演化史

根据克拉2气田现今实测地层压力分析了异常高压发育的特征,并通过流体包裹体测试求取包裹体形成时期的古压力。计算结果表明:下白垩统和古近系库姆格列木群砂岩储层在距今8～6Ma(康村组沉积期末)时,古压力系数大致为1.09～1.18,发育过剩压力为4.6～9.6MPa的异常高压。在此基础上,以古、今压力数据为约束条件,利用数值模拟技术定量恢复出下白垩统与侏罗系异常流体压力的演化历史。研究发现:下白垩统储层流体压力经历了沉积型异常流体压力形成发展(白垩纪-库车组沉积期末)和沉积型异常流体压力萎缩—构造挤压型异常流体压力孕育(库车组沉积期末至今)两个阶段。康村组沉积早期沉积型超压开始出现,库车组沉积期末达到顶峰,过剩压力达40～50MPa;此后,在沉积型超压萎缩—构造挤压型超压孕育过程的耦合下,过剩压力曾降至25～30MPa,更新世起超压略有升高。侏罗系流体压力演化较为简单,吉迪克组沉积期开始出现超压,至库车组沉积期末达到高峰,此后异常高压逐渐萎缩。在克拉2气田的主要成藏时期(距今3～1Ma),烃源岩较储层具有更高的异常压力,源—储压力差为10～30MPa。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组超低渗透油藏形成过程分析--以古峰庄-麻黄山地区为例

鄂尔多斯盆地古峰庄-麻黄山地区长6、长8超低渗透油藏具有典型性和代表性。通过流体包裹体均一温度与沉积埋藏史-热史综合分析表明,古峰庄-麻黄山地区长6、长8油藏为一期成藏,成藏时间为早白垩世。成藏过程中,长7油源成藏早期向长8单向充注,成藏中期向长6、长8双向充注,成藏后期则向长6单向充注。成藏过程的这种动态变化主要由源储距离及其垂向组合关系、油源岩生烃高峰、储层边致密边成藏等成藏要素联合作用控制。     

琼东南盆地崖城地区流体包裹体特征和油气充注期次分析

储层流体包裹体研究是油气充注期次分析的重要手段。对琼东南盆地崖城地区下第三系崖城组和陵水组砂岩储层5口钻井岩芯样品进行包裹体镜下显微观察、荧光分析和伴生盐水包裹体均一温度测量,表明该区下第三系主要发生过两期油气充注:第一期充注油气主要发淡黄色荧光,以液态烃包裹体和气液两相烃包裹体为主,伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度主要分布在130~160℃,根据区域埋藏热演化史推断油气充注时间为晚中新世-早上新世。第二期充注油气主要发淡蓝色荧光,以气态烃包裹体、气液两相烃包裹体和气液固三相烃包裹体为主,伴生盐水溶液包裹体的均一温度范围为160~190℃,充注时间应为第四纪。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组油气成藏期次研究

为了研究鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组油气成藏期次和成藏模式,采取镜下观察、激光拉曼、显微测温等方法对盆地南部地区延长组储层成岩作用和包裹体的特征进行了研究,并结合烃源岩生烃史、盆地热演化史,综合分析研究区延长组成藏期次。研究结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区延长组存在两期油气包裹体:第一期油气包裹体在荧光显微镜下呈蓝绿色或深绿色的液烃包裹体,丰度较低,伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度主峰为100~110 ℃;第二期油气包裹体以气液烃包裹体为主,包裹体在单偏光下为无色或淡黄色,荧光显微镜下为亮蓝色,丰度较高,伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度主峰为130~140 ℃。通过对油气包裹体的均一温度、盐度、密度研究明确了研究区为“一期两幕”成藏,结合盆地热演化史认为鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区延长组存在两次油气充注:第一次油气充注在早白垩世中期(距今115~125 Ma),第二次油气充注主要在早白垩世晚期(距今97~105 Ma)。两次油气充注表明鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区延长组油气成藏时期为早白垩世(距今97~125 Ma)。     

Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions and Their Significance for Evolution of Petroleum Systems in the Dabashan Foreland, Central China

Field investigation combined with detailed petrographic observation indicate that abundant oil,gas,and solid bitumen inclusions were entrapped in veins and cements of sedimentary rocks in the Dabashan foreland,which were used to reconstruct the oil and gas migration history in the context of tectonic evolution.Three stages of veins were recognized and related to the collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block during the Indosinian orogeny from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(Dl),the southwest thrusting of the Qinling orogenic belt towards the Sichuan basin during the Yanshanian orogeny from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous(D2),and extensional tectonics during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(D3),respectively.The occurrences of hydrocarbon inclusions in these veins and their homogenization temperatures suggest that oil was generated in the early stage of tectonic evolution,and gas was generated later,whereas solid bitumen was the result of pyrolysis of previously accumulated hydrocarbons.Three stages of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions were also identified in cements of carbonates and sandstones of gas beds in the Dabashan foreland belt and the Dabashan foreland depression(northeastern Sichuan basin),which recorded oil/gas formation,migration,accumulation and destruction of paleo-reservoirs during the D2.Isotopic analysis of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions contained in vein minerals shows that δ~(13)C_1 of gas in fluid inclusions ranges from-17.0‰ to-30.4‰(PDB) and δD from-107.7‰ to-156.7‰(SMOW),which indicates that the gas captured in the veins was migrated natural gas which may be correlated with gas from the gas-fields in northern Sichuan basin.Organic geochemical comparison between bitumen and potential source rocks indicates that the Lower Cambrian black shale and the Lower Permian black limestone were the most possible source rocks of the bitumen.Combined with tectonic evolution history of the Dabashan foreland,the results of this study suggest that oil was generated from the Paleozoic source rocks in the Dabashan area under normal burial thermal conditions before Indosinian tectonics and accumulated to form paleo-reservoirs during Indosinian collision between the North China block and the Yangtz block.The paleo-reservoirs were destroyed during the Yanshanian tectonic movement when the Dabashan foreland was formed.At the same time,oil in the paleo-reservoirs in the Dabashan foreland depression was pyrolyzed to transform to dry gas and the residues became solid bitumen.     

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组—平湖组深层油气成藏过程

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组和平湖组深层油气资源丰富，是东海陆架盆地勘探开发新领域，受储层差异致密化影响，油气成藏机理复杂。为了厘清西次凹深层油气成藏过程，本文通过流体包裹体岩相学特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱、包裹体所含油气地球化学等实验分析，结合构造演化、地层埋藏史、热史等，开展了系统的储层特征、油气成藏期次、成藏过程研究。结果表明，花港组深层（>4000 m）和平湖组储层均已致密化，溶蚀孔隙是主要的储集孔隙类型；花港组和平湖组均发育两期油气包裹体，早期含油包裹体较多，晚期以天然气包裹体为主，成藏时间分别为龙井运动期和冲绳运动期，以晚期天然气成藏最为关键。包裹体中油气地球化学特征类似，反映生烃母质以高等植物生源为主，低等生物为辅，与平湖组煤系烃源岩特征一致。冲绳运动叠加平湖组生气增压是晚期天然气成藏的主要动力，此时H10段及以上储层未致密化。根据储层致密化与成藏时序匹配关系可将西次凹M构造深层油气藏类型划分为常规型、先成藏后致密型、先致密后成藏型和边成藏边致密型4种。本文成果可为研究区下一步致密砂岩气的勘探开发部署提供重要的理论依据。     

论优质源储耦合关系的控藏作用:对比松南致密油与松北致密气成藏条件

为了更清晰地理解优质烃源岩和优质储层的耦合关系在致密油气成藏过程中的控制作用,本文应用地化测试、恒速压汞、常规压汞、含烃流体包裹体等多种资料,对比了松辽盆地南部致密油和松辽盆地北部致密气的成藏条件。研究表明：1）优质源岩生、排烃中心基本吻合超压高值区,超压到达的边界就是致密油气富集边界。2）孔喉结构约束下的松南泉四段优质储层渗透率下限为0.10×10^-3 μm²,松北沙河子组优质储层的渗透率下限为0.05×10^-3 μm²。3）时间上,形成致密油气藏的前提条件是源储之间应具备"先致密后成藏"的匹配关系,这是决定其成藏机理的根本;空间上,2个研究区的"甜点区"均发育在近源、强压、高渗的优质源储叠合部位,其展布特征受控于优质源储的空间耦合关系。     

羌塘盆地雀莫错地区巴贡组包裹体特征及充注期次

上三叠统巴贡组是羌塘盆地最重要的含油气层系之一,针对盆地东部雀莫错地区的巴贡组储层开展了流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温及显微荧光分析。结果表明,砂岩中的盐水包裹体共记录了4期热流体活动,在第2~3期热流体活动中,检测到了2类含油相包裹体：数量较少的发黄色荧光油包裹体主要分布于石英颗粒内裂纹中,数量较多的发蓝色荧光油包裹体主要分布于石英次生加大边中。根据2类油包裹体的产状分布和荧光光谱特征,综合地层埋藏史和生烃史分析,认为二者共同代表了一次晚侏罗世的油气充注,与盆地中部地区一致。     

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系油气成藏地球化学分析

依据生物标志物的分布和组成特征,准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组的原油可以分为两类,庄1井和沙1井原油属于第一类,源于下二叠统风城组;南部征沙村地区征1井原油为第二类,源于中二叠统下乌尔禾组,也有侏罗系的贡献。根据流体包裹体均一化温度分布,结合生排烃史与构造配置关系研究,认为征1井三工河组油藏主要成藏期是古近纪以来,油气来自于昌吉凹陷的下乌尔禾组和侏罗系烃源岩;而庄1井和沙1井三工河组油藏具有多源多期油气注入,早白垩世末至古近纪,油气来自于北部盆1井西凹陷风城组,古近纪构造调整以来,混入了来源于昌吉凹陷的油气。各口井原油含氮化合物的分布特征,证实了研究区侏罗系原油近期是从征1井向北运移的。     

根据储层沥青和流体包裹体综合判识油气成藏期:以黄骅坳陷北大港古生界潜山为例

渤海湾盆地潜山油气资源较丰富,近期黄骅坳陷古生界潜山油气勘探取得重大进展,但油气藏的形成时期及期次尚不明确.以黄骅坳陷北大港古生界潜山为例,综合利用储层沥青、流体包裹体观察、测温、拉曼光谱及红外光谱分析等地球化学分析手段,结合烃源岩生烃史,对其油气成藏期进行了系统研究.结果表明:研究区古生界发育碳质、胶质-沥青质、油质3种沥青,经历了生物降解和氧化作用等多种次生改造过程,结合研究区的构造演化及生烃史,推测早侏罗世中期之前存在油气充注;古生界潜山发育两期烃类包裹体,第一期包裹体发黄褐色荧光,主要分布于石英颗粒表面及方解石脉内,均一温度峰值区间为75~80℃,第二期包裹体包括黄色、蓝绿色荧光两类,分布在石英颗粒内裂缝、穿石英颗粒裂缝及方解石脉内,均一温度峰值范围分别为85~90℃和95~100℃;综合古生界潜山储层沥青及包裹体特征,结合烃源岩生烃史,确定古生界存在两期油气充注,分别为中三叠世（235~223 Ma）和新近纪-第四纪（22~0 Ma）,且以晚期成藏为主.      

库车坳陷东部吐格尔明地区天然气地球化学特征及油气充注史

库车坳陷东部油气地质条件复杂,天然气成因与油气充注时间存在争议,油气充注史不明,制约其油气勘探进程。利用天然气组分、碳同位素组成、流体包裹体岩相学与均一温度等分析测试数据,结合沉积埋藏史及构造演化史,研究了库车坳陷东部吐格尔明地区天然气地球化学特征、天然气成因类型及油气充注时间,分析了油气充注成藏过程。结果表明：吐格尔明地区天然气组分以甲烷为主,甲烷含量为75.56%～90.11%,干燥系数为0.79～0.93;δ¹³C₁和δ¹³C₂值为-35.73‰～-33.80‰和-26.41‰～-25.30‰,天然气成因类型属于成熟阶段的煤成气。吐格尔明地区侏罗系砂岩储层发育两类流体包裹体,分别为黄色液态烃包裹体和蓝白色荧光的气液烃包裹体、灰色的气烃包裹体,表明该区存在两期油气充注,第一期为13～7 Ma的原油充注,第二期为2.6 Ma以来的天然气充注。康村组早中期,吐格尔明地区烃源岩形成的原油充注至宽缓背斜圈闭中保存;库车组晚期,侏罗系克孜勒努尔组与阳霞组发育良好的源储组合,天然气近距离充注成藏。     

三塘湖盆地流体包裹体研究及其应用

通过镜下观察,并对流体包裹体岩相学特征、不同包裹体组合特征和显微测温等方面进行分析,可以确定不同产状内包裹体形成的先后关系,同时依据烃类包裹体特征可以分析储层的烃类组成、烃类充注史、古流体压力和古流体势。根据三塘湖盆地包裹体岩相学特征、组合类型以及与烃类包裹体伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度,不同微裂隙内的包裹体按照其产状可分为两类：网状微裂隙内捕获的包裹体和单向微裂隙内捕获的包裹体。根据不同产状内的包裹体特征,分析得出它们是由不同流体来源在不同时期捕获的。根据古地温演化趋势图,通过测温数据推算三塘湖盆地务湖凹陷内大量烃类包裹体被捕获的时间在晚侏罗世,马朗凹陷内大量烃类包裹体被捕获的时间在晚白垩世。在计算包裹体流体势基础上做出古流体势图,显示各凹陷的北部较利于油气聚集,预测位于油气运聚路线上的马中构造带是有利油气聚集区。     

南黄海盆地中部隆起中—古生界海相油气多期成藏——来自CSDP-2井的勘探启示

大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井不仅完成了南黄海盆地中部隆起的首次钻探,也创造了陆架区2 843.18 m的全取心深钻记录。在CSDP-2井钻遇的三叠系青龙组（T₁q）,二叠系大隆组（P₃d）、龙潭组（P_2-3l）、孤峰组（P₂g）、栖霞组（P₁q）和志留系坟头组（S₁f）等多层段岩心中探获了多类型、多级别的油气显示,且二叠系3个油砂样品表明该区曾经历过大规模的油气运聚过程。地球化学分析、油源对比结果表明：1^#油砂和2^#油砂层段均表现出"近源成藏"的特征,其中大隆组1^#油砂中的原油与大隆组、龙潭组上段泥岩的亲缘关系明显,龙潭组2^#油砂中的原油与龙潭组下段、孤峰组和栖霞组烃源岩具有更好的亲缘关系;3^#油砂中的原油成熟度明显偏低,推测其可能来自两侧坳陷区的白垩系、古近系烃源岩;盆地模拟和含烃流体包裹体测温相互印证,明确了CSDP-2井揭露的四套烃源岩与三套储集层之间存在着"接力式"生烃和"波浪式"充注的多期成藏特征,同时得益于三套盖层的良好封盖,彰显了研究区较为广阔的海相油气勘探前景。     

Hydrocarbon Vertical Continuity Evaluation in the Cretaceous Reservoirs of Azadegan Oilfield,Southwest of Iran: Implications for Reservoir Geochemistry

A collection of data obtained from analytical methods in geochemistry along with the reservoir engineering and geologic data were used to investigate the reservoir continuity in the Cretaceous Fahliyan, Gadavan, Kazhdumi and Sarvak reservoirs of the super-giant Azadegan oilfield, SW Iran. The geochemical data indicate that the oil samples, with medium to high level of thermal maturity, have been generated from the anoxic marine marl/carbonate source rock(s). The Sargelu(Jurassic) and Garau(Creta...     

中国北方六盘山盆地新生界油气包裹体的发现及其油气地质意义

在六盘山盆地新生界清水营组石膏中发现了大量的油气包裹体,而油气包裹体的研究对认识盆地新生界油气成藏条件,拓展盆地油气勘探思路具有重要的意义.通过野外地质调查、样品采集和分析测试等手段对清水营组石膏中油气包裹体的发育特征和组成特征进行研究,并开展油源对比,分析油气包裹体中油气的来源和形成过程,探讨了六盘山盆地新生界油气成藏条件和运聚特征.结果表明:清水营组结晶状石膏中油气包裹体中原油来源于清水营组烃源岩;纤维状石膏脉中油气包裹体原油来源于白垩系马东山组烃源岩.六盘山盆地清水营组泥岩具有生烃潜力,是盆地潜在的烃源岩;白垩系烃源岩生成的油气可以沿着断裂等输导体系向上覆地层运移,并在新生界聚集,沟通白垩系烃源岩断层附近的新生界圈闭是六盘山盆地有利的油气聚集区.      

渤南洼陷流体包裹体特征与成藏期流体压力恢复

渤南洼陷油气资源丰富,成藏过程复杂,但其油气成藏时期的动力条件尚不明确.利用流体包裹体显微荧光、均一温度和冰点测试技术,恢复了渤南洼陷主力储层油气成藏期次及其对应的地层压力.研究区沙三段烃类包裹体发黄白色和黄绿色荧光,均一温度为80~130 ℃,为明化镇中后期至今一期成藏;沙四段烃类包裹体灰黄色、黄绿、蓝绿色3种荧光,存在70~80 ℃和90~130 ℃两个温度区间,对应着东营期、明化镇初期至今两期油气充注,且以晚期充注为主.油气运聚时期普遍发育异常高压,第一期成藏时压力系数相对较低;第二期随着烃源岩生烃量的增加,异常压力持续增大、超压范围不断扩展,压力系数高达1.80,为大规模的油气运移提供了充足的动力条件,并控制了洼陷区油气的聚集与宏观分布.      

运用流体包裹体确定羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区中侏罗统布曲组油气成藏期次和时期

对羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区中侏罗统布曲组储集层流体包裹体样品进行荧光观测、显微测温、测盐等系统测试分析,识别出两期流体包裹体。第一期流体包裹体主要分布在裂缝充填的方解石脉中。第二期流体包裹体分布在方解石晚期微裂隙中。通过对与烃类共生的盐水包裹体进行均一化温度测试,两期流体包裹体的均一温度分布在64~198 ℃范围内,总体呈现出两个明显的温度峰区：80~130 ℃、130~180 ℃。分析认为,研究区存在两期规模较大的油气运移。第一期以成熟度较低的油气充注为主;第二期以高成熟度的油充注为主。结合研究区储层埋藏史得出,研究区主要的油气成藏期发生在距今100～156 Ma,即晚侏罗世至早白垩世。