地理国情普查成果在海绵城市中的应用初探

分析比较了地理国情普查成果中相关属性特征和海绵城市建设中相关控制指标,为海绵城市建设提供了新的数据来源,同时也为地理国情普查成果应用拓展了思路,为城市建设的生态文明和可持续发展提供了新想法。     

天宝TX8三维激光扫描仪在立式金属罐容量计量中的应用

三维激光扫描仪为实现立式金属罐容量计量的高效率和高准确度提供了依据。本文通过分析天宝TX8三维激光扫描仪的工作原理,对150 m3立式金属罐容量计量的实测数据进行了建模分析。试验数据表明,天宝TX8在立式罐罐体容积测量方面与基本的容量传递法数据方面符合性较高,且更加全面、高效、直观。特别是它对采样数据的全面直观性可以拓展应用到罐体变形、应力分析建模等方面,并为拓展到其他异型罐相关容积值以及其他相关分析测量提供了可能。     

Java手机地图服务系统研究与实现

基于位置的服务（LBS）是指为移动设备的用户提供一系列个性化的与位置相关的服务。在分析了JSR-179规范的基础上,详细讨论了基于JSR-179规范的J2ME手机应用开发架构,并给出了J2ME手机地图服务系统的实现方法及相关程序代码。系统的实现为用户移动地、快速地提供地理信息获取支持。     

关于建立GNSS连续运行基准站网相关规范的思考

国内GNSS连续运行基准站网建设全面展开,很多省、市建成或正在建设基准站网,部分地区已经开始对社会提供服务。介绍基准站网建设情况和相关规范的现状,对站网进行分类,并就基准站网的建设、技术和服务的相关技术问题进行探讨和分析。     

“多规合一”空间规划底图编制方法

实现空间性规划"多规合一"需要统一、标准的空间规划底图(地理信息数据库、技术规范等),可为划分城镇、农业、生态三类空间并准确划定边界提供基础数据,也可为相关规划的空间管制分区的细化提供技术支撑。为此,本文分析"多规合一"存在的空间基准、用地分类标准、规划底图、规划基础平台等主要技术问题,提出基于地理国情普查成果编制空间规划底图的方法,并进行黑龙江、海南"多规合一"试点应用,为相关工作提供参考。     

遥感在查处违法建设中的应用研究

提出了一种将遥感影像用于查处城市违法建设的方法。本文根据遥感影像变化检测相关理论,对当前常用的遥感影像变化检测方法进行了对比和分析。通过实验验证,本文结合城市建筑物目标变化状况和相关信息,为查处违法建设提供快速、精确、有效的方法。     

基于地理国情普查的生态环境动态监测方法研究

综合利用第一次全国地理国情普查数据、多时相遥感影像资料、基础地理信息数据,结合相关专题资料,利用空间分析、统计分析、地理相关分析等方法,开展水源地水域、植被、居民点、道路、点污染源及防治设施5个方面的专题分析,研究丹江口库区生态环境动态监测方法,为后续监测提供理论基础和技术指导;同时发挥地理国情普查成果的作用,为地理国情普查(监测)数据挖掘及信息服务应用积累经验。     

一种可用于GNSS干扰分析的FDR计算方法

针对目前电磁兼容分析领域中频率相关抑制(FDR)计算偏理论化、计算精确度不足和可操作性不强的特点,引入一种基于高斯勒让德积分算法的FDR计算方法并介绍其相关软件的使用方法,该软件与目前常用的计算方法相比,具有计算精度高、操作简易、实用性强等特点,采用典型案例分析对方法进行了说明,可为无线电管理人员在开展全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)干扰分析工作提供有效辅助支撑.      

《哈尔滨市无线市话(iPAS)资源管理地理信息系统》的建立

讨论利用GIS技术、以地理信息为载体,对小灵通基站、网关等设备的相关信息进行分析、表达,并可实时转入话务等数据进行话务量分析、可用时隙分析、同步状态分析等,使电信部门的资源管理实现信息数据可视化、管理流程直观化,为“小灵通“资源管理提供多层次、多目标的综合服务.     

广州市农业地理信息系统的设计与应用开发

将GIS技术应用于农业中, 实现Internet上农业相关资源信息的分析、决策、监测与展示,本文给出了系统的设计与特色,为GIS的农业应用提供了实际参考.     

基于Sentinel-1的长江干流水域面积动态变化遥感监测

本文利用Sentinel-1数据获得了2016-2020年月度长江干流上海-宜宾段水域面积,并分析其年际、年内变化规律。分析结果表明,①月度变化规律为1-5月水面面积变化相对平稳,6-8月水域面积逐步增加,在7月达到峰值;9月稍有回落,10月再次达到峰值后逐步减少至稳定。②季节性变化规律为冬季水域面积最小,夏季水域面积最大,夏季和冬季呈现明显的季节差异。③年际变化规律为2016年后水域面积呈增长趋势,其中2017-2019年水域面积相对稳定且缓慢增长,2020年面积急剧增长。分段而言,水域面积随时间的变化幅度为下游>中游>上游,中上游变化相对平稳,下游较显著。④易发生洪涝的断面主要分布在中下游段,需引起重视并做好监测预警。     

A geometric-based approach for road matching on multi-scale datasets using a genetic algorithm

Object matching is used in various applications including conflation, data quality assessment, updating, and multi-scale analysis. The objective of matching is to identify objects referring to the same entity. This article aims to present an optimization-based linear object-matching approach in multi-scale, multi-source datasets. By taking into account geometric criteria, the proposed approach uses real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) and sensitivity analysis to identify corresponding objects. Moreover, in this approach, any initial dependency on empirical parameters such as buffer distance, threshold of spatial similarity degree, and weights of criteria is eliminated and, instead, the optimal values for these parameters are calculated for each dataset. Volunteered geographical information (VGI) and authoritative data with different scales and sources were used to assess the efficiency of the proposed approach. According to the results, in addition to an efficient performance in various datasets, the proposed approach was able to appropriately identify the corresponding objects in these datasets by achieving higher F-Score.     

GIS中的数据转换与代数同构分析

对GIS中常见的数据转换进行了细致的研究,为数据转换中的质量保证提供了一种理论上严谨的检验手段,首次提出了用代数同构的思想来检测网络环境下数据共享的可信度。     

误差限的病态总体最小二乘解算

大地测量和地球物理数据解算中时常会涉及病态问题的处理。基于客观的观测精度,利用设计矩阵与观测向量的误差限制,一方面降低了病态性对求解造成的波动;另一方面避免引入正常数,从而提高整个解算过程的客观性与可靠性。计算表明,本文提出的方法可以有效地处理病态总体最小二乘问题,并且具有较高的稳定性。     

Satellite Earth observation data to identify anthropogenic pressures in selected protected areas

Protected areas are experiencing increased levels of human pressure. To enable appropriate conservation action, it is critical to map and monitor changes in the type and extent of land cover/use and habitat classes, which can be related to human pressures over time. Satellite Earth observation (EO) data and techniques offer the opportunity to detect such changes. Yet association with field information and expert interpretation by ecologists is required to interpret, qualify and link these changes to human pressure. There is thus an urgent need to harmonize the technical background of experts in the field of EO data analysis with the terminology of ecologists, protected area management authorities and policy makers in order to provide meaningful, context-specific value-added EO products. This paper builds on the DPSIR framework, providing a terminology to relate the concepts of state, pressures, and drivers with the application of EO analysis. The type of pressure can be inferred through the detection of changes in state (i.e. changes in land cover and/or habitat type and/or condition). Four broad categories of changes in state are identified, i.e. land cover/habitat conversion, land cover/habitat modification, habitat fragmentation and changes in landscape connectivity, and changes in plant community structure. These categories of change in state can be mapped through EO analyses, with the goal of using expert judgement to relate changes in state to causal direct anthropogenic pressures. Drawing on expert knowledge, a set of protected areas located in diverse socio-ecological contexts and subject to a variety of pressures are analysed to (a) link the four categories of changes in state of land cover/habitats to the drivers (anthropogenic pressure), as relevant to specific target land cover and habitat classes; (b) identify (for pressure mapping) the most appropriate spatial and temporal EO data sources as well as interpretations from ecologists and field data useful in connection with EO data analysis. We provide detailed examples for two protected areas, demonstrating the use of EO data for detection of land cover/habitat change, coupled with expert interpretation to relate such change to specific anthropogenic pressures. We conclude with a discussion of the limitations and feasibility of using EO data and techniques to identify anthropogenic pressures, suggesting additional research efforts required in this direction.     

增强地图服务,做大地理信息板块

回顾了北京市测绘设计研究院二十多年地理信息产业的发展历史,分析了所面临的机遇与挑战,认为空间数据的可视化输出-地图生产是地理信息产业的主要任务之一。搞好这项工作应建立GIS数据库到地图数据库的双向通道;扩展地图数据库的地图制图和桌面出版功能;编制好系列基础底图和社会公众普遍需要的普通地图、政区图、地名图、交通旅游图,逐步实现编制导航地图,争取导航电子地图资质;做好用户需求调查,编制若干专题地图产品;开发影像地图、三维地图、实景地图等地理信息新品种;跟踪国家开展的各类普查或调查项目,编制高科技含量的地图集。     

北斗在地壳形变监测中的应用进展

北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)于2020年建成并开始向全球提供服务。如何提高其在防灾减灾领域的应用是目前关注的焦点。本文梳理了国内外采用BDS数据开展地壳形变(包括同震和震间形变获取)研究的现状,总结了BDS数据的定位精度,归纳出基于BDS数据的地壳形变监测需要进一步解决、有待拓展的关键问题:①扩展GNSS地壳形变监测的内涵,采用GPS与BDS双模或多模算法提高形变解算精度;②开展BDS实时形变监测在地质灾害早期识别中的应用;③开发、发布相关数据处理算法与软件系统,切实推进BDS在高精度地壳形变监测领域的应用。     

MapGIS与AutoCAD数据转换浅析

随着MapGIS在地勘工作中的广泛运用,MapGIS 6.5数据与AutoCAD 2004数据的相互转换,成为地勘成果数字化工作中的重要一环,实现了数据资源的共享。本文针对MapGIS 6.5系统与AutoCAD 2004系统两种软件,详细地介绍了二者之间的相互转换及注意事项。     

Retrieving Hierarchical Information from Maps: The Role of Metric and Configurational Variables

Abstract

One of the most important challenges for cartographers is to be able to transmit information appearing in maps in a simple manner to users. The commonest strategy to do so consists in displaying visual information in a hierarchical way, that is, making it some elements to appear as being more important than others. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that people also pay attention to configurational information, or information about relationships among elements appearing in a map, to retrieve hierarchical information of it. This is the topic of this paper. It aims to investigate the role of metric and configurational information in enabling people to retrieve hierarchical information from maps. The main problem consisted in identifying ‘the main street’ of different layouts whose paths were sometimes widened to make them appear more important. The main findings show that people retrieved hierarchical information by paying attention to a combination of metric and configurational factors.

One of the main challenges that cartographers face is to transmit information in a way that is simple to understand for everyone. The most frequent strategy for this is to display the information in a hierarchical way; that is, by exaggerating the size or width of specific elements and thus assigning them a greater degree of importance. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that when reading maps, people also read configurational information. This is the topic of this paper. It aims to investigate the role of metric and configurational information in enabling people to retrieve hierarchical information from maps. For this, a set of exercises was designed and carried out where people were asked to identify the main street of different specially designed layouts. The main findings show that people retrieved hierarchical information by paying attention to a combination of metric and configurational factors.     

1999—2020年长江经济带(江苏段)生态环境变化监测及人类活动驱动分析

协调区域城镇化与生态环境保护之间的关系,是推动我国长江经济带可持续发展的核心问题之一.针对现有研究中,生态环境变化与人类活动驱动之间的响应关系缺少时空对应的数据支持、影响过程不明的问题,本文充分利用多源卫星遥感技术在处理和提取时空信息上的优势,以长江经济带江苏段沿江县区为例,利用1999—2000年、2009—2010...