基于CAD数据生产ArcGIS制图数据的研究与应用

研究基于1∶2 000 AutoCAD地形图数据生产ArcGIS制图数据的技术方法和流程,尽可能利用现有的CAD数据资源和现有的软件,减少制图数据编辑的重复工作,并在厦门市1∶2 000 ArcGIS制图数据生产中应用,实践表明这是一种较为实用、快捷的方法。     

基于ArcObjects的空间数据符号化研究

利用ArcGIS软件的通用组件库——ArcObjects,对ArcMap进行二次开发,开发出一个符号化功能模块,对地形数据的点、线、面目标进行符号配置及可视化表达。并利用ArcGIS 9.2中新的制图表现（Representation）和覆盖（Overridc）功能完善基于GIS的完整的自动化制图生产处理过程和效果。     

基于AreObjects的空间数据符号化研究

利用ArcGIS软件的通用组件库——ArcObjects,对ArcMap进行二次开发,开发出一个符号化功能模块,对地形数据的点、线、面目标进行符号配置及可视化表达。并利用ArcGIS 9.2中新的制图表现(Representation)和覆盖(Overridc)功能完善基于GIS的完整的自动化制图生产处理过程和效果。     

ArcGIS到CorelDraw的数据转换及图层异常改正

制图软件间的数据共享是地图生产中的重点及热点问题之一。具有空间数据处理功能的ArcGIS软件和具有图形图像设计功能的CorelDraw软件,凭借其成熟的制图功能和丰富的开发资源,受到了地图编制单位和人员的青睐。但是,传统制图并没有明确提出ArcGIS数据到CorelDraw数据转换的方法。基于这一问题,本文着重探讨了利用第三方数据格式Dwg实现数据转换的解决方案,同时利用ArcGIS中支持COM标准的VBA开发资源进行了二次开发,对该转换方法所产生的图层异常进行了改正,确保了数据转换的准确性,实现了ArcGIS与CorelDraw间的数据共享。     

ArcGIS制图模块在城市用地供应图制作中的应用研究

针对城市供应图册快速制图的问题,本文研究制定了利用ArcGIS软件制作城市用地供应图技术方案与流程,以城市用地CAD数据为基础,建立了数据综合模型,从页面设计、符号库设计、图层显示和制图整饰等方面进行设计了底图模板,采用Arcpy.mapping模块与自动化地图制图功能实现了城市用地供应图一体化。其简单操作以及高效制图对ArcGIS在城市用地制图领域应用具有借鉴意义。     

基于ArcGIS Engine的地图模板化输出

地图的模板化输出就是利用模板技术思想将制图专家的地图设计知识和实践经验模板化、可视化,对于实现地图设计知识和实践经验的传输与共享,提高地图制图的效率具有重要的理论研究意义和实际应用价值。介绍ArcGIS制图中3种不同的模板技术,分析在.NET平台下采用C#语言基于ArcGIS Engine组件实现地图模板化输出的原理方...     

基于ArcObjects的空间数据符号化研究

本文利用ArcGIS软件的通用组件库——Arcobjects,对ArcMap进行二次开发,开发出一个符号化功能模块,对地形数据的点、线、面目标进行符号配置及可视化表达。并利用ArcGIS9．2中的新的制图表现（representation）和覆盖（override）功能完善基于GIS的完整的自动化制图生产处理过程和效果。     

基于ArcObjects的空间数据符号化研究

针对符号系统存在的问题,利用ArcGIS软件的通用组件库——ArcObjects对ArcMap进行二次开发,开发出一个符号化功能模块,对地形数据的点、线、面目标进行符号配置及可视化表达,并利用ArcGIS9.2中的新的制图表现和覆盖功能完善基于GIS的完整的自动化制图生产处理过程和图形表现效果。     

基于ArcGIS的村庄地图快速批量制作方法研究

基于ArcGIS的数据驱动页面技术在快速批量制图应用的现阶段比较先进。本文介绍了以ArcGIS为平台的村庄地图制作流程,充分运用ArcGIS的制图功能,特别是数据驱动页面技术,实现了村庄地图的快速批量制作。经过实例验证,该方法大大减少了人工处理的工作量,节省了大量的时间和物力,提高了制图效率,在实践操作中值得探索和推广。     

浅谈应用ArcGIS技术建设自动化地图制图系统

计算机地图制图也可称为自动化地图制图,该技术带来的变革和对地图学产生的影响极其广泛和深刻,随着理论上的不断发展和创新,计算机地图制图已可基本代替传统的地图制图,实现了地图制图技术的历史性变革。ArcGIS 9.X是ESRI公司出品的一系列GIS软件,其技术体系对自动化地图制图技术提供了有力的支撑。本文从技术架构角度介绍,如何在ArcGIS 9.X体系中建设符合中国制图标准的自动化地图制图系统。     

A new practical approach to GNSS high-dimensional ambiguity decorrelation

Based on both the lower and the upper triangular Cholesky decomposition algorithms, the (inverse) lower triangular Cholesky integer transformation and the (inverse) upper triangular Cholesky integer transformation are defined, and the (inverse) paired Cholesky integer transformation is proposed. Then, for the case of high-correlation ambiguity, a multi-time (inverse) paired Cholesky integer transformation is given. In addition, a simple and practical criterion is presented to solve the uniqueness problem of the integer transformation. It is verified by an example that (1) the (inverse) paired Cholesky integer transformation is very convenient and very efficient in practical computation; (2) the (inverse) paired Cholesky integer transformation is better than both the (inverse) lower triangular Cholesky integer transformation and the (inverse) upper triangular Cholesky integer transformation; and that (3) the inverse paired Cholesky integer transformation outperforms the paired Cholesky integer transformation slightly in the most cases.     

Seven possible states of geospatial data with respect to map projection and definition: a novel pedagogical device for GIS education

ABSTRACT

Conceptually, the theory and implementation of “map projection” in geographic information system (GIS) technology is difficult to comprehend for most introductory students and novice users. Compounding this difficulty is the concept of a “map projection file” that defines map projection parameters of geo-spatial data. The problem of the “missing projection file” appears ubiquitous for all users, especially in practice where data is widely shared. Another common problem is inadvertent misapplication of the “Define Projection” tool that can result in a GIS dataset with an incorrectly defined map projection file. GIS education should provide more guidance in differentiating the concepts of map projection versus projection files by increasing understanding and minimizing common errors. A novel pedagogical device is introduced in this paper: the seven possible states of GIS data with respect to map projection and definition. The seven possible states are: (1) a projected coordinate system (PCS) that is correctly defined, (2) a PCS that is incorrectly defined, (3) a PCS that is undefined, (4) a geographic coordinate system (GCS) that is correctly defined, (5) a GCS that is incorrectly defined, (6) a GCS that is undefined, and (7) a non-GCS. Recently created automated troubleshooting tools to determine a missing map projection file are discussed.     

A new differential code bias (C1–P1) estimation method and its performance evaluation

The current satellite clock products are computed using the ionosphere-free phase (L1/L2) and code (P1/P2) observations. Thus, if users conduct undifferenced positioning using these clock products together with C1 and P2 observations, the differential code bias (DCB) (C1–P1) should be properly compensated. The influence of DCB (C1–P1) on the undifferenced ambiguity solutions is investigated. Based on the investigation, we propose a new DCB (C1–P1) estimation method. Using it, the satellite DCB (C1–P1) can be computed. A 30-day (DOY 205–234, 2012) dual-frequency GPS data set is processed to estimate the DCB (C1–P1). Comparing the estimated results with that of IGS DCB products, the accuracy is better than 0.13 m. The performances of DCB (C1–P1) in the code-based single-point positioning, precise point positioning (PPP) convergence and wide-lane uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation are investigated using the estimated DCB (C1–P1). The results of the code-based single-point positioning show that the influence of DCB (C1–P1) on the up direction is more evident than on the horizontal directions. The accuracy is improved by 50 % and reaches to decimeter level with DCB (C1–P1) application. The performance of DCB (C1–P1) in PPP shows that it can accelerate PPP convergence through improving the accuracy of the code observation. The computed UPD values show that influence of DCB (C1–P1) on UPD of each satellite is different, and some values are larger than 0.3 cycles.     

地理遥感信息模型与地理数学

地理图像信息模型是在地形模型、物理模型、数学模型的基础上提出的一种新型模型。概述了地理图像信息模型的基本概念、技术与应用。提出了符合地理科学自身规律的非线性数学方法 ,解决了确定性问题与不确定问题的结合 ,从形式逻辑计算发展到辩证逻辑的计算 ,从抽象公式的计算发展到抽象思维与形象思维结合的公式与图像合为一体的计算 ,从而解决了地理数学问题 ,为发展地理数学奠定了基础。     

一种顾及电离层延迟信息的长基线北斗三频模糊度解算方法

北斗卫星导航系统播发3个频点的导航信号,有利于载波相位模糊度解算。鉴于传统的三频模糊度解算方法由于受基线距离的限制难以在中长基线情形下可靠地固定模糊度,本文提出一种适用于北斗卫星系统中长基线模糊度固定的新方法。实验结果表明,改进的新算法不受基线长度的约束,在保证超宽巷、宽巷模糊度正确固定的同时,宽巷模糊度估值误差在0.3周以内;窄巷模糊度估值误差在3周以内。相比于传统算法,新方法的改进效果较好。     

Surveying co-located space-geodetic instruments for ITRF computation

A new and comprehensive method is presented that can be used for estimating eccentricity vectors between global positioning system (GPS) antennas, doppler orbitography and radiopositioning integrated by satellites (DORIS) antennas, azimuth-elevation (AZ-EL) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) telescopes, and satellite laser ranging (SLR) and lunar laser ranging (LLR) telescopes. The problem of reference point (RP) definition for these space-geodetic instruments is addressed and computed using terrestrial triangulation and electronic distance measurement (EDM) trilateration. The practical ground operations, the surveying approach and the terrestrial data processing are briefly illustrated, and the post-processing procedure is discussed. It is a geometrically based analytical approach that allows computation of RPs along with a rigorous statistical treatment of measurements. The tight connection between the geometrical model and the surveying procedure is emphasized. The computation of the eccentricity vector and the associated variance–covariance matrix between an AZ-EL VLBI telescope (with or without intersecting axes) and a GPS choke ring antenna is concentrated upon, since these are fundamental for computing the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). An extension to RP computation and eccentricity vectors involving DORIS, SLR and LLR techniques is also presented. Numerical examples of the quality that can be reached using the authors approach are given. Working data sets were acquired in the years 2001 and 2002 at the radioastronomical observatory of Medicina (Italy), and have been used to estimate two VLBI-GPS eccentricity vectors and the corresponding SINEX files.     

北斗三号全球导航卫星系统服务性能评估:定位导航授时、星基增强、精密单点定位、短报文通信与国际搜救

本文给出了北斗三号全球导航卫星系统定位导航授时、星基增强、精密单点定位、区域短报文通信、全球短报文通信和国际搜救共6类服务的测试评估方法,并利用实测数据对各类服务的核心指标进行了评估.结果表明,定位导航授时服务方面,空间信号测距误差0.23 m(RMS),空间信号可用性99.44％,空间信号连续性99.99％,PDOP...     

最优Tikhonov正则化矩阵及其在卫星导航定位模糊度解算中的应用

首先,用贝叶斯（Bayes）统计理论的观点,把未知参数看作随机变量,引入未知参数的无信息先验分布函数,从数学上推导了均方误差最小意义下的正则化矩阵;然后,结合最优正则化矩阵和快速截断奇异值算法,提出了一种新的正则化方法;最后,探讨了新方法在全球卫星导航系统（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）模糊度解算中的应用。通过一组GNSS模糊度解算实验,比较了最小二乘（least squares,LS）方法、L曲线岭估计和新方法的性能。结果表明,新方法解算成功率略高于L曲线岭估计,远高于LS方法;计算耗时略大于LS方法,远小于L曲线岭估计。     

基于等式的等间隔GM(1,1)模型比较研究

本文归纳了基于等式的2种等间隔GM(1,1)模型,比较了这2种模型与常规模型的精度,算例显示:当发展系数a较小时,3种模型的后验差比值C和小误差概率P的精度一致;当发展系数较大时,基于等式的模型比常规模型的后验差比值C和小误差概率P的精度高,且基于等式的这2种模型的后验差比值C和小误差概率P精度基本相当.     

遥感地表温度降尺度方法比较————性能对比及适应性评价

在归纳现有遥感地表温度降尺度方法的基础上, 选取3种代表性方法:Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)、Pixel Block Intensity Modulation (PBIM)和Linear Spectral Mixture Model (LSMM)方法进行实验比较, 并建立了一种纹理相似性度量指标CO-RMSE (Co-Occurrence Root Mean Square Error)。结果表明:(1)NDVI方法受季节影响最严重, 不适于春、冬季, 其次为PBIM方法;(2)LSMM方法受分辨率限制最大, 低分辨率时丢失大量纹理信息, NDVI方法在较高分辨率时优于PBIM方法, 较低分辨率时则相反;(3)3种方法的适用区域分别为植被与裸土像元并存区域, 山区和反照率变化较大区域, 以及类别间温差较大区域;(4)NDVI方法操作最简单, LSMM方法最复杂。分析认为, 尺度因子是决定方法性能的关键, 应根据季节、分辨率、地表覆盖、应用目的和操作性等综合选择。