柴达木盆地北缘早古生代高压——超高压变质带中发现典型超高压矿物——柯石英

从都兰北带榴辉岩的片麻岩围岩的锆石中发现了柯石英包裹体和石墨包裹体，说明该超高压带的峰期变质作用已达柯石英稳定区间（＞2.8GPa）但小于金刚石的稳定区间（＜3.5GPa），从而确定柴达木盆地北缘存在早古生代超高压变质作用和陆－陆碰撞作用，为中国中部存在一条横贯东西的早古生代（大致500－400Ma）高压超高压变质带的推断提供了新的关键性证据。     

柴达木北缘超高压变质带中的岛弧火山岩

青藏高原北部柴北缘发育一套与超高压变质带并行的早古生代岛弧火山岩带,岛弧火山岩以玄武岩类为主,包括一些中酸性岩类,岩石以普遍遭受绿片岩相蚀变为特征,区别于该地区普遍遭受角闪岩相区域变质的元古代的基性火山岩。该早古生代的岛孤火山岩显示三组地球化学特征:①VTG-Ⅰ,岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAT);②VTG-Ⅱ,高Al次钙碱性-碱性过渡型玄武岩;③VTG-Ⅲ,较N-MORB更亏损的拉斑玄武岩(异常MORB)。研究认为前两组火山岩是成熟岛弧两个发育阶段的特征性产物:洋壳俯冲到陆壳的初用,由俯冲洋壳和地幔楔的部分熔融形成岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAT),随着俯冲板块的速度加快和岛弧周围地壳的加厚,则形成钙碱性玄武岩(CA)、高Al玄武岩。第三组火山岩形成于弧间盆地,由亏损的地幔楔高度部分熔融形成比N-MORB亏损的的火山岩(异常MORB)。岛弧火山岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS法U-Pb年龄为514.2±8.5 Ma,说明柴北缘在早古生代发生过洋壳向陆壳的俯冲作用。鉴于该地区代表陆-陆俯冲作用的柴北缘超高压变质岩石也是形成于早古生代(494Ma),认为陆-陆俯冲作用发生在洋-陆俯冲作用之后,二者时间和空间相伴随。     

俯冲的大陆岛弧--柴北缘片麻岩的地球化学和同位素证据

柴北缘早古生代高压—超高压变质带的片麻岩分为花岗质片麻岩和副片麻岩 ,花岗质片麻岩的原岩形成于新元古代 (90 0～ 10 0 0 Ma) ,岩石类型为英云闪长岩 -奥长花岗岩 -石英二长岩 -花岗岩 ,非活动性元素的特征类似于岛弧环境形成的花岗岩。副片麻岩的原岩可能为富铝的沉积岩 ,其稀土元素特征类似于 PAAS(后太古宙澳大利亚的平均页岩 )的稀土元素分布 ,非活动性元素的特征与大陆岛弧沉积岩的特征类似。根据花岗质片麻岩与副片麻岩的共生关系结合其地球化学特征推测它们的原岩形成于岛弧环境。鱼卡河花岗质片麻岩的εNd(t) =3.2 (t=1.0 Ga) ,TDM=1.3Ga,表明岩浆源区有大量起源于亏损地幔的初始地壳物质。而落凤坡、锡铁山、沙柳河的花岗质片麻岩与副片麻岩的 Sm - Nd同位素组成类似 ,εNd(t) =- 3.4～ - 7.3(t=1.0 Ga) ,TDM=1.8～ 2 .2 Ga,表明岩浆源区为先存的大陆地壳 ,两类片麻岩地球化学特征的相似性说明岩浆源区的成分类似于变质沉积岩的组成。这项研究说明柴北缘早古生代的深俯冲卷入了大量的大陆岛弧岩石。     

The Luliangshan garnet peridotite massif of the North Qaidam UHPM belt, NW China - a review of its origin and metamorphic evolution

The Luliangshan garnet peridotite massif is an ultramafic complex in the North Qaidam UHPM belt, NW China. The strongly layered complex comprising garnet-bearing dunite, garnet-harzburgite, garnet-lherzolite and garnet-pyroxenite and garnet-free dunite, occurs together with eclogite embedded in various continental gneisses. The geological setting, the internal structure, bulk-composition, rare earth elements, isotopic and mineral composition data show that the garnet peridotite derives from a middle Ordovician Alaskan-type layered sub-arc cumulate intrusion of ascending mantle wedge melts. An abyssal peridotite protolith can be excluded. During the Ordovician-Silurian continental collision, thickening and foundering, the Luliangshan peridotite complex was exposed to ultrahigh pressures (UHP) reaching 5.5 GPa possibly >6 GPa at temperatures of 900 °C (perhaps up to 1000 °C) corresponding to a depth of ∼200 km. The extreme pressure conditions have been derived from thermobarometry using mineral compositions of the garnet peridotite assemblages, but they are supported by a wealth of decompression-induced mineral exsolutions in UHP minerals and by diamond inclusion in zircon. The Luliangshan garnet peridotite has experienced four stages of retrograde overprint during exhumation that lasted into the Devonian: (i) decompression-induced unmixing of the UHP minerals; (ii) garnet kelyphitisation; (iii) amphibole overprinting and (iv) serpentinization. Hydrous minerals occurring within peak metamorphic assemblage represent pseudo-inclusions, that is reaction products of reactions related to various stages of decompression and cooling rather than prograde inclusions during porphyroblast growth.     

大陆俯冲带超高压变质岩部分熔融与壳幔相互作用研究进展

自20世纪80年代在大陆地壳岩石中发现柯石英和金刚石等超高压变质矿物以来,大陆深俯冲和超高压变质作用就成为了固体地球科学研究的前沿和热点领域之一.经过三十余年的研究,已经在大陆地壳的俯冲深度、深俯冲岩石变质P-T-t轨迹、俯冲地壳岩石的折返机制、深俯冲岩石的原岩性质、大陆碰撞过程中的熔/流体活动与元素活动性、俯冲隧道内...     

Geochemistry of an Alaskan-type mafic-ultramafic complex in Eastern Desert,Egypt:New insights and constraints on the Neoproterozoic island arc magmatism

Mikbi intrusion(MI) is a part of the Neoproterozoic Nubian Shield located along the NE-SW trending major fracture zones prevailing southern Eastern Desert of Egypt. In this study, we present for the first time detailed mineralogical and bulk-rock geochemical data to infer some constraints on the parental magma genesis and to understand the tectonic processes contributed to MI formation. Lithologically, it is composed of fresh peridotite, clinopyroxenite, hornblendite, anorthosite, gabbronorite, pyroxene amphibole gabbro, amphibole gabbro and diorite. All rocks have low Th/La ratios(mostly <0.2) and lack positive Zr and Th anomalies excluding significant crustal contamination. They show very low concentrations of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf together with sub-chondritic ratios of Nb/Ta(2-15) and Zr/Hf(19-35),suggesting that their mantle source was depleted by earlier melting extraction event. The oxygen fugacity(logfO_2) estimated from diorite biotite is around the nickel-nickel oxide buffer(NNO) indicating crystallization from a relatively oxidized magma. Amphiboles in the studied mafic-ultramafic rocks indicate relative oxygen fugacity(i.e. ΔNNO; nickel-nickel oxide) of 0.28-3 and were in equilibrium mostly with 3.77-8.24 wt.% H_2 O_melt(i.e. water content in the melt), consistent with the typical values of subduction-related magmas. Moreover, pressure estimates(0.53-6.79 kbar) indicate polybaric crystallization and suggest that the magma chamber(s) was located at relatively shallow crustal levels. The enrichment in LILE(e.g., Cs, Ba, K and Sr) and the depletion in HFSE(e.g., Th and Nb) relative to primitive mantle are consistent with island arc signature. The olivine, pyroxene and amphibole compositions also reflect arc affinity. These inferences suggest that their primary magma was derived from partial melting of a mantle source that formerly metasomatized in a subduction zone setting. Clinopyroxene and bulkrock data are consistent with orogenic tholeiitic affinity. Consequently, the mineral and bulk-rock chemistry strongly indicate crystallization from hydrous tholeiitic magma. Moreover, their trace element patterns are subparallel indicating that the various rock types possibly result from differentiation of the same primary magma. These petrological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics show that the MI is a typical Alaskan-type complex.     

阿尔泰晚古生代早期长英质火山岩的地球化学特征及构造背景

新疆北部哈巴河一带出露的一套晚古生代早期长英质火山岩主要由英安质—流纹质火山岩组成。其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为405±57Ma,为早泥盆世。地球化学特征显示它们具有Ti含量低,Mg#含量中等—富集(42.2~88.7),Th/Ta为8.6~16.4,低—中等Ti/Zr值(介于4.9~53.46);稀土配分型式为LREE富集,无Eu或中等的负Eu异常;且在蜘蛛网图上显示LILE富集,Nb和Ta亏损的特征。Y-Nb和Rb-(Y+Nb)构造判别图解显示这些长英质火山岩形成于岛弧环境。结合前人的研究成果,认为新疆北部哈巴河晚古生代早期长英质火山岩是在古亚洲洋北侧岛弧构造环境下形成的,是作为古亚洲洋从SW至NE方向朝西伯利亚古板块俯冲的产物。     

Subduction of Continental Crust in the Early Palaeozoic North Qaidam Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt, NW China:Evidence from the Discovery of Coesite in the Belt

Coesite was discovered as inclusions in zircon separates from pelitic gneiss associated with a large eclogite body in the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane. Some graphite inclusions were also found. This finding suggested the occurrence of in-situ UHP metamorphism and that the terrane was most likely recrystallized at pressures below the diamond stability field. It supported other previous indirect UHP evidence, such as polycrystalline quartz inclusions in eclogitic garnet, quartz lamellae in omphacite and P-T estimates for both eclogite and garnet peridotite. The U-Pb and Sm-Nd ages of the North Qaidam eclogite indicated that subduction of continental crust occurred in the Early Palaeozoic, which probably recorded a collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze plates.     

柴北缘赛什腾地区早古生代岩浆活动与构造演化

柴北缘赛什腾地区发育大量早古生代岩浆岩, 记录了原特提斯洋演化的重要信息, 对其研究有助于进一步认识秦祁昆增生和碰撞造山过程。本文报道了柴北缘赛什腾地区早-中奥陶世岩浆岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素、全岩主微量元素地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素资料。早-中奥陶世岩浆岩主要包括花岗闪长岩、变辉绿岩和变辉长岩, LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示花岗闪长岩年龄是485Ma, 变辉绿岩年龄是473Ma, 变辉长岩年龄为470~464Ma。花岗闪长岩为弱过铝质钙碱性花岗岩类, 轻重稀土分馏较强烈, La/Yb比值为18.0~25.1, (La/Yb)_N为12.9~18.0, Sr/Y比值(30.0~44.8)较高, Eu具轻度负异常, 全岩ε_Nd(t)为+1.1~+3.4, 初始⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值为0.7048~0.7060, 锆石ε_Hf(t)为+9.4~+11.3。变辉绿岩为拉斑玄武岩系列, 具有较高的MgO(5.31%~8.79%)含量和Mg^#值(47~58), 其Al₂O₃和CaO含量分别为14.5%~18.07%和7.79%~11.92%, TiO₂含量(0.41%~0.83%)较低; 此外, 其稀土总量较低(26.0×10^-6~62.5×10^-6), 轻重稀土分馏弱, (La/Yb)_N为3.3~4.0, 基本不具Eu异常(δEu=0.9~1.1);全岩ε_Nd(t)为+2.2~+5.5, 初始⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值为0.7049~0.7055, 锆石ε_Hf(t)为+7.3~+9.1。变辉长岩为拉斑玄武岩系列岩类, 富FeO^T(11.79%~15.45%)、低MgO(3.41%~5.23%)和Mg^#(31~44), TiO₂含量较高(介于1.06%~1.57%); 其稀土总量较低(59.2×10^-6~121.6×10^-6), 轻重稀土分馏弱, (La/Yb)_N为3.2~5.7, 不具Eu异常(δEu=0.9~1.1);全岩ε_Nd(t)为+1.4~+1.9, 初始⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值为0.7042~0.7044, 锆石ε_Hf(t)为+7.5~+13.9。根据以上地球化学特征推断: 花岗闪长岩源于有一定程度加厚的新生岛弧下地壳的部分熔融; 而变辉长岩和变辉绿岩则源于亏损地幔楔, 形成于俯冲相关的岩浆弧环境。结合以往研究成果, 本文认为赛什腾地区早古生代主要存在~514Ma、485~464Ma、444~437Ma三期岩浆岩, 形成于原特提斯洋洋内和陆缘俯冲(514~450Ma)以及闭合后陆陆碰撞过程(445~420Ma)。

     

柴达木盆地北缘早古生代碰撞造山系统

柴达木盆地北缘在早古生代形成了一条碰撞造山带，该造山带结构保存较完整，可分辨出深俯冲板片、火山岛弧带、蛇绿杂岩带、岛弧深成岩带等组成单元。其中，俯冲板块主要由中元古代鱼卡河岩群和中新元古代花岗片麻岩构成，在寒武纪末-奥陶纪可能全部或部分俯冲到岩石圈深部，发生了高压-超高压变质作用。火山岛弧主要由中基性火山岩、细碎屑岩等组成，成岩时代为晚寒武世-奥陶纪。蛇绿杂岩带由超镁铁质岩、辉长岩、玄武岩和少量硅质岩组成，形成于弧后扩张脊构造背景，成岩时代为寒武纪-奥陶纪。岛弧深成岩成分变化较大，由闪长岩变化到花岗岩，成岩时代为奥陶纪。而造山带北侧的欧龙布鲁克微陆块则具有双层结构，由德令哈杂岩和达肯大坂岩群构成基底，盖层为全吉群。     

柴达木盆地北缘古生代超高压带中花岗质岩浆作用

祁连南缘古生代超高压变质带 (榴辉岩年龄为 4 6 6～ 4 95 Ma)上一套中高级变质岩系 (达肯大坂片麻岩 )中存在三类花岗岩组合 : 类 :石英二长闪长岩 -花岗闪长岩 -二长花岗岩 , 类 :二长花岗岩 -二云母花岗岩-含白云母花岗岩 -正长花岗岩 , 类 :花岗闪长岩 -二长花岗岩 -黑云母花岗岩。 类岩石组合中的二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP年龄为 4 73Ma, 类岩石组合中的正长花岗岩锆石 SHRIMP年龄为 4 4 6 Ma, 类岩石组合中的二长花岗岩锆石 SHRIMP年龄为 397Ma。从三类花岗岩组合的组成矿物来看 , 类和 类的矿物组合主要为斜长石、角闪石、石英、碱性长石、黑云母 , 类的矿物组合为钾长石、石英、白云母、黑云母、斜长石 ;从岩石地球化学特征上看 , 类和 类花岗岩为 型花岗岩 ,岩石的 Si O2 =6 1%～ 6 9% ,Na2 O/ K2 O>1,ANK<1,δEu=0 .7～ 1.0 ; 类花岗岩为 S型花岗岩 ,岩石的 Si O2 =70 %～ 76 % ,Na2 O/ K2 O<1,ANK>1,δEu=0 .1～ 0 .3;从构造环境上看 , 类花岗岩形成于岛弧环境或活动大陆边缘 , 类花岗岩形成于同碰撞 , 类花岗岩形成于碰撞后。结合区域地质特征 ,我们认为 ,早奥陶世 ,南祁连洋板块向北俯冲于祁连陆块之下 ,规模不大的南祁连洋很快闭合 ,但俯冲下去的大洋板块仍拖动柴达木陆块继续俯冲 ,俯冲     

Occurrence of an Alaskan-type complex in the Middle Tianshan Massif,Central Asian Orogenic Belt: inferences from petrological and mineralogical studies

The Xiadong mafic–ultramafic complex lies in the central part of the Middle Tianshan Massif (MTM), along the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). This complex is composed of dunite, hornblende (Hbl) clinopyroxenite, hornblendite, and Hbl gabbro. These rocks are characterized by adcumulated textures and variable alteration. Orthopyroxene is an extremely rare mineral in all rock units and plagioclase is absent in dunite and Hbl clinopyroxenite. Hbl, Fe-chromite, and Cr-magnetite are common phases. Olivines have forsterite (Fo) contents ranging from 92.3 to 96.6. Clinopyroxenes are Ca-rich, Ti-poor diopsides, and mostly altered to tremolites or actinolites. Chromites display low TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents and high Cr# and Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺ + Mg) values. Primary and secondary Hbls show wide compositional variations. These petrological and mineralogical features as well as mineral chemistry are comparable to typical Alaskan-type complexes worldwide, which are widely considered to have formed above subduction zones. The chemistry of clinopyroxene and chromite supports an arc plate-tectonic origin for the Xiadong complex. Its confirmation as an Alaskan-type complex implies that the MTM, with Precambrian basement, was probably a continental arc during oceanic plate underflow and further supports the hypothesis of southward subduction of the Palaeozoic Junggar Ocean.     

柴北缘绿梁山地区早古生代弧后盆地型蛇绿岩的年代学、地球化学及大地构造意义

岩石学、地球化学、年代学及Lu-Hf同位素综合研究表明在柴北缘西段绿梁山大平沟地区出露一套弧后盆地型蛇绿岩,岩石类型主要包括变质橄榄岩、变火山岩、变辉长岩及斜长花岗岩。其中变火山岩具有LREE亏损,类似N-MORB的稀土配分模式,同时又具有富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素的岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,应形成在弧后盆地环境。斜长花岗岩为低钾准铝质花岗岩,具有LREE略微富集,HREE平坦的稀土配分型式,显示强烈Eu正异常,其εHf(t)值介于13.7～15.3之间,为变辉长岩部分熔融的产物,熔融温压条件可能为P=0.8～0.9GPa和T=～800℃。年代学研究结果表明变辉长岩的形成时代为535±2Ma,斜长花岗岩的形成时代为493±3Ma,指示本地区弧后盆地拉张时限至少介于493～535Ma之间,而柴北缘地区古大洋俯冲消减作用应早于535Ma。     

Age,origin, and tectonic implications of Palaeozoic rapakivi granites in the North Qaidam orogen,Northwest China

Palaeozoic rapakivi granites occur in the western segment of the China Central Orogenic System. Exhibiting typical rapakivi texture, these granites contain magmatic microgranular enclaves of intermediate compositions. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages for the granites and enclaves are 433 ± 5 Ma and 433 ± 3 Ma, respectively. The rapakivi granites are magnesian to ferroan, calc-alkalic to alkalic, and are characterized by high FeO_t/(FeO_t + MgO) (0.74–0.91) and Ga/Al ratios, and SiO₂, Na₂O + K₂O and rare earth element (apart from Eu) contents, but low CaO, Ba, and Sr contents. These are typical A-type granite geochemical features. The granites and enclaves exhibit a uniform decrease in TiO₂, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, FeO, and MgO with increasing SiO₂, and both lithologies have similar trace element patterns. Whole-rock ?_Nd(t) values vary from??9.2 to??8.7 for the granites and from??9.0 to??8.4 for the enclaves, but zircon ?_Hf(t) values vary more widely from??5.8 to??0.2 and??4.6 to +5.1, respectively. Our data suggest that the granites and enclaves have crystallized from different magmas. The granites appear to have been derived from old continental crust, whereas the enclaves required a source having a juvenile component. The spherical shape and undeformed nature of the granites and their geochemical characteristics, coupled with the (ultra)-high pressure metamorphism and evolution of Palaeozoic granitoid magmatism in the North Qaidam orogen, indicate that the rapakivi granites were generated in a post-collisional setting. These rocks are therefore an example of Palaeozoic rapakivi granites emplaced in a post-collisional, extensional orogenic setting.     

柴北缘沙柳河榴辉岩岩石学及年代学初步研究

柴达木盆地北缘东端沙柳河一带榴辉岩呈布丁构造赋存在新元古代末期花岗片麻岩中 ,榴辉岩主要由石榴石、绿辉石和金红石等矿物组成 ,石榴石含有 38%～ 4 4 %的铁铝榴石、2 2 %～ 2 3%的钙铝榴石和 31%～ 38%的镁铝榴石分子 ,绿辉石含有 35 %～ 38%硬玉分子。榴辉岩变质作用过程可分为三个阶段 ,第一阶段可能为绿帘角闪岩相 ,形成了残留在石榴石中的绿帘石 +角闪石早期矿物组合 ;第二阶段为榴辉岩相 ,形成了绿辉石 +石榴石 +金红石矿物共生组合 ,其温压条件为 :T =730℃ ,P >1.6Gpa ,代表了强烈俯冲时期 ;第三阶段为高角闪岩相 ,形成了普通辉石 +角闪石 +斜长石矿物共生组合 ,其温压条件为 :T =6 70℃ ,P =0 .3～ 0 .5Gpa。变质作用演化及P -T -t轨迹反映了其地球动力学过程是板块碰撞模式。榴辉岩的颗粒锆石U -Pb年龄 (484± 3)Ma可能代表榴辉岩相变质年龄。研究表明柴北缘存在一条早古生代的高压碰撞带     

柴北缘超高压变质带：从大洋到大陆的深俯冲过程

    柴北缘超高压变质带同我国大别- 苏鲁造山带类似,同属典型的大陆型俯冲碰撞带。柯石英在榴辉岩和片麻岩中均 有发现,且石榴橄榄岩锆石中含有金刚石。本文从岩石学、温压计算、地球化学和年代学四个方面,对此带中的鱼卡、绿 梁山、锡铁山和都兰4 个榴辉岩和石榴橄榄岩出露地区近些年的研究进展进行了系统详细的综述。与典型的大陆型俯冲碰 撞带不同,柴北缘超高压变质带保存了早期陆壳俯冲前发生的洋壳深俯冲的证据。因此,结合现有数据,本文对柴北缘超 高压变质带从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲碰撞的构造演化模式进行了探讨。     

东秦岭早古生代两条不同构造—岩浆杂岩带的形成构造环境

东秦岭造山带早古生代（５００Ｍａ～４００Ｍａ）分别在北秦岭和南秦岭发育两条构造－岩浆杂岩带。北秦岭带由洋盆消减的火山杂岩和深成侵入杂岩组成,是活动陆缘挤压构造背景的产物;南秦岭带由辉长、辉绿岩体、岩脉,超浅成隐爆的碱基性－超基性火山岩和粗面岩组成,是被动陆缘拉张裂陷环境的产物。它们平行造山带走向分布,南、北对峙,构成时空有序的构造－岩浆杂岩带。其形成的构造机制整体上受旱古生代古秦岭洋盆沿商丹一线的俯冲和消减作用的控制,造成北部俯冲挤压,南部拉张裂陷,同时南部的拉张裂陷也受陆壳之下地幔热柱上涌的影响。     

柴北缘托莫尔日特古元古代变质基底的发现——对早古生代缝合线位置的约束

柴北缘构造带东部托莫尔日特地区发现了古元古代片麻岩和斜长角闪岩,其构造归属对认识区域构造格局具有重要意义。托莫尔日特地区发育大量早古生代火山-沉积岩、蛇绿岩和侵入岩,片麻岩和其中透镜状斜长角闪岩仅出露于填图区东北侧,其原岩分别为花岗闪长岩和基性岩。用LA-ICP-MS技术测得片麻岩和斜长角闪岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄分别为2413±28 Ma（上交点年龄,n=29,MSWD=2.3）、1966±46 Ma（207Pb/206Pb年龄加权平均值,n=4,MSWD=1.7）和1922±22 Ma（上交点年龄,n=29,MSWD=1.3）。结合锆石特征认为,2413±28 Ma可代表片麻岩原岩岩浆的结晶年龄,1966±46 Ma和1922±22 Ma可分别代表片麻岩和斜长角闪岩的变质年龄。片麻岩具有典型埃达克岩高Sr低Y的地球化学特征,MgO、Cr和Ni含量较低,锆石εHf（t）值介于-0.8~+4.0之间,二阶段模式年龄为2704~2965 Ma,全岩εNd（t）值介于+0.8~+1.6之间,显示其可能为加厚下地壳部分熔融成因。古元古代变质岩的岩石组合、地球化学特征、形成时代等均与北侧德令哈杂岩特征一致,表明其属于北侧欧龙布鲁克地块变质基底,而非柴北缘构造带。这一认识约束了柴北缘缝合线的位置,进一步将该地区缝合线限定在赛坝沟蛇绿岩和古元古代变质岩之间很窄的范围内。     

柴达木盆地北缘早奥陶世陆 弧碰撞及弧后前陆盆地——来自碎屑岩地球化学的证据

奥陶纪是柴达木盆地北缘早古生代碰撞造山演化的重要时期,柴达木地块与滩间山岛弧碰撞起始时限以及欧龙布鲁克海盆盆地类型、构造-古地理格局一直存在争议。本文在对欧龙布鲁克地块早奥陶世碎屑岩沉积野外观测及室内分析的基础上,测试了30个砂泥岩样品的主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素含量。结果表明,石灰沟组碎屑岩建造具有快速堆积、低成分成熟度、低结构成熟度的特征;该套碎屑岩沉积于活动大陆边缘背景下的弧后前陆盆地,碎屑物质来自南部由大陆上地壳与岛弧物质组成的上隆基底;早奥陶世(488~472 Ma)柴达木地块与滩间山岛弧陆-弧碰撞已经开始,但陆-弧碰撞起始时间不会早于493Ma。在此基础上,结合前人研究成果,认为早古生代欧龙布鲁克地块处于滩间山岛弧北部,盆地沉降、沉积演化受柴达木盆地北缘洋盆俯冲及柴达木地块-滩间山岛弧碰撞控制,寒武纪发育弧后伸展盆地,奥陶纪初期转为弧后挤压前陆盆地,弧后伸展与弧后挤压、沉积体系转换发生在490~480Ma之间。该成果从沉积学角度为柴达木盆地北缘陆-弧碰撞起始时限提供了新的制约。     

榴辉岩的两种变质演化轨迹和俯冲大陆地壳的差异折返——以柴北缘都兰超高压地体为例

都兰榴辉岩地体位于柴北缘—南阿尔金超高压变质带的东端,是唯一确定含柯石英的超高压变质地体,约700 km,其特点是含有两个特征不同的变质亚带,并经历了不同的折返过程。柯石英假像和温压计算表明两带榴辉岩峰期变质的压力都在柯石英的稳定域（2.8~3.3 GPa）,但它们退化变质的p–T 轨迹具有明显不同的特征。北带榴辉岩经历了两个阶段的折返：早期从地幔深度快速折返到中部地壳层次,伴随岩石的等温降压,并发生角闪岩相退化变质;晚期抬升到地壳浅部。都兰南带榴辉岩折返过程中经历了高压麻粒岩相变质的改造,高压麻粒岩阶段的p–T条件为p＝1.9~2.0 GPa,T＝873~948℃, 并进一步经历了角闪岩相退化变质,说明都兰南带榴辉岩折返速率较慢,发生了壳幔过渡带（或加厚的深部地壳）层次的强烈热松弛。这种热松弛发生在许多大陆俯冲带的超高压岩石的折返过程中,并且是榴辉岩发生深熔作用的主要机制。都兰两个变质带不同的变质演化轨迹反映了俯冲的大陆地壳具有差异折返的特征。