直流电弧原子发射光谱法测定钛和钛合金中微量杂质元素

高纯度的钛及钛合金具有良好的可塑性,当有杂质存在时变得脆而硬而影响其性能,准确分析杂质元素的含量有利于对钛生产工艺进行质量控制。对于杂质元素的分析,现行国家标准方法是采用样品蒸发温度较高的直流电弧作为光源,摄谱仪测定,需要经过显影、定影、测量黑度等步骤,操作繁琐,流程长,测量误差较大。本文应用中阶梯光栅和电荷耦合器件(CCD)组成的直流电弧(DC Arc)原子发射光谱仪(波长范围200~800nm),谱线干扰分析和谱线强度测量可以同时进行,能更大限度地获取光谱信息,建立了快速测定钛及钛合金中10种微量杂质元素(锰锡铬镍铝钼钒铜锆钇)的分析方法。实验讨论了测定过程中的四类谱线干扰,包括钛作为基体元素的谱线干扰、钛合金中添加的化学成分元素干扰、铁谱线的干扰、杂质元素之间的干扰,确定了适当的分析线;并应用一种浅孔薄壁细颈杯形电极装入试样,提高了样品的蒸发效果;用氯化银和碳粉的混合物作缓冲剂,提高了待测元素的谱线强度。本方法的检测范围为0.001%~0.06%,精密度小于15%,回收率为90.0%~110.0%,适合于大批量钛及钛合金样品中杂质元素的同时检测。     

快速消除铈-砷体系催化动力学光度法测定铱的干扰

Ce（Ⅳ）-As（Ⅲ）体系测定铱的关键问题是解决干扰。讨论了利用此体系测定复杂地质样品中痕量铱的干扰问题。通过加入活化剂等方法，有效消除了Ce（Ⅳ）-As（Ⅲ）体系中铂、钯元素对测定铱的严重干扰。用此拟定的方法一人测定一批50个样品，仅需3天，标样的测定值与标准值符合较好。     

堆浸生产中高锑样品金的测定

在堆浸提金生产中，应用高锑样品的湿法测金方法，用氯化铵和溴化氢挥发法除去锑对金测定的干扰，用氢醌容量法测定，快速、简单、效果明显。     

应用萃取色谱法测定地质样品中的铀和钍

应用萃取色谱法测定地质样品中的铀和钍已经开发出来，样品准备好之后，用氢氧化铁（Ⅲ）沉淀预富集铀和钍，然后用UTEVA树脂分离，分离后的铀和钍被电解淀积到不锈钢盘式压片机上后，用α-光谱测量法测量。应用沥青铀矿石、珊瑚和花岗岩参考物质对方法进行验证，被测定参考物质的铀、钍含量和^234U/^238U及^230Th/^234U活度比值均与推荐值一致，发现钚的存在干扰测定，但应用氨基磺酸亚铁还原后，消除了钚的干扰问题，该方法的化学回收过程与阴离子交换法相似，但萃取色谱法应用化学试剂少，分离速度更快、更迅速。     

断续流动在线分离富集-蒸气发生原子荧光光谱法测定复杂环境样品中痕量镉

用D201阴离子交换树脂富集样品中的痕量Cd，使Cd与共存干扰元素Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn有效分离，消除了这些元素对镉蒸气发生的干扰，从而建立了断续流动在线分离富集-蒸气发生原子荧光光谱法测定复杂环境样品中痕量Cd的分析方法。方法的检出限为3ng／L（3σ）；测定精密度（RSD）为1．9％（对1μg/L Cd，n=11）。用该方法对国家一级标准物质（土壤、水系沉积物和岩石）中的痕量镉进行了测定，结果与标准值相符。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测试地质样品中的基体效应及校正办法

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）法分析速度快、干扰较少并能同时测定多种元素，被广泛应用于地质调查样品的分析测试中，成为通用的无机化学元素分析测试工具.在测定复杂基体样品时，由于基体效应产生的各种干扰也会影响分析测试结果，包括光谱干扰、物理干扰、化学干扰、电离干扰等.以ICAP-6000型号仪器为例，结合仪器特点及实际工作经验，对复杂基体地质样品测定中出现干扰的原因、特点进行分析，探讨基体消除的方法以保障测试结果的准确性.     

地质年龄测定中高Rb／Sr样品部分除铷处理方法

介绍了地质年龄测定中对高Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ样品，用吸附了六硝基二苯胺的阴离子交换树脂除去部分铷元素的新方法，从而实现样品在阳离子交换柱上的铷锶安全分离。该方法可解决Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ〉２０样品在质谱分析测定中＾８７Ｒｂ干扰＾８７Ｓ的问题。     

氢化物-原子荧光法快速测定化探样品中微量硒和碲

在沸水浴中用王水分解样品，以盐酸为还原剂，三价铁盐为干扰元素抑制剂（一般化探样品均含有铁，故无须另外加入），直接用氢化物一原子荧光光谱法测定化探样品中微量硒和碲。方法检出下限分别为：LD（Se）=0．1ng／L；LD（Te）=0．01ng／L。方法准确、简便、快速，可满足大批量化探样品中微量硒和碲的测定要求。用本分析方法测定不同基体成分的六个国家级化探标样中的硒、碲，测定结果与标准值基本一致，8次测定的标准偏差（RSD）分别为RSD（Se）=6．6％～9．5％，RSD（Te）=3．6％～8．4％。     

双毛细管在线干扰校正-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定含铀地质样品中微量铅

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地质样品中的铅时,基体元素的干扰会使测量结果偏低。本文用氢氟酸、硝酸、高氯酸、盐酸溶解样品,采用等径双毛细管在线干扰校正的方法测定了含铀地质样品中的微量铅。首先通过双毛细管确定了样品溶液中的Fe、Al对铅有负干扰,而一定浓度的U、Ba、Ti、Ca、Mn、K、Mg、Na等基体元素没有干扰或可以忽略,由此在线双毛细管根据样品中Fe、Al的含量使用不同的校正试液建立标准曲线,测定未知样品时同步进行稀释,降低了Fe、Al的基体效应。方法检出限为1.5μg/g,精密度(RSD)小于5%。与普通干扰校正法相比,双毛细管在线干扰校正法可根据不同基体的样品使用不同的干扰校正试液,快速建立标准曲线进行复杂样品的测定,且避免了二次稀释,节省试剂,适合测定基体成分接近的批量样品。     

氨水分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定化探样品中的银

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定化探样品中的Ag时,两个同位素107Ag和109Ag分别受90Zr16O1H、91Zr16O和92Zr16O1H、93Nb16O等的干扰,即使采用干扰系数法校正,测定结果误差仍较大。本文采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸封闭分解样品,氨水沉淀分离干扰元素Zr后以103Rh为内标用ICP-MS测定,溶液中残留Zr对107Ag的测定干扰采用干扰系数法进行校正。方法检出限(3σ)为4.1 ng/g,相对标准偏差(n=12)为2.5%~7.8%。经53个地球化学标准物质验证,溶液中的Ag未见损失。本方法是在氨性介质中Ag与氨形成稳定的络合离子,而Zr则生成氢氧化物沉淀,实现了Ag和Zr的分离,大大减小了Zr对Ag的测定干扰;采用封闭分解样品,减少用酸量,降低了样品空白值,操作方法比高压密闭分解和P507萃淋树脂分离方法更简便快速。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of