1983年夏季西北太平洋上台风活动期的热带环流特征

台风发生数存在着年际变化.章基嘉和Chan研究了台风发生数与大气环流之间的联系,这是台风发生数长期预报的物理基础.台风发生数除年际变化外还存在着季节内的变化.台风主要发生在夏季,随大气环流的季节变化,西北太平洋进入台风季节.但台风季节内某一段时期有台风的连续发生和活动,我们称这一段时期为台风活动期;另一段时期无台风发生和活动,我们称它为无台风活动期.因为台风的发生是受环流制约的,故台风活动期与无台风活动期之间应有不同的环流.这种影响季节内台风活动的环流特征至今还不十分清楚.本文研究1983年夏季台风活动期的环流特征,为进一步研究并探讨台风中期预报提供一定的物理基础.     

西北太平洋台风路径的聚类分析

重点研究了1983—2002年的西北太平洋台风最佳路径数据资料集,运用Python编程语言,编写聚类分析程序,对台风数据进行聚类分析。通过资料中包含的台风强度、中心位置坐标的台风路径特征参数,利用K均值聚类法对西北太平洋台风路径进行客观地分类,分类数选定为6类。比较各类台风路径类型的生成位置、强度、气候趋势等特征,为台风路径的气候预测提供有用的信息。结果主要表明:6类台风包含4类转向路径台风和两类西北偏西的直行路径台风;直行路径台风几乎全部影响我国,转向路径中只有1类台风主要影响我国;从各类台风发生的频数来看,两类直行路径台风均呈下降趋势,有3类转向路径台风呈上升趋势。     

台风波浪场的分析

本文应用西北太平洋50个台风的波浪资料进行了统计分析,获得了台风主要参数与台风波高之间的关系:(1)台风波高随风速的增大而增高;(2)台风移动方向右半圆的波高大于左半圆;(3)台风波高随离开台风中心距离的减少而增大。     

2022年西北太平洋和南海台风活动概述

利用中国气象局热带气旋最佳路径等资料,对2022年西北太平洋及南海台风活动的主要特征和影响我国台风的路径、强度及风雨影响进行分析和回顾。结果表明：2022年西北太平洋及南海台风生成个数与常年持平,台风总体强度偏弱,生成源地显著偏北;登陆台风个数偏少,登陆强度偏弱;有3个台风集中在广东西部登陆,另外强台风“梅花”是1949年以来首个4次登陆不同省份的台风。全年多台风事件频发,共存的台风共计有11组,历史罕见。2022年台风灾害影响较轻,夏台风偏少,秋台风活跃。     

基于最大熵原理的台风统计预报

台风以最无序的方式在沿海各地登陆，意味着台风熵达到了极大值。在给定的约束条件下，当台风熵取极大值时，台风强度是一种指数分布。根据最大熵原理和1949年以来中国登陆台风的实测资料，揭示了台风强度的分布形式，提出了台风复发期的概念，这对登陆台风的统计预报有所裨益。     

台风扰动下上海港潮位的增减水变化

文章根据解放后影响上海的几次台风及相应水位资料,分析了上海港水域增减水过程与台风中心到达的位置,台风路径,台风强度、风向等关系。认为上海港台风风暴潮在天文潮已确定的情况下,还与台风强度、路径、系统配置等有密切关系。一般说来,增水以沿海北上台风比在闽、浙登陆的台风影响大。     

影响湛江的台风风场数值模拟

本文利用对称型台风风场模型和基于特征线的非对称型台风风场，同时采用背景风场与台风模型风场的合成的方法，研究了影响湛江的台风气压场和风场的数值模拟。研究结果表明：(1)当台风气压场的不对称特征明显时，采用非对称型台风风场模型模拟的结果明显优于对称型台风风场模型的结果；(2)利用背景风场与台风模型风场的合成要比单独使用台风模型风场更好。     

再论台风波浪的波型及其与海岩工程设计波浪要素的关系

本文以实测台风波浪资料对台风影响过程中固定点波浪能量集中度的变化和有效波陡的变化进行分析，得出华南近岸浅水区台风波浪的波型与台风中心位置的统计关系，并进一步阐明了台风过程中固定点出现较大台风波浪的波型是风浪以及用于海岸工程设计的台风波浪亦为风浪的结论，文中讨论了台风波浪波型对海岸工程建设中的设计波高，周期等要素取值的影响。     

一种准确通用的台风路径预报模式

应用天气学理论,对台风云图的晴空区轴线制约台风移动的规律进行物理解释。根据台风云团与晴空区之间存在的干、湿梯度力和推动台风前进的惯性力的互相关系,建立台风移向预报方程和轨迹预报方程,分析论证了台风移向变化的物理过程,把影响台风移动的复杂因子转化为单一的预报因子。     

台风转向的动力学诊断分析

定量分析了作用在台风上的各种力对台风转向所起作用的程度，指出了判定台风转向的动力学和天气学条件，证明了台风强度移速和气压场变化是台风转向的原因。     

Assessment of Impact on Seafloor Features in INDEX Area

Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions.     

Diversity and distribution of bacterial community in the coastal sediments of Bohai Bay, China

In order to understand the diversity and distribution of the bacterial community in the coastal sediment of the Bohai Bay,China,high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S r RNA gene was used.Metagenomic DNA was extracted from the sediment samples,and was sequenced using a 454 GS FLX Titanium system.At 97%similarity,the sequences were assigned to 22 884 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) which belonged to 41 phyla,84 classes,268 genera and 789 species.At the different taxonomic levels,both the dominants and their distribution varied significantly among the six coastal sediments.Proteobacteria was the first dominant phylum across all the six coastal sediments,representing 57.52%,60.66%,45.10%,60.92%,56.63% and 56.59%,respectively.Bacteroidetes was the second dominant phylum at Stas S1,S2 and S4,while Chloroflexi was the second dominant phylum at Stas S3,S5 and S6.At class level,γ-Proteobacteria was the first dominant class at Stas S1,S2,S4 and S6,while δ-Proteobacteria became the first dominant class at Stas S3 and S5.In addition,a large proportion of unclassified representatives have distributed at the different taxonomic levels.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) results indicated that the sediment texture,water depth(D),dissolved oxygen(DO),total nitrogen(TN) and nine EPA priority control polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) including naphthalene,acenaphthylene,acenaphthene,fluorine,phenanthrene,fluoranthene,pyrene,benzo[a]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were the important factors in regulating the bacterial community composition.Those results are very important to further understand the roles of bacterial community in the coastal biogeochemical cycles.     

Risk Assessment for Tuzla Naval Base Breakwater

1 .IntroductionTurkeywasstruckbytwomajorearthquakeeventsonAugust 1 7thandNovember 1 2th ,1 999,namedIzmit (Mw=7.4 )andD櫣ｚｃｅ (Mw=7.2 )earthquakes,respectively .ThestationsoperatedbytheGeneralDirectorateofDisasterAffairs,theKandilliObservatoryandEarthquakeResearchInstituteofIstanbulTechnicalUniversitymeasuredatleast 2 7stronggroundmotionsfortheIzmitearthquakewithin 2 0 0kmofthefault.AsignificantsegmentofthefaultrupturedintheareabetweenthewestofGolcukandtheeastofLakeSapanca .Inthesou…     

The influence of main ecological and environmental factors on the energy budget of Schlegel''s black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli

In the Maidao Ecological Laboratory of the Huanghai Sea Fisheries Research Institute in 1998 ~ 2000, the continuous flow-through method was adopted to determine the energy budget components and models of Schlegel＇ s black rockfish under different ecological and environmental factors, such as temperature, food species, body mass and feeding level, etc. The body mass of test fish ranged from 21.2 to 224.5 g. The specific growth rate tended to invert ＂U＂ change with temperature increase. The ecological conversion efficiency showed the same trend as temperature and feeding level rise. Only the specific growth rate tended to decelerate the increment with the rise of feeding level. From the above quantitative relationships, the maximum and optimal growth temper- atures could be obtained as 17.5 and 16.2 ℃, and the maintenance feeding rate and optimum feeding rate as 0.8% and 4. 1% of the body mass. The specific growth rate and ecological conversion coefficient showed a decelerating decrease trend with body mass increment. The small-sized fish food was more advantageous to the feeding level increase in comparison with the small-sized shrimp food, which led to the increase of growth, metabolism and excretion, but had no significant influence on the ecological conversion coefficient. All of temperature, feeding level, body mass and food species can obviously change the energy budget models. The assigning rate of growth energy tended to change along the invert ＂U＂ curve with the increase of temperature and feeding level, and decrease with the body mass increase, but the assigning rates of metabolism energy and excretion energy were quite reverse. These relationships could be quantitatively described as quadratic or power function curve. If the above relationships proved true to other marine fish, the establishment of energy budget model of the same fish under different conditions can be largely simplified.     

我国海南省东南部台湾那屿藻的形态观察及系统发育分析

那屿藻属(新拟名)Yonagunia Kawaguchi et Masuda隶属于红藻门海膜科, 本研究通过对该属的台湾那屿藻(新拟名)Yonagunia formosana (Okamura) Kawaguchi et Masuda进行了形态学和基于rbcL序列的系统发育分析, 证实台湾那屿藻存在于我国海南省东南部地区, 并较为详细地描述了该物种的分枝形式、小育枝、皮层细胞等营养结构以及生殖结构, 发现藻体的枝端形状比最初报道的模式种更加多样化, 且藻体各部分结构(分枝形式、小育枝、皮层细胞等)的大小与最初报道的模式种也存在一定的差异。本研究是我国海南省东南部地区台湾那屿藻的首次分子系统发育学研究报道。     

昌黎生态监控区近五年潮间带生物多样性研究

为研究昌黎生态监控区典型生态系统2013-2017年夏季潮间带生物的多样性,基于调查区两个航次5个断面的潮间带生物监测数据,对多样性指数、密度、均匀度、优势度等进行评价分析。结果表明:2013- 2017年夏季共鉴定潮间带生物28种,各年份依次分别为2种、11种、4种、5种、6种。5年潮间带生物总的生物密度分别为8个/m^2、45个/m^2、328个/m^2、23个/m^2和124个/m^2 ,由此种类组成和生物密度变化趋势均波动很大。2013- 2017 年多样性指数(H')分别为0. 81、2. 73、2. 95、1. 56、1.81;均匀度指数(J)分别为0.81、0. 79、0. 82、0.67、0.70;丰富度指数(d)分别为0. 33、1.82、1.73.0. 59、1. 01,2015年三项指标明显分别是最高年份。以优势度指数Y>0.04确定潮间带优势种类,优势种共15种。     

中国海洋无脊椎动物分类学与系统演化研究进展与展望

综述了我国海域无脊椎动物的分类学和系统演化研究的历史和概况,以及我国分类系统学工作者在海洋无脊椎动物分类学、区系与动物地理学、系统发育与分子系统学领域的主要工作,重点介绍了中国科学院海洋研究所的海洋无脊椎动物分类学工作。涉及类群包括原生动物、海绵动物、刺胞动物、线虫、多毛类环节动物、星虫、螠虫、软体动物、节肢动物、苔藓动物、毛颚动物、棘皮动物、半索动物等主要的无脊椎动物门类。涉及海域以我国管辖海域,特别是中国近海为主,也涉及了西太平洋、西南印度洋等深海环境的无脊椎动物类群的分类学报道。本文总结过去,展望未来,对于在我国在海洋无脊椎动物分类与系统演化研究领域成就基础上,发现薄弱环节,研讨今后本学科的发展方向,填补研究空白,赶超本领域国际前沿,都有重要借鉴意义。     

管角螺消化系统的组织学研究

本研究采用解剖学及组织学方法对管角螺消化系统的结构进行了系统分析．结果表明,管角螺的消化系统由消化道和消化腺两大部分组成．消化道包含吻、食道、嗉囊、胃、肠、直肠及肛门;消化腺由唾液腺、肝及食道腺组成,其中肝为最大消化腺．唾液腺细胞分为粘液细胞和分泌细胞;食道腺细胞由排泄细胞和杯状细胞组成．在光学显微镜下,消化道的管壁由外向内依次为：外膜、肌层、粘膜下层和粘膜层4层;唾液腺、肝及食道腺均为复管状腺．管角螺的肝由肝被膜和许多盲管（肝小管）组成,肝管的组织结构与消化道基本相同,内有单层纤毛柱状上皮,可观察到肌层和管腔。     

Analysis of the Black Sea sediments by evaluating DSDP Leg 42B drilling data for gas hydrate potential

Many gas seepages, temperature, pressure, salinity, anoxic environment and high source gas potential of the Black Sea indicates that the Black Sea might have huge potentials for biogenic and thermogenic gas hydrates. However, the last important parameter to consider gas hydrate as an energy source is the type of sediments. Coarse marine sands are considered as good hydrate reservoirs because of high porosity and high permeability. Only very limited data is available related to the types of lithology of the Black Sea sediments. Hence, in this study, the literature data (especially the drilling and coring data of DSDP Leg 42B program) about gas seepages, temperature gradient, pressure gradient, salinity, anoxic environment and high source gas potential, and the types of the sediments in the Black Sea were investigated and analyzed. Although gas seepages, temperature gradient, pressure gradient, salinity, anoxic environment and high source gas potential of the Black Sea are appropriate for producible gas hydrate reservoirs, the sediments of the Black Sea appear to be generally fine grained with high clay content. Sandy-silt and silty sand layers in turbidites of the Black Sea might be potential producible hydrate reservoirs but these sediments are fine. As well as turbidites, separate thin sand layers might be potential gas hydrate reservoirs as an energy source in the Black Sea.     

Fingerprinting petroleum hydrocarbons in plankton and surface sediments during the spring and early summer blooms in the Galician coast (NW Spain) after the Prestige oil spill

Plankton samples (20-350 microm and >350 microm) collected at three transects along the Galician coast (NW Spain) were analysed for individual aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by GC-MS. Sample collection was performed in April-July 2003, after the Prestige oil spill (November 2002), to determine whether the hydrocarbons released into the water column as a consequence of the spill were accumulated by the planktonic communities during the subsequent spring and early summer blooms. Surface sediments were also collected to assess the presence of the spilled oil, removed from the water column by downward particle transport. Plankton concentrations of PAHs (Sigma14 parent components) were in the range of 25-898 ng g(-1)dw, the highest values being close to coastal urban areas. However, the individual distributions were highly dominated by alkyl naphthalenes and phenanthrenes, paralleling those in the water dissolved fraction. The detailed study of petrogenic molecular markers (e.g. steranes and triterpanes, and methyl phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes) showed the occurrence of background petrogenic pollution but not related with the Prestige oil, with the possible exception of the station off Costa da Morte in May 2003, heavily oiled after the accident. The dominant northerly wind conditions during the spring and early summer 2003, which prevented the arrival of fresh oil spilled from the wreck, together with the heavy nature of the fuel oil, which was barely dispersed in seawater, and the large variability of planktonic cycles, could be the factors hiding the acute accumulation of the spilled hydrocarbons. Then, with the above exception, the concentrations of PAHs found in the collected samples, mostly deriving from chronic pollution, can be considered as the reference values for the region.