我国陆源污染物总量控制实践对海域总量控制制度建设的启示

落实重点海域排污总量控制,应当建立一套适合我国国情并与陆海统筹各部门相衔接的制度。比较了“九五”至“十二五”时期我国陆源污染物总量控制制度目标及完成情况,总结了总量控制制度发展至今形成的具有中国特色的管理体系和技术体系。认为污染物总量控制工作“九五”和“十五”未完成计划而“十一五” 超额完成目标的原因是：自“十一五”起总量工作纳入政府环境目标责任制,建立符合国情的总量管理体系,制定循序渐进的工作路线图,出台了完善的配套制度。据此对即将开展的海域污染物总量控制制度建设提出了建议。     

渤海生态压力及对策分析

近年来环渤海地区经济快速发展,沿海开发活动日趋频繁。由于污染物排海、自然生境破坏等造成的近岸海域水质污染、海洋灾害频发、关键生态区域破坏、自然岸线减少、渔业资源衰退,给海洋生态环境带来巨大压力。针对上述问题,从可持续发展的角度提出相应的缓解对策和建议,包括做好宣传工作、制定相关法律、建立生态红线制度和总量控制制度、建立灾害预警系统、严格控制围填海、修复渔业资源等。     

天津陆源入海污染状况及变化趋势研究

文章通过对天津陆源入海污染源和邻近海域的污染评价分析,研究了2011—2012年,天津近岸海域污染状况以及变化趋势,结果显示:天津近岸海域污染现状日趋严重,入海污染物主要为化学需氧量、无机氮和总磷,提出了应加强对陆源排污口的监控和入海污染物总量控制的管理建议。     

洋浦经济开发区污水排海总量控制

研究建立洋浦近岸海域岸界自适应网格变动边界的潮流模型及物质输运模型。对开发区提出的多种污水排海方案进行污水质点拉格朗日追踪、污水排海的水质预测及工程投资分析 ,推荐了最佳排污口位置 ,最后计算了污水最大排放量及 8种污染物控制指标排放总量 ,为洋浦开发区的环境管理与保护提供决策依据。     

胶州湾近岸海域水质状况调查与评价

根据2005年5月、8月和10月对胶州湾近岸海域的水质调查结果,应用单因子污染指数和富营养化指数进行了该海域的水质评价和分析.结果表明:PO43--P在局部海域有超标现象,DIN则超标严重;E值在0.24~64.92范围,该海域水体呈富营养化。与往年相比,湾内部分水域COD、DIN及PO43--P含量有所提高,应根据海域纳污能力,实施陆源污染物排海总量控制。     

漳浦排污口和邻近海域环境质量评价与分析

根据污染物排海总量控制的实际需求,分析漳浦排污口与邻近海域环境影响的因素,尤其涉及当今普遍关注的海水水质恶化、赤潮频发和生态系统失衡等海洋生态环境问题,其研究结果可为环境保护提供科学依据.     

入海污染物总量控制制度与技术的研究进展

文章以总量控制的概念为出发点,从立法与政策、方法与技术、总量控制下的排污权交易制度3个方面对国内外入海污染物总量控制的相关研究进行了归纳总结,同时分析了我国现阶段实施入海污染物总量控制制度存在的问题,最后,针对这些问题提出了完善我国入海污染物总量控制制度的一些建议。     

青岛东部开发区排污口优选

在青岛东部邻近海域潮流模型的基础上,对青岛市政工程处提出的污水排海位置的多种方案,进行拉格朗日标识质点数值跟踪及海域水质预测,通过比选,从环境角度确定了最佳的排污口位置,并对污水排海方式,及总量控制提出建议。     

海洋环境容量分析在规划环境影响评价中的应用

海洋环境容量是沿海城市区域发展的重要约束条件之一,根据规划环境影响评价的特点,在计算近岸海域汇流区域内污染物排放总量的基础上,预测规划年污染物排海总量,从而制定陆源污染物排海总量控制措施和目标,优化调整规划方案,海洋环境容量的大小与海域特征和海水水质目标有关。文章以大连湾为例,在潮流场数值模拟的基础上,计算了大连湾受纳水体水质对排放源的响应关系,结合混合区的确定,计算了主要污染物ＣＯＤ、无机氮和活性磷酸盐的最大允许排放量,为各个排污口排放的不同污染物制定相应的排放与削减量提供依据。     

洋浦近岸海域污染控制规划方案优化——Ⅱ.水质预测及污染物入海总量控制

在洋浦近岸海域潮流数值模型的基础上,建立了该海域的平流—扩散输运模型,利用该模型进行多种规划方案下的水质预测,计算污染物排海的控制总量,并对规划方案进行优化。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.