水文地球化学模型研究进展

水文地球化学模型是目前水文地球化学研究的重要工具,通过模拟可以确定地下水系统中的水化学演化过程,揭示地球深部的水循环机理。同位素方法的使用、模型的完善及模拟程序的不断升级,使得模拟工作得到进一步发展。本文重点概述了水文地球化学的主要模型:组分分布模型、质量平衡模型和反应路径模型。近几年中,在放射性废物处置、地下水中有机污染影响及垃圾填埋场渗滤液迁移方面,水文地球化学模型得到了很好的应用。考虑环境问题以及与水动力学模型耦合是水文地球化学模型今后的发展方面。     

华北型煤田水文地球化学勘探关键技术研究进展

华北型煤田是我国重要的煤炭基地,水文地球化学勘探是解决煤田开采过程中一系列水文地质问题的重要手段。在概化华北型煤田典型水文地质结构的基础上,分析采动影响下典型水文地质问题,揭示了华北型煤田地下水多场耦合关系与水文地球化学勘探作用机制及其测试分析处理技术;通过回顾水文地球化学理论发展历史,明确华北型煤田水文地球化学勘探技术的可靠性;汇总地下水常用的水文地球化学组分及其测试仪器,并从图解法、数理统计法、物理模拟和数值模拟等方面阐述水文地球化学勘探的技术手段;在此基础上,从地下水资源评价、突水水源动态识别、水文地球化学时空演化、地下水动力异常反演、地质结构异常反演、地下水混合模式构建及水热资源勘察等角度综述了多场耦合下华北型煤田水文地球化学勘探关键技术的应用研究进展,明确了水文地球化学勘探的优越性与可操作性。结合华北型煤田水文地质条件,提出华北型煤田水文地球化学勘探典型技术核心及其存在的问题,指明了水文地球化学勘探技术研究的努力方向。     

水文地球化学模拟研究的现状

水文地球化学模拟是研究地质生态，地下水污染的一种新的方法，是多学科综合研究的产物，通过各种不同的水文地球化学模型，可以定量模拟各种自然过程和人类活动影响下水－岩相互作用及地下水中污染质的运移过程，预测地下水污染的发生，发展趋势，指导地地下水的监测，保护及合理开采，是地下水管理中不可缺少的一部分。综述了有关水文地球化学模拟研究的现状，对水溶液组分平衡的地球化学模型，地下水溶质运移模型，耦合水化学模型     

区域地下水演化的地球化学研究进展

由于区域地质特征、水文地质条件、气候影响和人类活动的差异性,导致区域地下水演化的地球化学过程复杂、影响因素众多.在总结近年来国内外区域地下水化学演化研究大量成果的基础上,综述了地下水演化的地球化学系统分析方法,地下水演化研究的水文地球化学方法、同位素地球化学和元素地球化学方法和技术以及地下水演化的地球化学模拟方法和技术及常用软件.指出在今后的一段时期内,区域地下水自然演化与人类活动的复合作用、地下水与地表水的相互作用、微生物-水-岩相互作用将是区域地下水地球化学研究的热点领域,其中物理、化学、生物的耦合作用将是区域地下水演化的地球化学研究的重点领域.     

基于SWAT模型的新疆喀什地区地下水时空变化动态模拟研究

地下水是干旱半干旱地区地下水的重要组成部分,该区域地下水动态研究一直是热点问题,受关注程度较高。近年来,一些分布式水文模型在不同区域水文时空模拟中得到具体应用,本文结合SWAT模型对新疆喀什某区域地下水进行时空动态模拟。研究成果表明:SWAT模型可适用于新疆喀什地区的地下水动态模拟,模型计算值和区域地下水监测值之间的误差在6.20%~14.86%之间,相关系数在0.527~0.684之间;降水量偏大区域,其地下径流补给相对较大,区域地下水总体呈现南大北小的分布趋势。研究成果对于新疆地区地下水时空演变动态分析提供方法参考。     

地球化学模拟及其在水文地质中的应用

从正向地球化学模拟、反向地球化学模拟和水文地球化学模拟三方面系统概述了地球化学模拟的研究进展；结合笔者近年来的科研实践，对其在水文地质中的应用作了介绍，并着重讨论了地下水化学组分存在形式、矿物饱和指数的计算、水化学组分测量及地下水地球化学演化等方面的应用；最后，指出了这一领域中当前存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

扎赉诺尔煤田水文地球化学特征及成因分析

扎赉诺尔煤田地处山前,有利的地理环境条件形成了独特的水文地质特征—地下水的垂直分带和地下水顺层径流。其特有的水文地球化学环境导致了地下水成分的差异性。本文从水文地球化学的角度,对煤田地下水的水文地球化学特征及成因进行了论述分析。     

地矿部科技情报工作交流会在峨嵋山市召开

在华北平原、地方性氟中毒疾病主要由于饮水中含氟量高而引起，属饮水型病区。本文分析了地氟病致病的主要环境因素，讨论了形成高氟地下水的水文地球化学环境，并以河北邢台地区山前平源浅层地下水系统为例，应用地下水地球化学模拟的理论和方法，对研究区浅层地下水系统氟的水文地球化学进行定量研究，从统计学的角度研究了浅层高氟地下水中的组分存在形成与地氟病患病率的相关关系。     

地球化学模式程序在铀矿找矿中的应用——以巴音戈壁盆地塔木素地区为例

首先简述了地球化学模式程序、与铀成矿有关的水文地球化学参数及区域地质、水文地球化学概况,并研究了区内水文地球化学环境。在此基础上,依据区内水质分析资料,运用地球化学模式程序(PHREEQC)计算了下白垩统地下水中沥青铀矿饱和指数(SI)、Eh反应条件边界值(Ehb,U)及Eh反应条件指数(RCIEh)等。认为该区局部地段在下白垩统地下水的深部存在Ehw﹤Ehb,U,RCIEh<0,SI>0的条件,即地下水处于过渡环境中,地下水中铀处于沉淀析出的饱和或过饱和状态,与岩石地球化学环境吻合性较好。因而在区内具有铀矿化的可能性,已被区内发现的工业铀矿化得到了证实。     

平顶山矿区岩溶水系统水-岩相互作用的随机水文地球化学模拟

在前期工作的基础上,基于新的（补充）采集的地下水化学样品的分析数据,以ＷＡＴＥＱ４Ｆ模型为基础,应用本次研究中开发的耦合的ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ－ＷＡＴＥＱ４Ｆ模型,对平顶山矿区地下水系统中水－岩反应状态进行了随机水文地球化学模拟和评价。结果表明：随机水文地球化学模拟方法具有很好的实用性和应用性和应用前景;在模拟研究区内地下水相对于方解石、、白云石、威武央过饱和,而与玉髓处于平衡状态。这些结果为该区     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861