舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害成因分析

舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,为了舟曲灾后重建和防灾减灾的需要,分析了舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害的成因,收集整理了造成这次泥石流灾害相关站点的降雨资料,计算了泥石流沟道的洪峰流量及洪水总量,分析了泥石流沟道的地质地貌、下垫面构成以及其他可能引发泥石流灾害的因素。     

基于博弈论和K均值的北京山区小流域综合敏感性评价

敏感性分析是全面掌握小流域沟谷发展总体特征的有效途径。北京山区山洪泥石流灾害常相伴或交替发生, 只考虑泥石流孕灾环境而忽视山洪致灾因子不能适应北京山区防灾减灾的客观要求。在分析泥石流敏感性基础上引入山洪评价因子, 选取北京山区10条典型小流域, 构建山洪泥石流综合评价体系, 通过层次分析法对指标进行主观赋权, 熵值法进行客观赋权, 由博弈论给出各指标的组合权重值, 由K均值聚类法将小流域敏感性分为轻度、中度、重度3个等级。结合现场调查验证分类结果, 表明山洪泥石流综合敏感性评价结果更适合北京山区的客观情况。     

甘肃舟曲2010年8月8日特大山洪泥石流灾害的基本特征及成因

2010年8月8日0时12分,甘肃省舟曲县城区及上游村庄遭受特大山洪泥石流灾害,造成1467人遇难和298人失踪。三眼峪、罗家峪2条山洪泥石流沟共冲出固体堆积物181×104m3。三眼峪山洪泥石流前锋从出山口到达县城的运动时间约为2.1min,罗家峪山洪泥石流前锋从出山口到达县城的运动时间约为4.3min。二者自出山口距离县城均约2km。舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害的形成因素包括：该地历史上就是山洪泥石流灾害多发地,山高沟深具备强大冲击的重力势能条件,沟域崩塌滑坡堆积提供了物源,历史地震导致山体松动破碎,2010年以来区域持续干旱造成雨水更易渗入岩土体,8月7日的局地过程降水量远超过历史记载,山洪泥石流暴发的突然性、毁灭性,舟曲县城部分建筑占用了山洪泥石流进入白龙江的通道等。     

重庆歌乐山烈士陵园"7.17"山洪泥石流灾害分析

2007年7月17日10时,重庆突降特大暴雨,山洪和泥石流袭击了歌乐山烈士陵园,使该陵园遭受重大损坏。本文分析了该次山洪、泥石流灾害的灾情和成因,提出了烈士陵园灾害防治对策。     

舟曲罗家峪泥石流灾害防治措施

罗家峪沟是舟曲8.8特大山洪泥石流灾害成灾严重的沟道之一,通过对泥石流灾害形成条件、发展趋势、危险性分析,研究、探讨泥石流灾害的防治思路、对策及具体技术措施。     

舟曲特大山洪泥石流形成机制与治理方法

通过对舟曲三眼峪＂8.8＂特大山洪泥石流灾害的发育条件、形成机制分析及对灾害发展趋势、危险性的评估,探讨舟曲泥石流灾害的防治思路、防治对策以及主要的防治工程措施,并为预防和防治类似泥石流灾害提供经验。     

降雨因子对湖北省山地灾害影响的分析

根据湖北省1950～2003年726个山洪地质灾害样本,分析了其时空分布特征。滑动t-检验显示,逐年灾害数在1974年、1988年前后出现两次显著性突变增多（其中山洪、滑坡增多最明显）,逐年降雨量也相应有两次增加,二者相关系数可达0.3。表明我省年降雨量趋势性增加是灾害增多的主要诱因。进一步分析表明,暴雨以上强降雨是山洪、滑坡、泥石流、塌陷的主要诱因,连阴雨是崩塌的主要诱因,同时对滑坡、泥石流、塌陷有重要影响,对山洪灾害影响则较小。     

“二汽”厂区山坡稳定性问题

一、概述 第二汽车制造厂(下称二汽)位于鄂西北丘陵地区。散建于河谷、冲沟及其两侧山坡的各种建筑物,不断受到山洪、滑坡、泥石流及其他自然地质灾害的严重威胁,对工厂生产和职工生命财产的安全造成了不同程度的损失和影响。近些年来,滑坡灾害及其他山坡不稳定现象对工厂设施的威胁和危害日见严重,成为影响该厂生产的一个隐患。 为了查清山坡病害的基本情况,全面规划整治工作,该厂委托甘肃省地质自然灾害研究协调中心并邀请铁道部科学研究院西北研究所和郑州铁路局西安分     

江西省修水县地质灾害及减灾防灾措施探讨

崩塌、滑坡、山洪、山坡型泥石流为修水县主要地质灾害类型。通过对地质灾害形成条件的分析,进而提出防灾减灾措施     

贵州省望谟县山洪泥石流灾害特征及应急处治措施

在研究该县地理位置、地形地貌、水文气象、地层岩性、地质构造和地震情况的基础上,分析望谟县山洪泥石流的特征、分布规律和形成因素。并提出望谟县泥石流灾害应急处治的排查、避让和工程措施,以降低灾害损失。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861