艾比湖流域水资源可利用量分析

艾比湖流域严重的生态环境问题，使得流域水资源可利用量随着经济社会的发展倍受关注。在考虑生态环境需水量的前提下，以艾比湖流域为研究对象，对流域地表水资源可利用量进行了分析探讨。采用倒算法，即采用从地表水资源量中扣除维护生态环境最小需水量的方法，分析计算了艾比湖流域水资源可利用量，并提出了天然生态植被和维护湖泊面积生态环境的最小需水量。     

厦门市地表水资源可利用量计算

地表水资源可利用量是合理开发利用区域水资源的重要参考依据,厦门市工农业发达、人口稠密,水资源供需矛盾突出,研究厦门市地表水资源可利用量十分必要。通过Tennant法、流量历时曲线法等5种方法计算不同水文站生态基流,根据计算结果分析确定各个水文站控制断面适宜生态需水量,并对汛期洪水弃水量计算方法进行分析,采用倒扣法计算水资源可利用量。结果表明,厦门市地表水可利用量为3.05亿m³,汛期洪水弃水量占地表水资源总量57%,在保护环境的基础上提高汛期水资源利用率,区域水资源可利用量将大幅度提高。     

乌鲁木齐河流域地表水资源可利用量分析

以乌鲁木齐河流域为研究对象，对区域地表水资源可利用量进行了分析。采用倒算法，即采用从地表水资源量中扣除维护生态环境最小需水量的方法，提出了乌鲁木齐河流域地表水资源可利用量，并计算了不同生态植被和生态环境的最小需水量。     

洛阳市水资源可利用量研究

以洛阳市为对象，对区域水资源的可利用量进行了研究。区域水资源量包括地表水实际可利用量和地下水实际可利用量。将地表径流中基流部分按比例划出，与河道汛期弃水量加在一起作为河道的生态需水量，从地表水资源量中扣除生态需水量后可得地表水的实际可利用量。将难以利用的地下水量从地下水资源量中扣除后可得地下水实际可利用量。     

滨海城市地表水资源可利用量分析——以广西钦州市为例

以钦州市为例,根据1956～2016年月降雨、径流数据,采用双累积曲线(DMC)模型和蒸发差值法计算地表水资源量,采用剔除入海河流感潮河段水量及汛期河道内最小生态水量的改进扣损法和直接法综合分析地表水资源可利用量。结果表明:钦州市地表水资源量在106.573～111.216×10~8m~3范围内,地表水资源可利用量为38.444×10~8m~3,占比地表水资源总量的34.6%。钦州市水量相对丰富,但水资源可利用量并不富裕且时空分布不均。空间上,独流入海河流分区地表水资源可利用量最多,南流江分区次之,郁江干流分区最少;时间上,19条流域汛期水量高达81.949×10~8m~3,其中难以控制利用量为62.272×10~8m~3,有35.823×10~8m~3经入海河流直接外排入海;4.973×10~8m~3为感潮河段咸水难以利用;调水工程的规划与建设为改善河道环境、缓解供需矛盾方面起到积极作用。     

浅析聊城市地下水资源现状及几点建议

地下水资源是支撑国民经济和社会发展、保障国家安全的基础资源,也是地表水之后的战略性后备经济资源和宝贵财富,理是一个国家综合国力的重要组成部分。聊城市水资源可利用量较少,客水资源可利用量由于各种原因受到限制。随着经济的发展,需水量将不断增加,水资源的供求矛盾将日渐突出。所以应合理利用水资源,加强对水资源的保护及治理。     

区域地表水资源可利用量问题研究

区域地表水资源可利用量问题是一个比较复杂的问题,常规计算仅考虑境内地表水可利用水量,得出的结果往往不合理。本文结合福建省情况,提出区域地表水资源可利用量的定义,指出区域地表水资源可利用量应分析计算4个部分可利用水量．即境内地表水可利用水量、过境河流可利用水量,调入境内水资源量、境内调出水资源量,并提出了计算方法,结合福建各市水资源开发利用程度分析,得出比较合理的结论。     

天山南坡渭干河流域地表水资源量及其变化趋势

渭干河流域由木扎提河、卡普斯浪河、台勒维丘克河、卡拉苏河、克孜尔河5条支流汇合而成,支流均发源于天山南坡,单独出流,汇集于拜城盆地的克孜尔水库,始称渭干河.渭干河是天山南麓三大河流之一,主要支流木扎提河发源于汗腾格里峰东坡的冰川集结区,河流源头多接冰川,以冰川融水为主要补给源.5条支流多年平均实测径流量27.98×108m3,干河流域地表水资源量为31.59×108m3,其中地表水资源可利用量为26.05×108m3.从渭干河流域的河川径流量组成可以看出,集水区河水来源于冰川融水、融雪径流、降雨径流,冰川融水量变化和降水量的波动,控制着河流径流量的大小变化.利用现有的观测数据和研究成果粗估分析流域地表水资源的变化趋势,预计近、中期径流量会相应增多.     

天山南坡渭干河流域地表水资源量及其变化趋势

渭干河流域由木扎提河、卡普斯浪河、台勒维丘克河、卡拉苏河、克孜尔河5条支流汇合而成, 支流均发源于天山南坡, 单独出流, 汇集于拜城盆地的克孜尔水库, 始称渭干河.渭干河是天山南麓三大河流之一, 主要支流木扎提河发源于汗腾格里峰东坡的冰川集结区, 河流源头多接冰川, 以冰川融水为主要补给源.5条支流多年平均实测径流量27.98×108m3, 干河流域地表水资源量为31.59×108m3, 其中地表水资源可利用量为26.05×108m3.从渭干河流域的河川径流量组成可以看出, 集水区河水来源于冰川融水、融雪径流、降雨径流, 冰川融水量变化和降水量的波动, 控制着河流径流量的大小变化.利用现有的观测数据和研究成果粗估分析流域地表水资源的变化趋势, 预计近、中期径流量会相应增多.     

新疆策勒县地表水资源现状及可利用量探析

新疆南部和田地区策勒县境内各河流的径流全部来自山区降雨、积雪融水等,年内分配很不均匀,年内变化大,采用流域和行政分区结合方案,对地表水资源配置及平衡进行分析研究,并对地表水资源可利用量进行计算分析,结果表明:本区域地表水资源总量较丰富,天然水质良好,根据现状情况计算出策勒县多年平均地表水资源可利用量为5.746×10~8m~3。该研究成果对该县水资源开发利用及管理具有积极作用,对科学利用水资源具有现实意义。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.