中国煤中的氟

氟是煤中所含微量元素中丰度较高的少数几种元素之一。对我国581个煤样分析数据的统计表明,多数样品氟含量处于20～300mg/kg,平均40mg/kg,个别超过1000mg/kg。氟在煤中赋存状态有:①独立的氟矿物;②以类质同象存在于矿物晶格内;③被矿物吸附;④以F-离子形式溶于水中。在煤中所含微量元素中,氟是对植物、动物和人体健康的影响面最大的元素。     

中国煤中的氯

在煤中诸多微量元素中,氯的含量是比较高的一种元素。全国280个样品分析数据的统计,多数煤中含氯量处于50～500mg/kg,平均约220mg/kg。氯在煤中的赋存状态主要为:氯离子溶于孔隙水中;呈类质同象赋存于其他多种矿物中;独立矿物。煤中氯的较高含量给煤的利用带来的问题近年来引起人们的重视。     

中国煤中的硒

自然煤中硒的含量很低,对我国1315个煤样的分析资料统计,多数煤中硒含量在0.01～11mg/kg,平均约为2mg/kg。硒在煤中的赋存方式较为多样:黄铁矿是硒的重要载体;方铅矿、硒铅矿等含硒矿物亦可出现于煤中;硒还可以被粘土矿物吸附或与煤中有机物缔合。俗称“石煤”的晚古生代炭质泥岩中硒含量较高,利用不当则给人体健康带来危害。     

中国煤中的砷

砷是煤中最有害的微量元素之一,本文对全国已发表的1915个煤样数据资料统计,我国多数煤中砷含量处于0.4～10mg/kg,平均值为4～5mg/kg。贵州一些地区二叠纪煤的含砷量最高可达3570mg/kg,可谓世界之最。砷的赋存方式主要为:类质同象赋存于黄铁矿中;以粘土矿物和稀有的含砷矿物为载体;缔合于有机质中。燃用富砷煤是引发环境污染的原因,而多数煤中砷含量并不高。加强煤中砷含量的调查,控制和预防砷的危害还是可以做到的。     

川南煤田古叙矿区石屏一矿煤中锗、镓元素分布特征及其影响因素

石屏一矿作为川南煤田古叙矿区内重要的生产矿井,其煤炭资源丰富并蕴含锗、镓等稀散金属。为探究煤中锗、镓的分布、赋存情况及其影响因素,通过收集川南煤田石屏一矿的地质勘查资料,综合整理分析煤中锗、镓的测试成果并总结其分布规律,建立锗、镓与灰分、挥发分和全硫的相关性研究,从而达到研究目的。结果表明：平面上,锗含量基本稳定,平均为3.4 ug·g^-1,处于正常水平;垂向上,随着煤层埋深的增加,锗含量呈升高趋势,其中C25煤层中锗含量较高,平均为6.4 ug·g^-1,为轻度富集;平面上,镓含量为5～50 ug·g^-1,平均值为22.2ug·g^-1,在矿区北部和中部已达最低工业品位;垂向上,各煤层中镓均达到轻度富集,其中C13煤层中镓含量最高,平均为30.5 ug·g^-1;煤中镓主要受到灰分的影响,且镓主要表现为无机亲和性,其可能以粘土矿物为载体;而锗具有机亲和性,其可能与酚羟基结合而赋存于有机质中,且一小部分锗还可能赋存在硫铁矿硫、硫酸盐硫或有机硫中。安静、低能的海相沉积环境(泻湖)中形成...     

中国煤中的铀、钍和放射性核素

中国煤中的铀平均含量为3mg/kg,在某地富铀煤中检测到的最高值达25660mg/kg,其赋存状态主要是与有机质相结合的方式;钍平均含量6 mg/kg,没有发现异常现象.南方一些地区的石煤中含有较多的放射性核素,并且容易在灰渣中富集,综合利用时应加强监控,以避免产生危害.     

中国煤中的汞

煤中的汞是人们最为关注的环境有害元素之一。由于汞具有强挥发性,燃烧时容易排放到大气中,从而对大气产生污染。我国多数煤中含汞处于0.01～1mg/kg之间,平均0.15mg/kg。煤中黄铁矿是汞的主要载体,其它硫化物、方解石和粘土矿物也可能含汞。燃煤向大气排放汞的问题正日益受到重视。     

宁武煤田2号煤中镓的富集与赋存特征

宁武煤田是我国典型的煤伴生资源丰富的煤炭基地。为研究煤中Ga的成矿规律,从宁武煤田2号煤中采集了117个煤样,通过工业分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱和逐级化学提取实验对样品进行测试分析。结果表明宁武煤田2号煤中Ga的平均含量为30.93μg/g,整体上属于轻度富集—富集。逐级化学提取的结果显示煤中Ga的赋存以残渣态为主,占比87～92%,其次为有机态,占比6%～10%。由煤中Ga与煤质和常量元素的相关性分析认为,高岭石、勃姆石等黏土矿物是煤中Ga的主要矿物载体,黏土矿物对Ga的吸附是2号煤中Ga富集的主要原因。     

中国煤中的硼

对中国煤中硼仍缺乏系统研究。有限的数据显示,我国多数煤中含硼介于100～200mg/kg之间,最大达500mg/kg。煤中的硼主要与有机质缔合,其次是与粘土矿物结合。含硼太高将影响植物生长。硼也是反映成煤环境的良好元素。     

东北赋煤区煤中锗元素分布特征及富集控制因素

通过对大量煤田（矿区）勘查资料煤中锗含量化验数据的统计分析,以矿区（煤田）为统计单元,确认东北赋煤区主要矿区（煤田）煤中锗含量平均值为1~5 μg/g,均分布在中国煤锗含量平均值附近;即使在典型煤-锗矿床乌兰图嘎所在的胜利煤田和五牧场所在的伊敏煤田,统计煤中锗平均值分别为2.63 μg/g和3.30 μg/g,没有明显的升高,胜利、伊敏煤田其他井田,煤中锗含量平均值均与中国煤中锗含量平均值相差不大,煤中锗的富集表现为在小范围内聚集;煤中锗富集区域常可见热液矿物,结合前人对典型煤-锗矿床的研究,认为煤中锗主要由热液携带进入,热液侵入为煤中锗的富集提供了有利条件。本次工作在二连、海拉尔盆地新发现一批煤中锗异常点,由于煤中锗的富集通常范围较小,已有煤田勘查资料显示有未能控制到锗富集的范围,这些异常点很值得做进一步工作。      

云南省临沧市勐托新近系褐煤的微量元素地球化学特征

为研究云南临沧勐托新近系褐煤的微量元素地球化学特征,共采集了11个褐煤样品,采用ICP MS和ICP CCT MS(As和Se)对煤中微量元素进行了测试。结果表明：与中国煤相比,勐托褐煤中Rb(96.1 mg/kg)、Sb(15.3 mg/kg)和Cs(25.9 mg/kg)显著富集,W(10.6 mg/kg)和U(20.2 mg/kg)富集,Be(7.84 mg/kg)、Ga(16.1 mg/kg)、As(11.6 mg/kg)、Cd(0.67 mg/kg)、Sn(6.66 mg/kg)、Pb(34.6 mg/kg)、Bi(3.86 mg/kg)和Th(28.2 mg/kg)稍富集,微量元素组成与大寨富锗煤不同,与酸性花岗岩物源供应有关。勐托褐煤中REY含量范围为121~420 mg/kg,平均251 mg/kg,均较大寨富锗褐煤高,且以Ce显著正异常和Eu显著负异常为特征,明显区别于大寨褐煤,Eu负异常和上陆壳标准化的REY分配模式均表明勐托褐煤中稀土元素受盆地周边花岗岩风化陆源碎屑供应影响。     

山西平朔安太堡露天矿9号煤层中的微量元素

使用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ方法对安太堡露天矿９号煤层中的微量元素进行了系统测定,检测出５３种微量元素,将研究煤样的平均微量元素质量分数与世界范围微量元素平均质量分数相比较,煤样中Ｌｉ,Ｇａ,Ｓｒ,Ｚｒ,Ｎｂ,Ｓｎ和Ｔａ具有较高的富集,而Ｃｒ,Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ,Ｇｅ,Ｒｂ,Ｙ,Ｃｓ和Ｂａ具有较低的富集,研究资料表明不同微量元素在垂向剖面上其质量分数具有不同的分布特征。经相关分析表明：（１）与镜质组含量相关的元素有     

A statistical approach to the study of the distribution of trace elements and their organic/ inorganic affinity in lower Gondwana coals of India

Trace-element analyses of seventy six coal samples representing all the major Lower Gondwana coal basins of India were carried out. Eighteen trace elements, viz., B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, La, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, V, Y and Zr were determined quantitatively in coal ash. An attempt was made to correlate the coals of different coalfields on the basis of multivariate analysis. In addition, the organic/inorganic affinities between the trace elements were established by the coefficients of correlation between the trace elements and ash present. A synthesis of the data reveals that there is similarity in the concentration ranges of trace elements among the coal seams of different coalfields, but the possibility of environmental differences exists due to the statistically different multivariate means of the trace-element concentrations.It is inferred that Ge, Cr, Y and La occur in these coals as organo-metallic complexes and chelates. The elements Ni, Co, Ga, V and Cu show both organic and inorganic association, whereas Mn and Ba are exclusively incorporated in the inorganic fractions.     

Environmental geochemistry and health of fluorine in Chinese coals

Fluorine is one of the potential hazardous trace elements in coal. Fluorine may be released into atmosphere mostly during coal combustion process. When the coal is burning indoors without any controlling methods (chimney), the fluorine will pollute the room and is absorbed by food fired (dried) over stoves. Now many people have suffered from fluorosis due to coal burning indoors in Southwest China. In this paper, the concentration, distribution, mode of occurrences and impact factors of fluorine in Chinese coals are analyzed. The environmental impacts and typical features of fluorosis are studied. It is concluded that the value of fluorine in Chinese coals ranges from 20 to 300 mg/kg, and with average value of 122 mg/kg from 5,603 coal samples. It is higher than the average value of the world coals (80 mg/kg). In provincial coalfields of the SW China, the content of F is highest and many people have been affected due to coal combustion indoors.     

Geochemical characteristics of REY,Li, Ga trace elements in the No. 9 coal seam of the Daheng mine,Ningwu coalfield,Shanxi Province,China

To understand the geochemical characteristics of the No.9 coal in the Daheng Mine of the Ningwu coalfield, the trace element analysis was conducted through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sedimentary environment was discussed according to the element geochemical parameters. The results show that Li, Ga, Hf, Zr, Nb, Th, and Ta are slightly enriched in the No. 9 coal of Daheng Mine. The average value of the rare earth elements and yttrium (∑REY) in coal here is 144.20 μg/g (excluding parting), which is higher than the average value of ∑REY in the world ’s coal and China ’s coal. The light rare earth elements (LREY) are enriched. The content of Eu was 0.12–2.10 μg/g with an average of 0.57 μg/g, and the Eu is obviously negatively abnormal. Most of the trace elements in the coal are positively correlated with the ash content, which shows that the occurrence of these trace elements is related to inorganic minerals. The results of sequential chemical extraction experiments show that rare earth elements mainly exist in coal in the form of aluminosilicate. The value of the Sr/Ba and the content of S reflect that the coal-forming environment was influenced by seawater. The values of V/Cr and Ni/Co reflect that the peat swamp is in an anaerobic environment and a strongly reducing environment during the coal-forming period.