车载GPS道路数据采集与线形参数的计算

在对我国公路现状进行普及调查的过程中,线形数据的采集和参数的计算是一项非常重要的工作.利用动态GPS进行公路线形数据的采集工作,通过后处理计算获得公路上各点准确的3维坐标,探讨了利用GPS获得的公路散点数据进行直线、圆曲线参数计算的方法,该方法无须给定参数的近似值,具有计算简单方便的特点.利用平差后直线和圆曲线的参数计算缓和曲线的参数,然后对直线、圆曲线、缓和曲线的连接给出了处理方法.利用在上海市外环线进行采集的车载GPS道路数据,采用叙述的方法对试验数据进行了处理,说明该方法是可行的.     

带状GPS水准曲线拟合方法探讨

带状GPS水准拟合是铁路项目勘测中急需解决的问题,本文试着对一些常见数学拟和方法比较,结合带状工程数据(郑州-西安高速铁路GPS和二等水准数据)的分析比较,力求找到一种简单有效的、能满足一定精度要求的带状工程拟合方法,来解决这个问题。通过对各种拟合方式的筛选,结合线性工程项目的特点,给出了二次抛物线分段拟合和张力样条分段拟合公式。     

栅格式数据转换为矢量式数据的两个算法研究

本文探讨了如何把二值图像的细化算法推广应用于对多值图像的细化处理,提出了一种矢量式数据内部由连续曲线向图形特征点数据转换的逐段线性拟合方法。     

基于分段回归模型的变形监测数据分析

变形监测是工程施工及运营的安全保障,其中监测模型的选择尤为重要。本文运用分段回归模型对某一隧道的拱顶沉降值进行分析预测,并从统计检验、曲线线型、拟合度三个层面进行评价,得到较为准确的结果,从而验证该方法的工程实用价值。     

一种用于BDS-3接收机的分段Hermite插值方法

针对卫星导航定位过程中卫星位置、速度解算耗时高的问题,提出了一种用于北斗三号卫星导航系统（BDS-3）接收机的分段Hermite插值方法. 该方法首先推导了BDS-3卫星速度、加速度解算公式,然后分别构造卫星位置、速度的分段三次Hermite插值多项式. 所提方法在不增加运算复杂度的情况下,提升了卫星速度插值精度,同时公式简单、便于编程. 采用作者单位自研接收机对所提方法插值精度、效率进行了验证,同时对比了Hermite插值、分段三次Hermite插值和分段五次Hermite插值.      

GPS定位中对流层折射估计研究

本文首先讨论了ＧＰＳ相对定位中的对流层折射２估计的单参数方法，多参数方法，分估线性方法和随机过程方法。论证了其它方法都是随机过程方法的近似。为了用随机过程模拟对流折射，建立了一种最小二乘递推算法。在此基础上，在ＧＡＭＩＴ软件中统一实现了以各种对流层折射估计方法。最后给出并分析了不同方法所获得的结果。     

基于城市引力模型与随机扩散方程的城镇基准地价平衡(英文)

A balance of urban datum land prices is achieved to harmonize regional land prices and make the prices truly reflect different economic development levels and land prices among cities. The current piecewise linear interpolation balance method widely used has two drawbacks that always lead to an unsatisfactory balance among some cities. When the excess of land price in the central city to the surrounding zone reaches a certain degree, land price in the circumjacent city is not only consistent with the local land grade and land use level, but also influenced by the diffusion of land price in the central city. Thus, a new balanced scheme of datum land prices based on the city gravitation model and stochastic diffusion equation is brought forward. Finally, the new method is examined in the practice of datum land price balance in Hubei Province, China.     

基于对比度增强和形态学的遥感影像道路提取

提出了一种基于对比度增强和形态学的遥感影像道路边界与特征点提取的方法。先对遥感影像进行对比度变换增强,通过对比分析直方图均衡化和对比度分段线性增强两种方法获取的增强影像,选取区分度大的分段线性增强方法进行影像增强,然后运用数学形态法进行影像分割,实现道路和其他图像信息的有效分离。利用Krisch算子进行边缘检测提取道路的边缘信息,并基于边缘特征利用改进的Harris算子提取特征点,将提取的特征点进行拟合并用函数模型描述图像道路信息,用于后期制图中道路信息的矢量化。     

北斗三号卫星位置插值研究

针对北斗精密星历只能提供离散的三维坐标,而无法提供任意时刻卫星位置的问题,本文提出插值法计算任意时刻的卫星位置,即分别采用拉格朗日插值法、多项式拟合法、分段线性插值法及径向基函数拟合法对北斗三号卫星精密星历进行内插。试验结果表明,拉格朗日插值法和多项式拟合法能够较好地内插BDS-3的位置坐标。搭载CZ-3A运载火箭的卫星X方向位置和搭载CZ-3C运载火箭的卫星Z方向位置均采用拉格朗日插值法解算效果最优;其余位置方向采用多项式拟合法解算效果最优。     

四种精密卫星钟差插值方法的比较

利用四种插值方法加密IGS网站下载的15 min和30 s卫星钟钟差改正,分别与IGS网站下载的30 s钟差数据以及CODE网站下载的5s钟差数据比较,试验表明,两种加密情况下宜选用线性分段插值。     

地基GPS技术遥感香港地区大气水汽含量

提出了分段多项式方法计算大气水汽含量,并结合无线电高空气象探测资料,分析并评估了地基ＧＰＳ遥感技术的精度。香港地区的可降水份计算结果表明,地基ＧＰＳ遥感技术的精度为１ ｍ ｍ ～２ ｍ ｍ     

南沙群岛海域浅海水深提取及影像海图制作技术

研究了南沙群岛海域TM图像提取浅海水深的模型和方法以及影像海图制作技术。在传统的多波段线性回归模型的基础上,引入数据分组平均预处理、潮汐改正、分段线性回归和数据归一化等技术,使改进后的模型更加合理并具有较高的精度,从而适用于大的海域。在此基础上,提出了一整套遥感影像海图制作的技术和工艺流程。     

南沙群岛海域浅海水深提取及影像海图制作技术

研究了南沙群岛海域 Ｔ Ｍ 图像提取浅海水深的模型和方法以及影像海图制作技术。在传统的多波段线性回归模型的基础上,引入数据分组平均预处理、潮汐改正、分段线性回归和数据归一化等技术,使改进后的模型更加合理并具有较高的精度,从而适用于大的海域。在此基础上,提出了一整套遥感影像海图制作的技术和工艺流程。     

Efficient satellite orbit modelling using pseudo-stochastic parameters

If the force field acting on an artificial Earth satellite is not known a priori with sufficient accuracy to represent its observations on their accuracy level, one may introduce so-called pseudo-stochastic parameters into an orbit determination process, e.g. instantaneous velocity changes at user-defined epochs or piecewise constant accelerations in user-defined adjacent time subintervals or piecewise linear and continuous accelerations in adjacent time subintervals. The procedures, based on standard least-squares, associated with such parameterizations are well established, but they become inefficient (slow) if the number of pseudo-stochastic parameters becomes large. We develop two efficient methods to solve the orbit determination problem in the presence of pseudo-stochastic parameters. The results of the methods are identical to those obtained with conventional least-squares algorithms. The first efficient algorithm also provides the full variance–covariance matrix; the second, even more efficient algorithm, only parts of it.     

Remote sensing of water vapor content using ground-based GPS data

Spatial and temporal resolution of water vapor content is useful in improving the accuracy of short-term weather prediction. Dense and continuously tracking regional GPS arrays will play an important role in remote sensing atmospheric water vapor content. In this study, a piecewise linear solution method was proposed to estimate the precipitable water vapor (PWV) content from ground-based GPS observations in Hong Kong. To evaluate the solution accuracy of the water vapor content sensed by GPS, the upper air sounding data (radiosonde) that are collected locally was used to calculate the precipitable water vapor during the same period. One-month results of PWV from both ground-based GPS sensing technique and radiosonde method are in agreement within 1–2 mm. This encouraging result will motivate the GPS meteorology application based on the establishment of a dense GPS array in Hong Kong.     

Remote sensing of water vapor content using ground-based GPS data

Spatial and temporal resolution of water vapor content is useful in improving the accuracy of short-term weather prediction.Dense and continuously tracking regional GPS arrays will play an important role in remote sensing atmospheric water vapor content.In this study,a piecewise linear solution method was proposed to estimate the precipitable water vapor (PWV) content from ground-based GPS observations in Hong Kong.To evaluate the solution accuracy of the water vapor content sensed by GPS,the upper air sounding data (radiosonde) that are collected locally was used to calculate the precipitable water vapor during the same period.One-month results of PWV from both ground-based GPS sensing technique and radiosonde method are in agreement within 1～2 mm.This encouraging result will motivate the GPS meteorology application based on the establishment of a dense GPS array in Hong Kong.     

Crop yield estimation model for Iowa using remote sensing and surface parameters

Numerous efforts have been made to develop various indices using remote sensing data such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation condition index (VCI) and temperature condition index (TCI) for mapping and monitoring of drought and assessment of vegetation health and productivity. NDVI, soil moisture, surface temperature and rainfall are valuable sources of information for the estimation and prediction of crop conditions. In the present paper, we have considered NDVI, soil moisture, surface temperature and rainfall data of Iowa state, US, for 19 years for crop yield assessment and prediction using piecewise linear regression method with breakpoint. Crop production environment consists of inherent sources of heterogeneity and their non-linear behavior. A non-linear Quasi-Newton multi-variate optimization method is utilized, which reasonably minimizes inconsistency and errors in yield prediction.     

Improved GRACE kinematic orbit determination using GPS receiver clock modeling

Kinematic positions of Low Earth Orbiters based on GPS tracking are frequently used as pseudo-observations for single satellite gravity field determination. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the satellite trajectory is partly limited because the receiver synchronization error has to be estimated along with the kinematic coordinates at every observation epoch. We review the requirements for GPS receiver clock modeling in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and analyze its impact on kinematic orbit determination for the two satellites of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission using both simulated and real data. We demonstrate that a piecewise linear parameterization can be used to model the ultra-stable oscillators that drive the GPS receivers on board of the GRACE satellites. Using such a continuous clock model allows position estimation even if the number of usable GPS satellites drops to three and improves the robustness of the solution with respect to outliers. Furthermore, simulations indicate a potential accuracy improvement of the satellite trajectory of at least 40 % in the radial direction and up to 7 % in the along-track and cross-track directions when a 60-s piecewise linear clock model is estimated instead of epoch-wise independent receiver clock offsets. For PPP with real GRACE data, the accuracy evaluation is hampered by the lack of a reference orbit of significantly higher accuracy. However, comparisons with a smooth reduced-dynamic orbit indicate a significant reduction of the high-frequency noise in the radial component of the kinematic orbit.     

南方典型植被遥感丰度信息提取

针对遥感影像在南方丘陵地区典型植被丰度信息提取中存在的大量混合像元问题,为进一步提高线性解混精度,通过计算像元EVI值,构建了Landsat 8时间序列影像南方典型植被（端元）和混合像元的EVI时间序列曲线,分析了不同生育期内各种地物类型的植被指数变化曲线,发现不同地物在植被指数时间序列中具有各自独立的波动规律。选取多个端元及其EVI时间序列曲线,利用光谱匹配方法对匹配EVI时间序列曲线和多个端元进行了匹配,达到利用不同端元组合进行光谱解混的目的。试验结果表明,与传统方法相比,阔叶林解混精度有明显提高,针叶林解混精度也有所提高。该研究成果可以为南方丘陵地区植被环境的研究提供有力支撑。