3CCD相机摄像系统光源的选择与计算

设计了1种应用于3CCD相机报是系统中的脉冲氙灯光源。介绍了该光源的光谱特性和触发方式，同时计算了其包括闪光持续期和闪光频率范围等重要参数。     

壮观的夜鱼

在红海千奇百怪的海洋生物中，有一种十分奇特的闪光鱼类——光脸鲷。这种小鱼体长只有7至10厘米，能发出十分明亮的光线。在水下活动的人，距离它18米处就能发现它；黑夜里，距离它2米远能看请手表上的时间。潜水员常常把它们     

光照对四川裂腹鱼集群行为的影响研究

光是影响鱼类行为的重要环境因子,本文研究了光谱(红、黄、蓝、绿和自然光)、光照强度(22.6 lx、39.5 lx、50.1 lx、64.7 lx)和闪光模式(单闪、双闪、变闪)等因素对四川裂腹鱼集群行为的影响.结果表明:黄光、红光和绿光对四川裂腹鱼有正向刺激作用,表现出诱导集群的效果,其中黄光诱集效果最强,蓝光对四川...     

基于注意力的光照感知水下图像复原网络

水下环境光线昏暗,仅依靠自然光源难以清晰成像,通常需要增加人工光源,但人工光源的引入会导致场景亮度不均。在这种包含自然光源和人工光源的混合光照环境下,所拍摄的水下图像质量严重退化,不仅降低视觉观感,更影响后续高级计算机视觉任务的顺利开展。然而现有方法大都只考虑了自然光源的影响,对混合光源环境下的水下图像复原效果不佳。为了解决混合光源环境下水下图像存在的光照不均、色偏、细节模糊等问题,提出了一个光照感知编解码器网络用于水下图像复原。一方面,在多尺度结构中引入注意力机制和改进残差结构高效提取丰富的结构细节特征,另一方面增加光照感知图作为先验约束网络复原结果的对比度。此外,设计了合适的损失函数,引导网络充分学习水下图像和清晰图像间的非线性映射关系,使恢复图像的色调更自然,纹理细节更丰富。对比试验结果证明此方法在主观感知和客观指标上均优于对比算法,消融实验证明所提网络模块和光照感知的有效性。     

一种简易方便的时间程序控制器

以往在用人工光源进行海洋生物培养中,每日都须由人工启闭光源。启闭光源的工作量虽然不大,但每次要做到准时开关就非易事。目前虽有各种不同规格商品的计时器、延时器,但大都控制在12小时或1小时甚至更短的时间范围内,对在进行海洋生物培养的光照实验里(光、暗周期是24小时)都不适用。我们参阅了有关资料,制作了一台时间程序控制器     

水下光通信技术的研究与展望

水下光通信（Underwater Optical Wireless Communication,UOWC）是一种新型的水下通信技术,具有保密性好、可靠性高等优点,对于构建全光立体通信网络以及6G空天海地一体化全方位通信有重要的意义。分析了水下光通信相较于其他传统水下通信方式的优点,对水下光通信发展历程与进展进行了综述,对比了水下光通信2种主流光源：激光光源和LED光源。针对现阶段水下光通信面临的难题,提出了一种完善的水下光通信系统框图,并研制出相应的硬件系统,完成了水下通信调试。水下光通信是一种切实可行的新型通信方式,兼具灵活、保密、高速率等特点,在未来的6G时代中将会得到进一步的发展和应用。     

关于水下摄影光源的研究

随着海洋的开发和国防现代化的需要,水下摄影技术得到普遍的重视和快速的发展。众所周知,来自太阳和天空的总辐射能,在半米的水层中消失超过一半,其原因是在于海水对红外线的强烈吸收,因此选取合适的水下摄影光源对水下摄影就显得十分重要。在大气中摄影一般只要注意介质的散射就可以了,而在海水中,吸收和散射都对摄影充当同样重要的角色,这样对光源的选择就必须兼顾下面几个方面的问题。 1.水下摄影光源的发光光谱必须在海水透射窗部分比较丰富。海水对不同光波的波长有不同的衰减率,一般可以用下列式子来表示:     

海水COD测量仪中光电测量单元技术研究

论文对海水COD测量仪中的光电测量技术作了全面介绍,内容包括：光谱特性的测量和测量波长的确定方法;光电器件的灵敏度、信噪比以及光源和光电探测器的选取。     

红光固体二极管点阵在释光测年中的光照应用

释光测年实验室照明光源的特征(波长与功率)直接影响到释光测年数据的准确性,因此释光测年技术对照明光源的要求很严格。通过对比,选择了典型的红光固体二极管R LED1(661±15)nm作为研究对象。利用R LED1点阵对已知剂量的石英和钾长石样品进行不同时间的光照后,再用单片再生法恢复样品的等效剂量,发现样品的等效剂量与已知剂量差别不大,表明石英和钾长石经过不同时间的R LED1点阵光照后没有发生明显的信号衰减,对测年样品没有影响。因此,利用波长为(661±15)nm的红光固体二极管作为释光测年实验室的照明光源是安全可靠的。     

面向ARV的视觉辅助水下对接方法研究

针对水下机器人作业过程中的近距离引导水下对接问题,以自治缆控水下机器人(ARV)为研究对象,为实现快速、高精度的水下对接,设计了基于反射光源识别的单目视觉辅助水下对接方法。通过在对接口布置反光带并将其作为目标图像,设计了图像处理和特征点提取的算法,经过图像特征信息的分析处理,优化算法的时间复杂度,提高了特征点提取的准确率和识别效率。最后设计了传统的引导灯方案与反光带方案的对比试验,验证算法的可行性,证明在水下环境下识别反射光源的方法极大提升了位置估计的准确率,同时在计算速度上也有显著提高,弥补了传统水下对接方法中精度不足或计算量大的缺陷,更好地满足了ARV水下对接的需求,能为潜水器实现水下自主对接提供参考依据。     

Flammability risk assessment for oil spill response operations

Immediately following a spill at sea, released oil—ranging from diesel to light crude and diluted bitumen, will initially weather through evaporation, resulting in an elevated concentration of light hydrocarbons in the air. As part of oil spill response operations, first responders use hand-held devices to monitor airborne concentrations when approaching a spill. The feasibility of using numerical modelling as an additional tool to assess potential flammability and plan response operations in the spill area was explored in this study. The Lower Explosive Limit(LEL) is defined as the minimum concentration of a gas in air, in this case a mixture of evaporated hydrocarbons, which can produce a flash fire in the presence of an ignition source. This ignition source could be triggered by the vessel itself or by spill response operations. A framework was put into place, utilizing a threedimensional hydrodynamic model(H3D), an oil spill model(SPILLCALC), and an air dispersion model(CALPUFF) to assess the risk of possible ignition of the hydrocarbon vapour in the event of a spill. The study looked at a hypothetical credible worst case tanker spill(16 500 m~3) of diluted bitumen(cold lake winter blend)occurring at Arachne Reef in Haro Strait, British Columbia, Canada. SPILLCALC provided one-minute averaged vapour fluxes from the water surface for each of 17 modelled pseudo-components which were used as inputs to CALPUFF. Using the predicted airborne concentrations of each pseudo-component, time-scaled to one-second averages, the flammability potential in the immediate spill area was determined at each grid point using Le Chatelier's mixing equation. The approach describe here was developed as a proof of concept, and could be established as a real-time system, bringing valuable information in addition to hand-held devices during a spill response, or during a response exercise. This modelling study was conducted as part of Kinder Morgan's Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion Project. There are a number of commercially available oil spill models but few if any are equipped with the ability to model air dispersion and forecast hazardous conditions as discussed in this paper.     

热带气旋闪电活动特征研究综述

针对热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)闪电已有研究,首先从闪电活动分布特征、眼壁闪电爆发对TC强度和路径的指示、外雨带闪电活动与雨带对流结构的关系三个方面进行了总结;其次从动力-微物理方面对TC闪电的形成原因和特征机理进行了梳理;最后提出当前研究中存在的两个关键问题,并对后续研究内容进行了展望。基于地基和空基相结合的综合闪电探测得到的闪电属性特征参量,有望建立一个明确的、具有代表性的闪电活动-TC强度变化关系。利用沿海地区架设的三维闪电定位系统结合地基双偏振雷达,针对登陆台风强对流过程开展的综合观测研究,将有助于推进闪电观测资料在台风中小尺度强对流监测、预警和资料同化中的应用。     

海冰中侧向传播光衰减系数的解析验证

The attenuation of lateral propagating light(LPL) in sea ice was measured using an artificial light source in the Canadian Arctic during the 2007/2008 winter. The apparent attenuation coefficient μ(λ) for lateral propagating light was obtained from the measured logarithmic relative variation rate. In this study an analytical solution based on the strict optical theories is developed to validate the measured result. There is a good consistency between theoretical solution and measured data, by which a quite simple but very rigorous relationship among the light source, measurement geometry, and measured irradiance is established. The attenuation coefficients acquired by measurement and theory are the diffusion attenuation as an apparent optical property of ice, independent of the light source and shining condition. The attenuation ability of sea ice should be caused by the microstructure of sea ice, such as crystal size, ice density, brine volume, air inclusion, etc. It also includes the leak from both interfaces by directional scattering. It is verified that the measuring approach is operational and accurate to measure the attenuation of the LPL. The solution from this study did not tell the connection among the extinction and the inclusions of sea ice theoretically because of insufficient understanding.     

A fluorometer on the basis of powerful light emitting diodes for determination of the chlorophyll “a” concentration

A simple fluorometer for determination of the chlorophyll “a” (chl “a”) concentration in an extract based on bright light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the blue and IR spectrum range used as a continuous excitation light source and light detector, respectively, has been described. Results of calibration and validation of the system’s signal with the help of extracts with different chl “a” concentrations are presented.     

有机农药六六六对胶州湾海域水质的影响Ⅱ.污染源变化过程

根据1979～1984年（缺少1980年）的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析有机农药六六六(HCH)在胶州湾水域的水平分布和污染源变化.研究结果表明:在1979～1984年（缺1980年）期间,由于我国在1983年禁止HCH的使用,胶州湾水域HCH的污染源发生了很大变化,分为3种类型:重度污染源、轻度污染源以及没有污染源,并用...     

A study of natural and artificially generated light hydrocarbons (C4–C13) in source rocks and petroleum fluids from offshore Mid-Norway and the southernmost Norwegian and Danish sectors

The “free” or “natural” light hydrocarbon composition obtained by thermal extraction-GC of source rock samples is compared with the light fraction generated by pyrolysis products of the kerogens. Even though there are large differences between the composition of the “free” C₄–C₁₃ hydrocarbon fraction and the same fraction generated by pyrolysis, some characteristics have been detected which can be used interchangeably for both data types. Visual inspection of gas chromatograms from thermal extracts and pyrolysates indicates that in particular the relative content of m+p xylene corresponds well between these two analytical methods. The source rock samples used are Upper Jurassic marine shales and Middle and Lower Jurassic coals and coaly shales from offshore Mid-Norway and Denmark. More detailed analysis of the data shows that the most effective parameter which can distinguish between different source rock types in both thermal extracts and pyrolysates is the m+p xylene/nC₈ ratio. This parameter has been used to derive classification diagrams for interpreting the source of light hydrocarbons of both natural petroleum fluids analysed by gas chromatography and the same fraction generated by pyrolysis of asphaltenes from the fluids.The model was first tested on 17 natural petroleum fluids from Mid-Norway since a comprehensive study of light hydrocarbon distributions already has been published. Further, the parameter was applied to correlate with asphaltene pyrolysates of the fluids from Mid-Norway and a total of 22 natural oils and condensates from the southernmost Norwegian and Danish sectors.     

Design and analysis of a high-intensity LED lighting module for underwater illumination

Replacing traditional light sources with light-emitting diode (LED) light modules is a global trend, especially for underwater illumination. The light intensity is dispersed evenly at all emission angles in traditional underwater light sources that use the radiative transfer model, resulting in the inclusion of scattering factors in the attenuation coefficient. The high directionality of LED light source modules causes the light intensity transfer in water to vary according to varying emission angles. This renders traditional underwater optical transfer theory irrelevant as an underwater LED light module design reference. Therefore, this study constructs an underwater LED light source transfer model using the light-field average cosine and the light transfer scattering probability method, and imports the LED luminous intensity distribution curve (LIDC) and axial luminous intensity. Experimental results showed that the illumination intensity of the underwater LED illumination module was less than 10% of the simulation. Therefore, this design method can be used to design the required illumination light modules for different underwater environments. Finally, the LED light module has been used for under water fish attractor lighting and enhanced the illumination zone efficiency (m³ per Watt) of 81% compared to the traditional high intensity discharge (HID) underwater fish attractor lamp.     

光滑表面内孤立波光学遥感图像的实验研究

基于光学遥感图像的内孤立波参数反演是一项重要的工作。本文在实验室条件下提出一种新方法用于模拟光滑表面情况下内孤立波的光学遥感成像。基于二维内波水槽、LED平板面光源和CCD相机搭建仿真光学遥感系统探测内孤立波。水平表面的光学遥感图像和垂向内孤立波传播图像被同时探测,旨在探讨在光滑表面下,光学遥感与内孤立波的响应。结果表明,内孤立波传播经过时,CCD1相机获得暗纹,暗纹的特性随光源入射角的变化而变化。光学遥感特征参数和垂向波要素相对应。实验还显示光学遥感图像的暗纹宽度与内孤立波的半波宽度在不同内孤立波振幅下呈现正相关关系。该系统有着现象清晰,重复性高的优点,为定量研究光学遥感成像机理提供科学依据。     

Crude oil families in the Euphrates Graben (Syria)

The most petroliferous province in Syria is the Euphrates Graben system in the eastern part of the country. The source of the produced light and heavy oils has been a matter of debate from a petroleum geochemistry perspective as there are several possible source rock and just one proven source rock (R'mah formation). Based on gross composition and oil-oil correlation of biomarker and non-biomarker characteristics, three oil families have here been identified in the study area. Crude oils of Family 1 have been found to be generated from a marine and clay-rich source rock that is older than Jurassic in age based on age-related biomarker parameters (steranes and nordiacholestane ratios). Maturity-related parameters (aliphatic biomarkers and diamondoids) signal that the source of this oil family had a high maturation level. These features fit very well to the Tanf Formation (Abba Group) which is equivalent to Lower Silurian Hot Shales found elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa. However, the Upper Cretaceous R'mah Formation and Shiranish Formation were found to be responsible for generating the majority of the crude oils studied (Family 2). Compositional and molecular differences between Families 2A and 2B were attributed to facies and subtle maturation variations. Geochemical oil-source rock correlations indicate that Family 2A was most likely sourced from the Shiranish Formation, while Family 2B was sourced from the R'mah Formation. Secondary alteration processes influenced bulk petroleum composition, most notably the depletion of light ends and the lowering of API gravity, particularly in the northwestern part of the graben.     

碱性品红光致聚合物薄膜的光致光衍射

本文研究了全息存储实验中以波长532 nm的半导体激光器作为记录和读出光源,碱性品红作为光敏剂的丙烯酰胺基光致聚合物薄膜的光致光衍射现 象.它可以考虑为透过全息干涉条纹的原始入射光和反射光,与来自光聚物中未曝光的不均匀表面和内部的散射光四波混频的结果.根据简并四波混频理论中的位相匹配条件对双光束全息写入时产生的衍射光锥,以及单光束辐照复现时产生的衍射光锥现象分别做出了理论解释;并且利用全息散射理论结合三角学知识对入射光的入射角与衍射光锥的锥角的依赖关系进行了深入讨论.