俄罗斯东萨哈林—鄂霍茨克盆地油气地质特征及勘探方向

以石油地质理论为基础,应用含油气系统评价方法,分析了俄罗斯东萨哈林—鄂霍茨克盆地的构造沉积演化特征和油气地质条件。盆地主要经历了裂谷期、转换拉伸期和反转期三个构造演化阶段。转换拉伸期形成了上渐新统达耶组—胡林组泥页岩、下中新统威宁组—达吉组煤系地层和中—上中新统奥科贝凯组—努托瓦组下段泥页岩等3套海相优质烃源岩,同时发育了钻井已证实的3套有利储盖组合。储层以海相三角洲砂岩为主,储集物性好。反转期构造运动使得盆地发育了构造、构造-地层等多种类型的圈闭。盆地生储盖组合和油气的生成、运移、聚集形成了较好的匹配格局,成藏条件优越。目前已发现的油气田主要分布在盆地西部地区,指出盆地东部海上的奥道普金凸起、南奥道普金凸起、柴沃坳陷内凸起带以及陆上的奥哈凸起、塔姆列夫凸起为盆地的有利勘探方向。     

印尼打拉根盆地油气成藏特征与主控因素

打拉根盆地是印度尼西亚重要的含油气盆地,油气资源丰富。盆地自陆向海划分为陆上反转构造带、陆架区伸展断裂带和深水区逆冲褶皱带,各区带油气成藏与分布特征存在差异。认为盆地油气成藏属烃源岩和输导体系联合控藏。烃源岩控制油气分布格局,中新统煤系为盆地主力烃源岩,生烃中心主体位于陆架区中部,油气主要富集在生烃中心附近的有利构造中。输导体系是不同区带油气成藏的主要控制因素,断裂和构造砂脊是陆上反转构造带油气运移的优势通道,油气主要富集在上新统与上中新统构造砂脊上的反转背斜中;生长断裂是陆架区伸展断裂带油气运移的优势通道,油气主要富集在上新统与上中新统断裂所夹持的断块上;逆冲断裂是深水区油气运移的优势通道,油气主要富集在上新统逆冲背斜中。指出陆架区伸展断裂带勘探潜力最大,深水区逆冲褶皱带勘探潜力次之,陆上反转构造带具有一定勘探潜力。     

中国前陆盆地油气富集规律

天然气的富集是中国前陆盆地的特点,煤系烃源岩发育是天然气富集的主要原因;中西部前陆盆地具有多期成藏的特征,构造多期叠合、古构造发育、多套烃源岩多期演化是油气多期成藏的主控因素;前陆盆地发育三套储盖组合和原源、它源两大套成藏体系,控制着油气纵向分布;前陆盆地不同构造带地质特征控制着油气区域分布规律,逆冲带、前缘隆起带油气藏主要分布于下部成藏体系,坳陷带油气藏主要分布于上部成藏体系;在逆冲山前带油藏被破坏形成油苗、沥青或残余油藏,在坳陷内的逆冲带和坳陷带主要聚集了成熟度相对较高的天然气,在斜坡带和前缘隆起带既聚集了早期形成的油（气）藏,又聚集了晚期成熟度相对较高的天然气。     

论塔里木盆地构造体系控油作用

塔里木盆地是多构造体系复合的大型含油气区,盆内二级构造体系控制生油拗陷和油气富集带三、四级扭动构造控制油气田。多构造体系复合型盆地油气藏特征是多含油气系统、多油气藏类型、多成藏期和油气田(藏)县4个并存等。      

特提斯构造域东段叠合盆地演化和油气成藏规律特征初论

通过分析特提斯构造域东段区域地质和含油气盆地勘探开发基础数据,从板块构造演化入手,系统编制特提斯构造域东段沉积构造演化剖面图和生储盖组合剖面图,研究盆地演化阶段、叠合特征、油气成藏条件及油气藏类型,揭示中亚和中国西部前陆盆地演化和油气富集规律异同。研究表明：古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋和新特提斯洋控制了特提斯构造域东段的区域构造分带、盆地演化、盆地类型及油气成藏模式。根据古洋壳缝合线可分为北、中、南3个构造带,古生代以来多期微板块的拼贴,导致特提斯构造域东段含油气盆地演化分为3个演化阶段,早古生代伸展、晚古生代挤压、早中生代伸展和新生代挤压构造作用控制了研究区盆地的叠合演化,发育下古生界、上古生界和中生界3套区域分布的优质烃源岩和下古生界、上古生界、中生界和新生界4套储盖组合,形成多种类型的油气藏。     

特提斯构造域东段叠合盆地演化和油气成藏规律特征初论

通过分析特提斯构造域东段区域地质和含油气盆地勘探开发基础数据,从板块构造演化入手,系统编制特提斯构造域东段沉积构造演化剖面图和生储盖组合剖面图,研究盆地演化阶段、叠合特征、油气成藏条件及油气藏类型,揭示中亚和中国西部前陆盆地演化和油气富集规律异同。研究表明：古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋和新特提斯洋控制了特提斯构造域东段的区域构造分带、盆地演化、盆地类型及油气成藏模式。根据古洋壳缝合线可分为北、中、南3个构造带,古生代以来多期微板块的拼贴,导致特提斯构造域东段含油气盆地演化分为3个演化阶段,早古生代伸展、晚古生代挤压、早中生代伸展和新生代挤压构造作用控制了研究区盆地的叠合演化,发育下古生界、上古生界和中生界3套区域分布的优质烃源岩和下古生界、上古生界、中生界和新生界4套储盖组合,形成多种类型的油气藏。     

盆地原型序列研究的思路与方法:以东秦岭—大别及其两侧盆地为例

现今盆地的复杂结构是不同历史阶段原型并列与叠加的组合。恢复盆地的原型演化序列是推测成烃成藏过程和油气藏分布的有效途径。在论述TSM盆地原型序列研究思路与方法的基础上,厘定了造山带古海洋恢复、陆内构造变形分析、盆地原型系列编图、盆地动态模拟4项配套关键技术;并以东秦岭—大别及邻区新元古代—早古生代盆地为例,明确了古中国洋的扩张以及向北的俯冲消亡和碰撞决定华北与扬子早古生代陆缘两侧经历了不同原型演化的过程。华北陆块南侧会聚陆缘的叠加转化造成两侧前泥盆系油气成藏物质的迥异分布,中、新生代以来原型更迭表现为多期构造改造与盆地叠加导致烃源热演化地区分异与多种油气成藏富集类型共存。由此表明,改造型盆地的油气地质评价立足盆地原型序列分析是可行和必要的,可从整体把握原型控制下烃源岩分布和叠加过程的油气成藏响应。     

南海岩石圈结构与油气资源分布

南海是中国唯一发育有洋壳的边缘海,是世界四大海洋油气聚集中心之一。油气勘探表明,南海的油气田分布在北部、西部和南部陆缘沉积盆地内,而大中型油气田集中分布在西部海域盆地中,自北而南有莺歌海—琼东南盆地、万安盆地、湄公盆地、曾母盆地和文莱—沙巴盆地,且以含气为主,含油次之。此外,这一区域深水区还存在多个潜在的大型含油气盆地。研究发现,南海的油气分布与深部岩石圈结构有密切关系。在构造上,南海的含油气盆地位于岩石圈块体边缘或之上,受控于大型岩石圈断裂的发育与演化。在油气富集的盆地中,莫霍面显著凸起,与盆地基底形成镜像,地壳厚度最薄处仅数千米厚,热流值明显较周围地区高,热岩石圈厚度大大减薄。地震层析成像结果反映,这些盆地深部发育一条规模宏大的北西向上地幔隆起带,自红河口向东南穿越南海西部海盆,一直延伸到婆罗州东北部地区,在宏观上控制了南海的油气分布与富集。     

环青藏高原巨型盆山体系构造与塔里木盆地油气分布规律

中国中西部受控于喜山期青藏高原的隆升和向北、向东的推挤,在其外围形成一个巨型的盆山构造体系,环青藏高原巨型盆山体系主要由复活后的古造山带、前陆冲断带和小型克拉通盆地三个基本的构造单元组成,其中古生界小型克拉通与中新生界前陆冲断带是重要的含油气单元,它决定了中国中西部油气分布主要受古生界克拉通古隆起和中新生界前陆冲断带的控制。塔里木盆地在纵向上由发育齐全的下古生代碳酸盐岩、上古生代海相-海陆交互相碎屑岩沉积和中新生代陆相碎屑岩等构造层序叠置而成,在平面上以较稳定的小型克拉通为核心,边缘环绕库车、喀什、塔西南、塔东南等褶皱或冲断变形的前陆冲断带。塔里木盆地古生界小型克拉通盆地与中新生界前陆逆冲带叠合-复合的构造特征,以及演化的多阶段性,决定了这类盆地具有"多套烃源岩、多储盖组合、多含油气系统"的叠合-复合含油气系统的特点;油气分布受小型克拉通盆地中的古隆起控制,形成大面积岩性地层油气藏,前陆盆地中的冲断带构造控制形成背斜油气藏,具有多期成藏并存与晚期成藏为主的特点。     

海拉尔塔木察格盆地中部断陷带油气形成条件及富集规律

海拉尔塔木察格盆地中部断陷带油气藏具有很大的资源潜力和储量规模,在白垩系均有广泛的分布,具备良好的油气地质背景和成藏条件,是未来油气勘探的重点领域,其形成条件及富集规律不明。笔者在大量统计分析和地质研究的基础上,探讨了中部断陷带油气藏的形成条件、分布特征和富集规律。指出油气藏形成的地质背景:该区经历了5期构造运动,其中3期改造强烈,形成3期叠合盆地,奠定了富油洼槽和油气规模富集的构造格局;不同演化时期发育的沉积体系类型不同,断裂坡折带和构造转换带控制扇体的展布,为油气规模富集提供了有利的储集空间;高含火山碎屑物质受有机酸溶蚀形成次生孔隙,为深部油气成藏提供了有效储层空间。系统分析得出油气藏形成控制因素和分布规律:复式箕状断陷凹中隆起带和大型缓坡断阶带是有利的油气成藏区带;烃源灶控制了油气藏的分布范围,已发现油藏主要分布在生烃洼槽内或周边;扇三角洲前缘、三角洲前缘及水下扇中扇相带是最有利的含油相带,是油气富集高产的重要因素。     

中亚卡拉库姆盆地油气分布特征与成藏模式

卡拉库姆盆地是世界上仅次于西西伯利亚盆地和波斯湾盆地的第三大富气盆地。本文以获取的最新油气田储量数据为基础，采用石油地质综合分析方法，探讨了该盆地油气的层系和区域分布特征及其成藏模式。受区域盖层控制，盆地内的油气主要富集于两套层系：中侏罗统卡洛阶-上侏罗统牛津阶碳酸盐岩储集层和下白垩统欧特里阶沙特利克组砂岩储集层。前者富集了盆地内68.0%的石油储量、84.0%的凝析油储量和44.2%的天然气储量，后者富集了盆地内36.4%的天然气储量。上侏罗统蒸发岩之下的盐下油气田的区域分布主要受有利储集相带和古隆起构造展布的控制；生物礁和古构造主要发育于盆地东北部的北阿姆河亚盆地，并导致盆地内已发现的盐下油气储量主要分布于此。受蒸发岩区域盖层和深大断裂的控制，盐上油气田主要分布于蒸发岩发育区之外、蒸发岩较薄且主要为硬石膏的地区、以及蒸发岩发育区内的深大断裂附近。蒸发岩之上的盐上层系并非油气特别是天然气勘探的禁区，源自盐下烃源岩的天然气可以在盐上储集层内聚集并形成大气田。     

塔里木盆地塔中礁滩体大油气田成藏条件与成藏机制研究

中国海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探近年来进展很快,发现了一批大型油气田。塔中地区是塔里木盆地的重点勘探区和富油气区,奥陶系蕴藏了丰富的油气资源。奥陶系良里塔格组受塔中I号坡折带的控制发育陆棚边缘礁滩体,储层性质为低孔-特低孔、低渗灰岩储层,埋深在4500~6500m。储层的形成和分布受早期高能沉积相带、溶蚀作用和断裂作用等因素的控制,有效储层的空间展布控制了油气的分布与大面积成藏。油源对比认为,塔中良里塔格组礁滩体油气藏的原油主要来自于中上奥陶统烃源岩,并混有寒武系烃源岩成因的原油;天然气主要来自于寒武系油裂解气,沿塔中I号坡折带断裂向内充注。成藏过程分析表明,塔中地区曾存在三期主要成藏期,第一期为加里东晚期成藏,油气来自于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩,但早海西期的构造运动,对该期油气破坏严重,造成大范围油藏破坏。第二期成藏期是晚海西期,也是塔中地区最重要的油气充成藏期,油气来自于中上奥陶统烃源岩。第三期成藏期是晚喜山期,受库车前陆冲断影响,台盆区快速沉降,埋深急速增大,寒武系原油裂解气形成,沿深部断裂向浅部奥陶系充注,对油藏进行气洗改造,从而形成大面积分布的凝析气藏。     

南海中南部区域储层分布规律及油气成藏模式

目前鲜有以南海中南部区域作为整体开展油气成藏模式研究.在前人研究基础上,结合构造演化、烃源岩研究,重点分析了油气分布特征,解剖了大中型油气田,开展了南海中南部区域碎屑岩储层和碳酸盐岩储层分布规律及油气成藏模式的系统研究.碎屑岩储层主要分布于万安盆地西侧、曾母盆地南侧和文莱-沙巴盆地,渐新世至上新世自南海中南部西南缘-南缘-东南缘主力碎屑岩储层分布层位逐渐变新;碳酸盐岩储层主要分布于万安盆地东部、曾母盆地中北部、礼乐盆地和巴拉望盆地.南海中南部区域迄今发现的54个特大型-大型油气田中,有碎屑岩油气田32个,碳酸盐岩油气田22个,储量合计为46.7×108 t,占油气总储量的81%.依据烃源岩特征、储层分布特点及典型油气田的成藏规律认识,将南海中南部的成藏模式分为3类:自生自储、砂岩储层富油为主、早期成藏;下生上储、碳酸盐岩储层富气为主、晚期成藏;自生自储、砂岩储层内油气并存、晚期成藏.      

新西兰Great South盆地构造演化对油气的控制作用

为研究Great South盆地的油气分布规律,分析了该盆地构造演化与油气成藏之间的关系。结果显示:该盆地划分为前裂谷期、裂谷期、漂移期与新的板块边界形成期4个构造演化阶段。该盆地构造演化对油气藏的形成起到了重要的控制作用,主力烃源岩的形成与分布受当时盆地构造位置与控凹断层的控制,主要分布于早期断陷湖盆的控凹断层下降盘,而断陷湖盆白垩系发育的储层是盆地最主要的储层。同时,构造演化也控制了与断垒、古基底凸起相关的圈闭发育及油气的运聚成藏,圈闭多具有继承性,可分为西部斜坡、中央凹陷与东部凸起三个构造带。垂向上,油气主要在断层比较发育的白垩系地层聚集成藏。平面上,油气以近源成藏为主,中央凹陷圈闭带为最有利的油气聚集带。     

巴西萨利莫斯盆地油气地质特征及油气分布规律

基于萨利莫斯盆地基础地质条件,以石油地质理论为指导,对盆地的生储盖条件及成藏特征进行了研究,并利用多因素叠合的方法对盆地潜在有利区进行了预测。分析认为,萨利莫斯盆地是新元古代末期克拉通内断陷基础上形成的克拉通盆地,形成古生界和中-新生界两套沉积充填序列。盆地内主力烃源岩和储盖层均发育在古生界序列中。泥盆系然迪亚图巴组页岩是盆地中的主力烃源岩;石炭系朱鲁尔组砂岩和泥盆系俄勒组砂岩是最有利的储集层段,与石炭系卡让利组、朱鲁尔组的蒸发岩和页岩构成良好的储盖组合。受岩浆侵入的影响,烃源岩的生排烃分为岩浆侵入前和侵入后两个阶段,并以第二阶段为主生排烃阶段;受晚期构造运动的影响,盆地具有多期成藏的特征,最后一期成藏决定了油气的最终分布。盆地勘探经验表明,油气田往往位于断裂带周围,并受烃源岩的发育位置控制。因此,认为盆地中烃源岩发育区内的断裂带周围是油气田,特别是气田的有利勘探领域。     

中国南方古生界-中生界油气藏成藏规律及勘探方向

中国南方古生界—中生界古油藏主要分布于黔中—雪峰 -江南隆起北侧 (以下古生界及上震旦统灯影组古油藏为主 ,其烃源主要是下寒武统 )及南盘江—十万大山地区上古生界及下三叠统台地及孤立台地边缘 (主要是上古生界及下三叠统自生自储型古油藏 ) ;现存古生界—中生界油气藏主要分布于四川盆地。根据南方多期构造改造及油气演化复杂性的特点 ,将南方古生界—中生界油气藏分成原生、次生及再生烃油气藏 3类。认为南方现存的古生界—中生界原生油气藏很少 ,绝大部分原生油气藏均已破坏成为古油藏 ,四川盆地现存的大多数油气藏是典型的次生油气藏。提出次生气藏有利勘探领域有川东南及大巴山前缘上石炭统—下三叠统、乐山 -龙女寺隆起东南斜坡上震旦统灯影组及下古生界、川西北地区及楚雄盆地北部凹陷上三叠统—下侏罗统煤成气藏 ,再生烃油气藏有利勘探地区有苏北盆地阜宁—盐城—海安—兴化—宝应地区、江汉盆地沉湖地区南部潜江—仙桃—牌州—汊参 1井地区及江西鄱阳盆地南部凹陷。这一认识已经得到苏北盆地盐城凹陷朱家墩气田、川东方斗山背斜带寨沟湾石炭系气田及江汉盆地沉湖地区南部开先台西油藏勘探发现的证实。     

A unified model for the formation and distribution of both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs

The discovery and large-scale exploration of unconventional oil/gas resources since 1980s have been considered as the most important advancement in the history of petroleum geology;that has not only changed the balance of supply and demand in the global energy market,but also improved our understanding of the formation mechanisms and distribution characteristics of oil/gas reservoirs.However,what is the difference of conventional and unconventional resources and why they always related to each other in petroliferous basins is not clear.As the differences and correlations between unconventional and conventional resources are complex challenging issues and very critical for resources assessment and hydrocarbon exploration,this paper focused on studying the relationship of formations and distributions among different oil/gas reservoirs.Drilling results of 12,237 exploratory wells in 6 representative petroliferous basins of China and distribution characteristics for 52,926 oil/gas accumulations over the world were applied to clarify the formation conditions and genetic relations of different oil/gas reservoirs in a petroliferous basin,and then to establish a unified model to address the differences and correlations of conventional and unconventional reservoirs.In this model,conventional reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field with high porosity and permeability located above the boundary of hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit.Unconventional tight reservoirs formed in confined hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and permeability located between hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit and hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit.Shale oil/gas reservoirs formed in the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and ultra-low permeability within the source rock layers.More than 75%of proved reserves around the world are discovered in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field,which is estimated to contain only 10%of originally generated hydrocarbons.Most of undiscovered resources distributed in the confined hydrocarbon dynamic field and the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field,which contains 90%of original generated hydrocarbons,implying a reasonable and promising area for future hydrocarbon explorations.The buried depths of hydrocarbon dynamic fields become shallow with the increase of heat flow,and the remaining oil/gas resources mainly exist in the deep area of“cold basin”with low geothermal gradient.Lithology changing in the hydrocarbon dynamic field causes local anomalies in the oil/gas dynamic mechanism,leading to the local formation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field or the occurrence of oil/gas enrichment sweet points with high porosity and permeability in the confined hydrocarbon dynamic field.The tectonic movements destroy the medium conditions and oil/gas components,which leads to the transformation of conventional oil/gas reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field to unconventional ones or unconventional ones formed in confined and bound hydrocarbon dynamic fields to conventional ones.     

Research Advances and Exploration Significance of Large-area Accumulation of Low and Medium Abundance Lithologic Reservoirs

In recent years, a series of large low and medium abundance oil and gas fields are discovered through exploration activities onshore China, which are commonly characterized by low porosity-permeability reservoirs, low oil/gas column height, multiple thin hydrocarbon layers, and distribution in overlapping and connection, and so on. The advantageous conditions for large-area accumulation of low-medium abundance hydrocarbon reservoirs include： （1） large （fan） delta sandbodies are developed in the hinterland of large flow-uncontrolled lake basins and they are alternated with source rocks extensively in a structure like ＂sandwiches＂; （2） effective hydrocarbon source kitchens are extensively distributed, offering maximum contact chances with various sandbodies and hydrocarbon source rocks; （3） oil and gas columns are low in height, hydrocarbon layers are mainly of normal-low pressure, and requirements for seal rock are low; （4） reservoirs have strong inheterogeneity and gas reservoirs are badly connected; （5） the hydrocarbon desorption and expulsion under uplifting and unloading environments cause widely distributed hydrocarbon source rocks of coal measures to form large-area reservoirs; （6） deep basin areas and synclinal areas possess reservoir-forming dynamics. The areas with great exploration potential include the Paleozoic and Mesozoic in the Ordos Basin, the Xujiahe Formation in Dachuanzhong in the Sichuan basin, deep basin areas in the Songliao basin etc. The core techniques of improving exploration efficiency consist of the sweetspot prediction technique that focuses on fine characterization of reservoirs, the hydrocarbon layer protecting and high-speed drilling technique, and the rework technique for enhancing productivity.     

Control of Facies and Potential on Jurassic Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Prediction of Favorable Targets in the Hinterland Region of the Junggar Basin

<正>Exploration practices show that the Jurassic System in the hinterland region of the Junggar Basin has a low degree of exploration but huge potential,however the oil/gas accumulation rule is very complicated,and it is difficult to predict hydrocarbon-bearing properties.The research indicates that the oil and gas is controlled by structure facies belt and sedimentary system distribution macroscopically,and hydrocarbon-bearing properties of sand bodies are controlled by lithofacies and petrophysical facies microscopically.Controlled by ancient and current tectonic frameworks,most of the discovered oil and gas are distributed in the delta front sedimentary system of a palaeo-tectonic belt and an ancient slope belt.Subaqueous branch channels and estuary dams mainly with medium and fine sandstone are the main reservoirs and oil production layers,and sand bodies of high porosity and high permeability have good hydrocarbon-bearing properties;the facies controlling effect shows a reservoir controlling geologic model of relatively high porosity and permeability.The hydrocarbon distribution is also controlled by relatively low potential energy at the high points of local structure macroscopically, while most of the successful wells are distributed at the high points of local structure,and the hydrocarbon-bearing property is good at the place of relatively low potential energy;the hydrocarbon distribution is in close connection with faults,and the reservoirs near the fault in the region of relatively low pressure have good oil and gas shows;the distribution of lithologic reservoirs at the depression slope is controlled by the distribution of sand bodies at positions of relatively high porosity and permeability.The formation of the reservoir of the Jurassic in the Junggar Basin shows characteristics of favorable facies and low-potential coupling control,and among the currently discovered reservoirs and industrial hydrocarbon production wells,more than 90%are developed within the scope of faciespotential index FPI0.5,while the FPI and oil saturation of the discovered reservoir and unascertained traps have relatively good linear correlation.By establishing the relation model between hydrocarbonbearing properties of traps and FPI,totally 43 favorable targets are predicted in four main target series of strata and mainly distributed in the Badaowan Formation and the Sangonghe Formation,and the most favorable targets include the north and east of the Shinan Sag,the middle and south of the Mobei Uplift,Cai-35 well area of the Cainan Oilfield,and North-74 well area of the Zhangbei fault-fold zone.     

南海油气分布特征及主控因素探讨

以最新油气田储量数据为基础,运用统计学与石油地质综合分析相结合的方法,研究表明,南海以气为主,其油、气探明储量分别占总探明储量的38%和62%。总探明储量中:碎屑岩储层油气田所占比例最高,占57%;其次为生物礁碳酸盐岩储层油气田,占36%;前第三系基岩裂缝型储层油气田,占7%。碎屑岩储层油气田主要分布于近物源区域,生物礁储层油气田主要分布于远离物源的台地区,基岩裂缝型储层油气田主要分布于南海西部走滑带控制的盆地中。油气主要分布于中中新统,其次为下中新统与前第三系基岩,它们分别占总探明储量的51%、17%和11%。高地温梯度与烃源岩的有机质类型决定了南海油气资源以气为主,盆地类型的差异决定了南海南部油气资源较北部丰富。盆地构造演化史和周边古水系控制了南海油气田储集类型和时空分布。