八卦庙金矿控矿构造研究

陕西风县八卦庙金矿是近期探明的特大型金矿。经研究发现它的成因与脆韧性剪切和岩浆热液蚀变有关。在八卦庙矿区至二里河铅锌矿一带发育了一条脆韧性剪切带，它控制了金矿体在走向（NWW－SEE）上的分布。金矿主要产在剪切带的脆韧性剪切条带和后期脆性剪切形成的碎裂告内；NE向在行小型断裂及其NE向节理控制了后期岩浆热液蚀变形成的矿脉的分布。在北矿带这些矿脉叠加在脆韧性剪切形成的NWW向展布的金矿体之上，形成富矿带。     

雪峰山中段含金剪切带型金矿脉产状特征及成因浅析

雪峰山中段铲子坪和大坪等金矿区目前发现的岩金矿脉均赋存于剪切带中，说明剪切作用本身也就是成矿作用。通过剪切作用过程中的应力分析，发现剪切带中金矿脉走向与剪切带走向的交角遵循一定的数学关系，从而提出二者交角的数学表达式，该数学表达式推算出的理论值与实测值可以相互对照。     

花岗岩类侵入体中岩墙对含金剪切带形成的影响：以加拿…

花岗岩类侵入体中与剪切带有关的含金石英脉常与镁铁质岩墙有密切关系，镁铁质岩墙对含金剪切带的位置、方位和运动学特征有重要影响。加拿大瓦勒多地区布拉马克深成岩体含有数条具经济意义的含金剪切带，其中大部分伴随和叠加有闪长岩墙。所有矿床中的矿体都由石英－电气石－黄铁矿脉组成，它们均具斜向逆冲方位，其走向、倾角及滑移方向都化较大。岩体内剪切带和矿脉的几何学及运动学特征都比对变形均匀的侵入体所预示的简单共轭型     

脉岩对花岗岩体含金剪切带演化的控制作用─—以Val—d＇Or地区阿比提比绿岩带中Bourlamaque岩体为例

花岗岩体中与剪切带有关的含金石英脉与镁铁质脉岩密切相关，脉岩对剪切带的分布、方向及运动学机制都有着显著的控制作用。Ｖａｌ—ｄ＇Ｏｒ地区Ｂｏｕｒｌａｍａｑｕｅ岩休中出露若干条有经济意义的含金剪切带，其中大多数沿闪长质脉岩分布或叠加于闪长质脉岩之上。该区所有矿床都由赋存于斜冲断层内的石英—电气石—黄铁矿脉组成，这些脉的走向、倾向、滑移方向变化较大，矿脉的几何形态和运动学机制比在变形均一侵入体中所预想的简单共轭型式要复杂得多。Ｂｏｕｒｌａｍａｑｕｅ岩体外类似剪切带显示的北向性挤压与岩体内剪切带的应力张量一致，说明闪长质脉岩对岩体内复杂的剪切带和矿脉起了显著的控制作用。这些脉岩在后期变形中作为活化的薄弱层，进一步表明非均质薄弱层在剪切带形成演化过程中的重要作用。矿体的倾伏方向与矿体沿剪切带的滑移方向在空间上具有一定的几何关系：二者常常垂直或相互平行。因此勘探初期即可预测矿体的倾伏方向。由于矿脉沿剪切带活化层的滑移方向受应力大小及有关的薄弱层控制，因此利用充分资料，通过断层滑移分析方法，不仅可计算出控制参数，还可预测任一方向活化层的滑移方向。     

孟公界花岗岩型脉状铀矿床成矿构造研究及找矿预测

笔者运用大陆构造体系分析方法，详细研究了桂北苗儿山矿田孟公界花岗岩型铀矿床的成矿构造特征，初步查明了北北西向矿脉的形成是受区域性北北东向左旋剪切的次级剪应力场控制，成矿前形成的韧性剪切带既是矿液运移的通道，也是矿体赋存的有利空间；剪切作用造成矿脉、脉体在空间上呈雁行排列并向北北西方向侧伏。根据成矿构造预测，该矿床在1号矿脉的深部有较好的找矿前景，2～6号脉矿化地段由西向东逐渐加深，盲矿体应埋藏在较深部位。     

内蒙古撰山子金矿地质特征

撰山子金矿由８０余条矿脉组成，划分为７个矿脉带，严格受ＮＷ向剪切断裂带控制。产在侵入体接触带上的剪切断裂是控制本区工业矿体的主要导矿和容矿构造。金矿成矿热液来自于深源，成矿物理化学环境为中浅成中低温热液环境。     

小秦岭金矿田Q240控矿构造特征及深部成矿预测

对小秦岭金矿田Q240号矿脉进行构造与矿化蚀变特征分析研究,结果表明该脉体经历了多期构造活动改造。构造带早期以左行脆韧性剪切变形为主,发育北西走向石英脉,其构造线理倾伏向南西,石英脉中矿化特征以黄铁矿为主,呈条带状分布;而后期右行脆韧性剪切变形则形成北东东走向的黄铁矿石英脉。对3个矿体平面上变化特征的分析表明,矿体被多期构造-热液活动叠加,主成矿构造应该与北东走向的左行剪切变形相关,并在后期遭受了右行走滑变形改造,以北东东走向的缓倾结构面为容矿空间。结合应力环境和控矿规律以及矿体侧伏特征,依据构造蚀变特征,认为矿体在走向和倾向上均有似等距规律。据此,在Q240矿脉深部圈定出3处成矿靶区。      

小秦岭东闯金矿S507脉地质特征及构造控矿分析——S507单脉储量过半的启示

小秦岭矿集区东闯金矿为石英脉型矿化类型,其最突出的特点是矿脉延伸长、延深大,且矿体连续性好,仅S507一条矿脉在矿区走向延长超过3.2km,垂向延深超过1600m(深部尚未圈闭),单脉勘探提交黄金储量达47.2t,约占该矿黄金储量的70.35%。研究表明,该区从早到晚经历了四期褶皱-剪切作用,表现为从塑性流变到晚期构造隆升。其中五台期褶皱翼部的构造薄弱带发育成了压扭性脆韧性剪切带,又被燕山早期第三期褶皱作用改造成张扭性韧脆性剪切带,并为含矿流体的大规模贯入和成矿提供了有利的容矿空间。来自于深部的成矿流体,在较高温度、压力等物理化学条件控制下,快速贯入到区域性韧脆性剪切带中积聚、沉淀成矿。也正是由于含矿流体快速贯入区域性韧脆性剪切带,而导致含矿流体物理化学条件的快速改变,使得某条矿脉储量达到全矿黄金储量的50%以上。     

金厂峪、峪耳崖金矿自然金的标型特征及其意义

本文重点阐述了金厂峪、峪耳崖金矿自然金的产状、粒度、形态、成色、数量元素，晶胞参数的特征及其在矿床成因研究和找矿中的意义。经系统对比研究认为：峪耳崖金矿北矿带７中段以下仍有金矿脉延伸；峪耳崖金矿形成于中生代，金厂峪金矿的形成与早于中元古代的韧性剪切带有关，并受到后期地质作用的较大影响。     

西澳大利亚太古宇中的金矿化和走向滑动剪切带

穿透性剪切带中膨胀部位的几何形态常常决定含金脉和含金角砾岩的形状、体积和规模。剪切组构的分布,它们的空间排布和运动要素的方向,指明膨脉部位的地点,还能预测潜在矿化的几何形态。剪切带的几何形态及由此产生的矿脉的阵列将以西澳大利亚太古宙克拉通的例子予以介绍。可看出,矿脉定向及分布的制图,能有效地予测剪切带的式样并确定矿化部位的几何形态。     

Structural controls of lode-gold mineralization by mafic dykes in late-Paleozoic granitoids of the Kochkar district, southern Urals, Russia

The Kochkar gold district in the East Uralian Zone of the southern Urals is located in late-Paleozoic granite gneisses of the Plast massif. Gold mineralization is associated with tabular quartz lodes that are preferentially developed along the margins of easterly trending mafic dykes. Fabric development indicates that dykes had a profound influence on the development of shear zones in granitoids. ENE- and SE-trending dykes have been reactivated as dextral and sinistral oblique strike-slip shear zones, respectively, forming a set of approximately conjugate shear zones related to the Permian, regional-scale E-W directed shortening. Dyke-shear zone relationships in the Plast massif are the result of strain refraction due to the presence of biotite-rich, incompetent dykes in more competent granite-gneisses. Deformation and the formation of associated gold-quartz lodes occurred close to peak-metamorphic, upper-greenschist to lower-amphibolite facies conditions. Strain refraction has resulted in partitioning of the bulk strain into a component of non-coaxial mainly ductile shear in mafic dykes, and a component of layer-normal pure shear in surrounding granitoids where deformation was brittle-ductile. Brittle fracturing in granitoids has resulted in the formation of fracture permeabilities adjacent to sheared dykes, that together with the layer-normal dilational component, promoted the access of mineralizing fluids. Both ore-controlling dykes and gold-quartz lodes were subsequently overprinted by lower greenschist-facies, mainly brittle fault zones and associated hydrothermal alteration that post-date gold mineralization. Received: 15 October 1998 / Accepted: 18 August 1999     

Structural analysis of the Baolun gold deposit,Hainan Island,South China: Implications for metallogeny

The Baolun gold deposit is a mesothermal orogenic gold deposit located in the southwestern part of Hainan Island, South China. The deposit comprises a series of NNW-trending quartz-sulfide lodes situated within a parallel array of fault zones traversing a sequence of variably foliated flysch siliciclastic rocks of the Lower Silurian. Detailed field mapping documented at least five phases of deformation in the deposit including NNW-trending folding of the Lower Silurian rocks (D1), development of NNW-trending, steeply dipping ductile shear zones with an oblique dextral sense corresponding to NNE-SSW shortening (D2), WNW-ESE shortening and extension associated with an early oblique sinistral ductile shearing along the NNW-trending fault zones (D3), ENE-WSW shortening (D4), and near N-S extension (D5). The gold-bearing quartz lodes cut the strata folded in the D1, show some laminar layering related to ductile shear in the D2 and are overprinted by brittle structures formed in the D3 to D5. ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating on muscovite from an auriferous quartz lode yielded an age of 242 ± 2.5 Ma, which, together with the age of 232 ± 2.5 Ma for an aplite vein in the deposit, suggests that the mineralization may be related to a tectono-thermal event in the Triassic. In the context of the southern South China plate tectonics, the formation of the Baolun gold deposit is interpreted to be related to the oblique dextral ductile shearing (D2) along the NNW-trending fault zones during the Indosinian orogeny, in relation to the convergence between the Indochina and South China plates.     

浙江治岭头金银矿体的控矿构造

治岭头金银矿基底发育八都群变质系,盖层为晚侏罗世火山岩系,金银矿体赋存于变质岩系中,金银矿体受控于变质基底的韧性共轭剪切带。研究认为,NW方向的韧性剪切带具有右行平移性质,NE方向的韧性剪切带具有左行平移性质,EW方向剪切带未见剪切动向,主要为含变质岩角砾的石英脉。NE和NW两个方向的韧性剪切带具有共轭性质,EW方向剪切带位于共轭剪切带交汇部位,受到相向挤压造成的尖端钝化,SN向的脆性断裂对矿体起到破坏作用。     

Gold mineralisation throughout about 45 Ma of Archaean orogenesis: protracted flux of gold in the Golden Mile, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia

The Golden Mile deposit was discovered in 1893 and represents today the largest Archaean orogenic lode gold system in the world (50 M oz produced gold). The Golden Mile deposit comprises three major styles of gold mineralisation: Fimiston, Oroya and Charlotte styles. Fimiston-style lodes formed at 250 to 350 °C and 100 to 200 MPa and are controlled by brittle–ductile fault zones, their subsidiary fault zone and vein networks including breccias and open-cavity-infill textures and hydrothermally altered wall rock. Fimiston lodes were formed late D₁, prior to D₂ regional upright folding. Hydrothermal alteration haloes comprise a progression toward the lode of diminishing chlorite, an increase in sericite and in Fe content of carbonates. Lodes contain siderite, pyrite, native gold, 17 different telluride minerals (Au–Ag tellurides contain ~25% of total gold), tourmaline, haematite, sericite and V-rich muscovite. Oroya-style lodes formed at similar P–T conditions as the Fimiston lodes and are controlled by brittle–ductile shear zones, associated dilational jogs that are particularly well developed at the contact between Paringa Basalt and black shale interflow sedimentary rocks and altered wall rock. The orebodies are characterised by micro-breccias and zones of intense shear zone foliation, very high gold grades (up to 100,000 g/t Au) and the common association of tellurides and vanadian mica (green leader). Oroya lodes crosscut Fimiston lodes and are interpreted to have formed slightly later than Fimiston lodes as part of one evolving hydrothermal system spanning D₁ and D₂ deformation (ca. 2,675–2,660 Ma). Charlotte-style lodes, exemplified by the Mt Charlotte deposit, are controlled by a sheeted vein (stockwork) complex of north-dipping quartz veins and hydrothermally altered wall rock. The Mt Charlotte orebody formed at 120 to 440 °C and 150 to 250 MPa during movement along closely spaced D₄ (2,625 Ma) and reactivated D₂ faults with the quartz granophyre in the Golden Mile Dolerite exerting a strong lithological control on gold mineralisation. Veins consist of quartz–carbonate–minor scheelite, and wall-rock alteration comprises chlorite destruction and growth of ferroan carbonate–sericite–pyrite–native gold. Pyrite–pyrrhotite is zoned on the scale of vein haloes and of the entire mine, giving a vertical temperature gradient of 50–100 °C over 1,000 vertical metres. The structural–hydrothermal model proposed consists of four major stages: (1) D₁ thrusting and formation of Fimiston-style lodes, (2) D₂ reverse faulting and formation of Oroya-style lodes, (3) D₃ faulting and dissecting of Fimiston- and Oroya-style lodes, and (4) D₄ faulting and formation of Mt Charlotte-style sheeted quartz vein system. The giant accumulation of gold in the Golden Mile deposit was formed due to protracted gold mineralisation throughout episodes of an Archaean orogeny that spanned about 45 Ma. Fluid conduits formed early in the tectonic history and persisted throughout orogenesis with the plumbing system showing a rare high degree of focussing, efficiency and duration. In addition to the long-lasting fluid plumbing system, the wide variety of transient structural and geochemical traps, multiple fluid sources and precipitation mechanism contributed towards the richest golden mile in the world.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann     

龙泉关韧性剪切带地质特征

龙泉关韧性剪切带由五台期韧性剪切带和吕梁期韧性剪切带复合而成，五台期韧性剪切带形成于低角闪岩相环境下，吕梁期韧性剪切带形成于绿片岩相环境下。两期韧性剪切带对五台期和吕梁期变质建造具有明显的控制作用，并部分地改造了阜平期变质岩。     

Geometrical analysis of mesoscopic shear zones in the crystalline rocks of MCT zone of Garhwal Higher Himalaya

The crystalline rocks of the MCT Zone of Garhwal Higher Himalaya exhibit well-preserved mesoscopic shear zones. Majority of these shear zones are of ductile and brittle ductile type with both sinistral and dextral sense of movement. Detailed analysis of mesoscopic shear zones reveals that sinistral shear zones exhibit a strike variation from NNE to ENE and dextral shear zones exhibit variation from NNW to WNW directions thus forming a conjugate pair. The bisectors of statistically preferred orientations of the two sets of the shears indicate that they generated due to NNE–SSW horizontal compression. These dextral and sinistral shear zones exhibit strike–slip geometry developed during progressive ductile shearing.     

托莫尔日特金矿区韧脆性剪切带及其控矿作用

矿区位于近NW-NWW向展布的断裂带内,并严格受其控制.控矿断裂带为一条韧-脆性剪切带,其形成主要经历了早期韧性变形、晚期脆性变形及后期改造破坏3个阶段,叠加于早期韧性剪切带之上的晚期脆性破裂带,是矿脉的主要产出位置,成矿与断裂带的韧-脆性转换密切相关.矿体形成于韧-脆性剪切带的转换带附近,后期由于抬升剥蚀而出露地表.矿体分布可能具有"两层楼"式的垂直分带,上部为石英脉型金矿体,品位较高,但规模不大;下部为糜棱岩型金矿体,规模较大,但品位稍低.因此本区以后的找矿工作中应注意挖掘深部糜棱岩型金矿的潜力.     

辽东鞍山齐大山韧性剪切带运动学解析及形成机制

关于太古宙早期地壳演化构造机制的争论已经持续了数十年,其焦点主要集中于水平构造还是垂向构造两大经典构造模式的探讨.对于早期地壳构造演化方面的研究,将会有助于我们更好地理解早前寒武纪的地球动力学机制.本文对华北克拉通东北部鞍山地区花岗-绿岩带内齐大山韧性剪切带的构造变形特征进行了详细的解析,揭示了该区新太古代垂向构造作用样式.研究结果表明,齐大山韧性剪切带内花岗质岩石长英质矿物塑性拉长特征明显,条带状构造发育,面理向NWW方向陡倾,不对称组构特征和矿物拉伸线理产状指示向NWW的陡倾正滑移剪切作用.变形岩石中的长英质矿物均发育中低温显微变形特征,石英C轴电子背散射衍射（EBSD）组构分析揭示石英以菱面＜a＞和底面＜a＞滑移系为主,岩石经历了中低温非共轴变形.根据矿物的变形行为以及石英的结晶优选方位推测变形温度约为400~500℃,岩石变形特征以位错蠕变为主.有限应变分析结果表明,靠近铁矿带方向,构造岩类型由L=S构造岩过渡为LS构造岩,岩石应变强度呈明显增强趋势.运动学涡度测量结果显示齐大山韧性剪切带内大多数岩石样品的W_k值大于0.75,岩石形成于以简单剪切作用为主的一般剪切作用.对比花岗-绿岩带西侧的白家坟韧性剪切带,显示二者均具有相向的陡倾正滑移运动学特征,表明新太古代时期鞍山地区地壳构造演化模式以垂向构造作用为主.      

定结地区韧性剪切带变形特征与糜棱岩研究

定结地区位于喜马拉雅造山带中段 ,发育有多方向、多尺度、多层次、多期次的韧性剪切带。在剪切带中 ,各种韧性变形组构极为丰富 ,表明剪切带岩石的变形主要为韧性变形机制所致。变形岩石类型为花岗质糜棱岩、长英质糜棱岩和硅质糜棱岩 ;由于岩石受糜棱岩化作用程度的不同 ,在韧性剪切带中发育糜棱岩化岩石、初糜棱岩、糜棱岩及超糜棱岩 ;剪切带岩石的变形温度为 2 0 8～ 5 5 9℃。     

中国大陆岩石圈壳幔韧性剪切带系统

众多地震测深剖面的地质构造解析显示,大陆岩石圈存在既有显著差异又有密切联系的两套断裂系统,即以地壳表层脆性剪切带为主的浅层断裂系统和以切割莫霍界面的壳幔韧性剪切带为主的深部断裂系统。根据地震测深速度结构特征,结合深部构造岩石地球化学的综合研究,将切割莫霍界面或壳幔过渡带的壳幔韧性剪切带划分为三类(俯冲带、缝合带和剪切带)五型(大陆岩石圈边缘海沟俯冲带、大陆岩石圈碰撞缝合带、挤压型壳幔韧性剪切带、伸展型壳幔韧性剪切带和走滑型壳幔韧性剪切带)。建立起中国大陆岩石圈构造变形由地壳表层向深部扩展以及由壳幔过渡带向地壳中上部扩展的岩石圈双向扩展模式。壳幔韧性剪切带既是无机成因天然气等深部流体的通道,又是地震活动区的发震构造之一,因此研究大陆岩石圈壳幔韧性剪切带具有重要学术价值和实际意义。