沉积体系与煤层气储盖特征之关系探讨

沉积作用通过聚煤特征、含煤岩系的岩性、岩相组成及其空间组合在一定程度上控制着煤层气的保存条件,我国存在具有一定时空展布规律的6种煤储层/盖层基本条件：浅海－障壁海岸体系对煤储层的封盖能力较强;浅海－无障壁海岸体系多数导致对煤层气的封盖能力变差;近海三角洲体系的封盖沉积条件一般较好;河流体系如果沉积单元结构完整则封盖条件较好,若煤储层直接顶板为河道相或决口扇相粗－中粒砂岩则对煤层气的保存十分不利;湖泊体系对煤储层的封盖能力较强;冲积扇体系的封盖能力总体上极差。沉积体系与煤层气储盖特征以及煤储层含气性之间的这种耦合关系,不仅在华南、华北聚煤区呈现出区域展布规律,而且对于特定矿区煤储层含气量分布具有控制作用,是煤储层含气性预测的重要参考依据。     

潮汕地区全新世障壁海岸三角洲沉积演化与砂体展布

全新世我国华南沿海广泛发育障壁海岸,此环境下发育独特的障壁海岸三角洲沉积.基于对潮汕地区的现代地质考察,并总结前人的研究认识,得出该地区韩江三角洲形成演化的主要控制因素为海平面变化、障壁-潟湖体系、河流搬运能力;明确了不同时期三角洲演化的特征及砂体的展布规律;然后,结合螺河三角洲和万宁小海的发育特点,划分出障壁海岸三角洲演化的三大阶段,即形成期:障壁-潟湖体系形成,潟湖内开始形成三角洲;发展期:潟湖内水体稳定,三角洲前积较快,障壁沙坝向海迁移;改造期:潟湖逐渐消失,沉积物开始在障壁沙坝外侧沉积,三角洲向海推进;最后,建立了潮汕地区早期潟湖内河流作用为主、后期障壁外多种动力共同作用下的障壁海岸三角洲的沉积模式.     

西藏沙丁、荣布地区三叠系—老第三系沉积地质特征

研究区从三叠纪到老第三纪,发育的岩石地层主要有确哈拉群（Ｔ３）、希湖群（Ｊ１－２）、拉贡塘组（Ｊ２－３）、多尼组（Ｋ１）、竟柱山组（Ｋ２）和牛堡组（Ｅ２－３）。在沉积相上,经历了从深水沉积到浅水直至陆相沉积的演变,发育有冲积扇、河流、湖泊、三角洲（潮汐）、障壁海岸、浅海、深海和火山碎屑流沉积。古地理分析表明,研究区晚三叠世古地理轮廓是一个从东南向西北和东北方向由浅水碳酸盐台地及深水陆层海底扇沉积共同发育的沉积盆地;早中侏罗世,演变成为一个由深水砂质浊积岩和细屑浊积岩组成的水下席状体沉积;进入中晚侏罗世,其古地理表现为一个陆屑浅海有障壁海岸;到了晚白垩世,研究区表现为以含煤沉积为特征的三角洲相沉积。     

辽西地区常州沟期——团山子期岩相古地理概况

辽西地区长城纪常州沟期-团山子期由陆源碎屑岩沉积底垫始,至形成稳定的碳酸盐岩台地止,构成了一个完整的海侵-海退旋回.根据其岩石组合、沉积构造、指相微量元素、古盐度及稀土元素比值等测试成果分析,这一时期沉积相做有规律的变化,早期发育河控三角洲相,中期发育无障壁海岸相、浅海陆棚相,晚期为有障壁海岸相、开阔台地相、局限台地相.     

山西沁水盆地东北部太原组沉积序列及环境演化

山西沁水盆地东北部上石炭统—下二叠统太原组含有丰富的煤与煤层气资源,在昔阳黑土岩村一带有良好的露头剖面。以黑土岩村剖面为主要研究对象,结合邻区部分钻孔资料,对石炭—二叠系太原组的岩石特征、沉积构造、化石组成及沉积序列类型进行了详细分析。取得如下成果:在研究剖面中识别出有障壁和无障壁海岸以及三角洲3种沉积体系,5种沉积相、3种亚相和5种微相,并在太原组中部层段发现混积潮坪沉积;建立了9种沉积序列类型及其古环境分布模式,并基于沉积序列的垂向变化规律,提出了本区太原组的沉积环境模式,进而简要论述了太原组自下而上从障壁岛—潟湖—潮坪到浅海—潮坪,最后到三角洲的沉积环境演变过程。     

山西沁水盆地东北部太原组沉积序列及环境演化*

山西沁水盆地东北部上石炭统—下二叠统太原组含有丰富的煤与煤层气资源,在昔阳黑土岩村一带有良好的露头剖面。以黑土岩村剖面为主要研究对象,结合邻区部分钻孔资料,对石炭—二叠系太原组的岩石特征、沉积构造、化石组成及沉积序列类型进行了详细分析。取得如下成果: 在研究剖面中识别出有障壁和无障壁海岸以及三角洲3种沉积体系,5种沉积相、3种亚相和5种微相,并在太原组中部层段发现混积潮坪沉积;建立了9种沉积序列类型及其古环境分布模式,并基于沉积序列的垂向变化规律,提出了本区太原组的沉积环境模式,进而简要论述了太原组自下而上从障壁岛—潟湖—潮坪到浅海—潮坪,最后到三角洲的沉积环境演变过程。     

巴彦浩特盆地石炭系物源及沉积相研究

通过岩石薄片分析和石英阴极发光特征,对巴彦浩特盆地石炭系进行物源分析.结果表明,该盆地石炭系存在北部阿拉善古陆、东南部陇西古陆、西部龙首山隆起及东部骡子山隆起4个物源方向,母岩分别为太古界及元古界变质岩、前石炭系沉积岩及加里东期岩浆岩.古物源与沉积体系具良好空间配置关系,通过野外剖面观察,结合物源和相标志,认为研究区石炭系早期主要受阿拉善古陆影响,发育障壁海岸和混积陆棚相,中晚期受多物源共同影响,发育障壁海岸、无障壁海岸、扇三角洲、曲流河三角洲和混积陆棚相.     

鄂尔多斯盆地早二叠世聚煤环境与成煤模式分析

通过分析鄂尔多斯盆地早二叠世煤层分布规律、沉积相及古地理、聚煤环境类型及时空分布,认为主要的聚煤沉积体系为障壁海岸、潮控三角洲及河流(三角洲平原),其中陆相泥炭沼泽及海相泥炭坪是主要的成煤环境。障壁海岸聚煤模式、潮控三角洲成煤模式、河流（或三角洲平原）成煤模式是区内存在的3种主要成煤模式,形成了主要的可采煤层。对煤层形成和保存的根本控制因素是与泥炭沉积相关的可容纳空间的变化速率。     

沉积作用与沉积相 第五讲 陆源碎屑岩的沉积相和沉积模式(二)

童豪富(Twenhofel,1932、1950)把滨海(littoral)、三角洲(delta)、河口湾(estuary)和边缘泻湖(marginal lagoon)监列为海陆混合环境,后来也称为海陆过渡环境。所以,滨海环境不包括三角洲海岸和冲积扇海岸等环境。赖内克和辛格(H.E.Reineck和I.B.Singh,1970)将海岸分为大陆海岸、陡崖海岸、沉降海岸(如海峡、海湾等)、障壁海岸和暖海生物礁海岸等。     

第五讲 陆源碎屑岩的沉积相和沉积模式(二)

童豪富（Twenhofel,1932、1950）把滨海（littoral）、三角洲（delta）、河口湾（estuary）和边缘泻湖（marginal lagoon）並列为海陆混合环境,后来也称为海陆过渡环境。所以,滨海环境不包括三角洲海岸和冲积扇海岸等环境。赖内克和辛格（H.E.Reineck和I.B.Singh,1970）将海岸分为大陆海岸、陡崖海岸、沉降海岸（如海峡、海湾等）、障壁海岸和暖海生物礁海岸等。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861