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文章通过规则齿形结构面在不同法向应力下的剪切试验,对其力学特性进行了基础性研究,阐述了规则齿形结构面在剪切条件下力学特性的主要特征及其力学特性的主要规律。通过对试验数据的分析,对结构面在剪切力作用下的强度特性以及结构面在剪切条件下的粗糙度特性进行了研究,在此基础上提出了结构面剪切刚度计算模型以及结构面爬坡角与粗糙度系数之间的经验关系,同时对结构面的剪切位移曲线特征进行了描述,并对现象做出了解释。 相似文献
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应变综合结构势是一种新的、可以方便应用于复杂应力状态下的土结构性参数。根据应变综合结构势参数的定义,用三轴剪切试验中原状黄土(或人工结构性黄土)、重塑黄土以及饱和黄土的应力-应变曲线求得原状黄土(或人工结构性黄土)的结构性参数曲线,分析了三轴试验条件下非饱和黄土的结构变化特性。结果表明,应变综合结构势作为一种新的土结构性参数,它与应力综合结构势参数对同一影响因素的变化趋势基本相同,可以合理解释土体在三轴剪切试验条件下土结构性参数曲线所表现出的基本特征,更适合描述在三轴复杂应力状态下土体结构性的变化和发展。 相似文献
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新庄煤矿立井采用冻结法施工技术,在井筒开挖的过程中,由于侧向卸荷作用导致围岩产生卸荷变形。从新庄煤矿立井现场采集白垩系中粒砂岩,对加工后的岩样进行饱水处理,然后利用GCTS电液伺服控制高低温高压岩石三轴测试系统进行冻结(-10 ℃)条件下的恒轴压、卸围压三轴试验,模拟在井筒开挖过程中围岩的应力变化路径,探索冻结砂岩的变形特性。研究表明:侧向卸荷条件下冻结砂岩表现出弹-脆性特征,轴向表现为压缩变形,径向表现为膨胀变形,径向变形量约为轴向变形量的2倍;当卸荷速率一定时,岩样的卸荷变形随初始围压的增大而增大,尤其是径向变形最为显著,这可能与卸荷回弹变形及岩样内部聚集的能量大小有关;围压卸荷到同一应力水平时,高卸荷速率下岩样的卸荷变形量较小,而变形速率较大;卸荷作用导致岩样变形模量减小,横向应变与纵向应变之比增大,卸荷速率越小,初始围压越大,应变之比变化越大。 相似文献
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微震、工程爆破等低应力循环剪切荷载作用对节理岩体工程失稳破坏具有重要影响。为研究峰前循环剪切加卸载作用下岩石节理剪切力学特性,采用RDS-200型岩石节理剪切试验系统对人工劈裂黄砂岩节理进行了峰前循环剪切下的直剪试验。通过与未进行峰前循环剪切加卸载时岩石节理力学参数预测值对比,得到峰前循环剪切加卸载作用对峰前剪切刚度、峰值剪切强度、峰值剪切位移与残余剪切强度的影响。结果表明:(1)峰前循环剪切加卸载后,当法向应力为2 MPa时,岩石节理峰前剪切刚度增大,当法向应力为4~10 MPa时,岩石节理峰前剪切刚度在循环剪切应力幅值范围内增大,在超出循环剪切应力幅值时减小;(2)峰前循环剪切加卸载后,峰值剪切强度降低了10%~20%,降低百分比随法向应力增大整体呈对数函数增大;峰值剪切位移增加了2%~40%,增加百分比随法向应力增大整体呈对数函数减小;(3)峰前循环剪切加卸载后,岩石节理残余剪切强度无明显变化,峰值剪切强度与残余剪切强度差值减小,峰后剪切应力做功损失百分比降低。 相似文献
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环境侵蚀下水泥土力学特性的时间效应分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用模拟试验的方法探讨了在各种环境因素(水、不同化学溶液、不同浓度以及不同pH值等)影响下的水泥土在各个龄期的力学特性,对其相应荷载位移曲线进行了分析和讨论.得到了水泥土在各种侵蚀环境下的力学特性与时间的关系,并对环境侵蚀条件下水泥土的强度增长规律进行了分析.结果显示各种环境因素对水泥土力学性质均有明显的影响.从时间效应看,随着水泥土中水泥的水化和水泥固化体的形成,侵蚀效应在逐渐减弱. 相似文献
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Effect of strain rate on strength properties of low-calcium fly-ash-based geopolymer mortar under dry condition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manoj Khandelwal P. G. Ranjith Zhu Pan J. G. Sanjayan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(7):2383-2389
This paper presents the mechanical and elastic properties of inorganic polymer mortar under varying strain rates. The study includes a determination of the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio at 0.001, 0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 mm/s strain rate. A total of 21 cylindrical specimens having 100 mm length and 50 mm diameter were investigated, and all tests were carried out pursuant to the relevant Australian Standards. Although some variability between the mixes was observed, the results show that, in most cases, the engineering properties of geopolymer mortar compare favourably to those predicted by the relevant Australian Standards for concrete mixtures. It was found that the change in the strain rate causes different behaviour related to the percentage of the ultimate load. The ultimate strength, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the geopolymer mortar depend on the strain rate. It was also found that as the strain rate increases, mechanical and elastic properties of geopolymer mortar substantially increase in logarithmic manner. 相似文献
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复杂应力下充填体破坏能耗试验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用先进的MTS和INSTRON刚性伺服试验机对不同灰砂比的充填体进行了常规三轴、无侧限单轴动态、静态抗压强度试验,测得了各种相关力学参数,得到了对应的荷载-位移和应力-应变全曲线,根据所得试验力学参数和压缩试验的性质,将单个试件、单位体积、单位质量的破坏能耗作为考查指标,计算了三轴和单轴抗压动态、静态加载方式下的破坏能耗,计算过程中消除了负位移产生的不利影响,通过统计回归建立和分析了围压与能耗的函数关系和不同情况下破坏能耗的变化及规律,对矿山顺利回采矿柱、维护采场及巷道顶板稳定、控制地压、防止地表塌陷、环境保护等具有现实意义。 相似文献
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热-水-应力耦合条件下三项因素对核素迁移影响的有限元分析 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
目前在放射性核素随地下水迁移的研究中还很少涉及温度场和应力场的影响。针对这一问题,引入渗透迁移方程,将所开发的饱和-非饱和孔隙介质中热-水-应力耦合弹塑性模型及其二维有限元程序进行了扩展和改进,使之可以同步地对温度场、渗流场、应力场和放射性核素浓度场的变化进行解析。对一个假想的核废料处置库算例,通过分别改变影响地下水中核素迁移的3个因素:渗透系数、分配系数和分子扩散系数,考察了在热-水-应力-迁移耦合作用条件下近场放射性核素浓度的分布及变化,从而认识到:当缓冲层的渗透系数小到一定程度后,缓冲层中核素迁移基本不再受渗流场的影响;缓冲层分配系数越小,分子扩散系数越大,核素迁移越快。 相似文献
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新汶矿区地震地质条件较为复杂,通过在数据采集、资料处理与解释中采取有效技术措施,特别是采用高叠加、稀CDP,较好地解决了新汶矿区地震勘探中存在的静校正、波形一致性校正、信噪比低、偏移成像困难等地震勘探技术难题,取得了较好的勘探效果. 相似文献
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通过对薛湖煤矿地质条件与瓦斯赋存关系的分析,初步总结了该矿瓦斯地质规律,对矿井建设具有一定的指导作用. 相似文献
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在相对静岩压力40 MPa、地温150℃(大体相当于4 000 m深埋条件)、用时15 d的条件下,对灰色中厚层状鲕粒灰岩进行深埋藏热水交代白云化实验研究。结果表明:反应前后岩石的结构发生了轻微变化,尾液中的主要化学成分Ca2+浓度从0 mg/L增加到337 mg/L,Mg2+浓度从过饱和溶液降低到2 830 mg/L。电子探针分析结果表明,固体样CaO含量由61.000%降为60.830%,而MgO则由0.296%升到0.350%。可见,参与实验的固、液样品反应前后主量元素Ca、Mg有一定的变化。但根据样品的宏观观察、镜下鉴定、扫描电镜及X衍射图谱的综合对比,认为在该实验条件下,尚未产生明显的白云化现象。 相似文献
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模拟火山喷气成矿作用,在热硫化条件下,系统考察反应物中铁硫比值从Fe∶S=1∶1至1∶8变化对黄铁矿形成的影响。运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉晶衍射分析(XRD)等测试手段,观测和分析实验产物的形貌、成分和结构特征,发现随着Fe∶S比值的减小,实验产物中黄铁矿逐渐增多,磁黄铁矿逐渐减少,同时Fe∶S比值对实验产物的形貌也有一定的控制作用。计算结果显示实验产物中黄铁矿晶粒尺寸的变化范围为42.543~63.799 nm,磁黄铁矿晶粒尺寸的变化范围为21.973~87.926 nm,黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿的晶胞体积变化较小。结合热力学计算结果分析认为,在热硫化条件下,当Fe∶S比值小于或等于磁黄铁矿中铁硫原子比时,反应生成磁黄铁矿;当Fe∶S比值超过磁黄铁矿中铁硫原子比时,实验产物中出现黄铁矿;当Fe∶S比值达到或超过黄铁矿中铁硫原子比时,反应主要生成黄铁矿。过硫条件有利于黄铁矿的生长,硫源越充足,实验产物中黄铁矿越多。 相似文献
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The current study was carried out in order to investigate the short-term effect of different dilutions of wastewater on soil chemical properties, chemical fractions of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), and to assess the chemical buildup of heavy metal on two bean species. The experiment was performed as factorial based on completely randomized design with different dilutions of wastewater on two bean cultivars in two soil textures. The treatments consisted of irrigation with treated wastewater over all growing season, irrigation with wastewater and freshwater in equal proportions, and irrigation with well water only as control. The result showed that soil parameters are significantly affected by application of wastewater irrigation. Irrigation with wastewater increased the concentrations of organic matter, electrical conductivity, N, K, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ni in soils compared to the control treatment. However, their values were all below international standards. Application of wastewater decreased soil pH and calcium carbonate equivalent. Plant tissue analysis showed increases in N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations in grain and frond of beans in wastewater treatment as compared to the control. The concentrations of all elements in plants were lower than the toxic threshold. Chemical fractionations of Zn and Cu indicated that chemical forms of these metals were affected by irrigation with wastewater. Irrigating with wastewater resulted in the movement of Zn from the labile fractions towards the nonlabile fractions. In turn, mobility factor of Cu increased with application of wastewater. Maximum fresh and dry yields of beans were obtained from wastewater treatment compared to the control treatment. This study indicated that wastewater irrigation improves soil properties, plant growth, and yield without any contamination in soil and toxicity in plants. 相似文献
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酸雨条件下成都平原黄壤镉的等温吸附模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用人工模拟酸雨方法,配制含主要阴、阳离子及一定范围pH值的母液,选取成都市近郊典型农业土壤黄壤,研究黄壤在自然条件下镉的静态吸附;探究黄壤对镉的吸附特征,确定酸雨中影响黄壤镉吸附行为的关键因素及影响程度,建立黄壤对镉的等温吸附曲线,讨论酸雨条件下影响黄壤镉分配系数的关键因素;采用Henry模型拟合等温吸附曲线。结果表明,在实验设定的浓度范围内,该模型相关系数均达显著,能较好地描述镉在黄壤中的吸附过程。 相似文献
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节理、裂隙控制着地表岩体的力学强度和导水特性。采用遍布节理力学模型和饱和非饱和等效连续介质渗流模型反映节理的主导作用,基于节理连通率将岩体的渗流特性与力学特性耦合起来,分析了在FLAC3D中实现渗流与力学耦合机制、降雨边界条件处理以及连通率演化,并开发了适用于FLAC3D的多组遍布节理模型,模拟了海南矿业联合有限公司一顺层平台边坡降雨过程中渗流场和力学场的变化。计算结果表明,降雨开始后边坡地表迅速饱和并形成暂态饱和区,随着降雨的继续,边坡负压区进一步缩小,同时暂态饱和区也不断扩大;在降雨结束后,由于水压力迅速消散造成暂态饱和区开始减小,在降雨过程中渗流也会引起层面的破坏和其裂隙连通率的演化。因此,运用上述耦合分析模型计算降雨入渗对边坡稳定性的影响是可行的。 相似文献
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LM Shengo WNC Mutiti 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(10):2505-2520
Established and emerging technologies for treatment of flotation wastewaters are compared and discussed in the context of their applicability during the management of wastewaters from Cu–Co ores processing through flotation in the Katanga province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The effects from water recycling on water quality and flotation performance are briefly presented in parallel. The ore processing schemes and the wastewater management practices at two operational concentrators are illustrated as study cases and their peculiarities outlined. A reference to a copper concentrator in a nearby Zambia is addressed for comparative purpose. Based on analysis of the findings, the clarification, bio-treatment inside the tailing ponds or the use of constructed wetlands as polishing stage prior to water reuse are suggested as feasible treatment approaches in view improving the management practice of flotation wastewaters during the dressing of copper ores in the Katanga province. 相似文献