富氟花岗质熔体形成和演化的实验研究

通过高温高压实验，模拟了富氟花岗质熔体形成和演化的过程，结果表明，随着结晶分异作用的进行，熔体中SiO2含量降低而Al2O3和F含量升高，相应地，A／NKC和NKA／Si比值逐渐升高，并最终形成了贫硅过铝富氟的熔体。     

黑鳞云母花岗质岩浆的结晶分异及钠长花岗质岩浆的形成

以含F、过铝质、K_2O>Na_2O为特征的浅色黑鳞云母花岗岩为初始物,在P=150MPa,T=850～650℃和H_2O不饱和条件下进行熔化-结晶分异实验,结果表明:首先晶出的是石英和富钾碱性长石;随结晶温度下降和结晶相含量的增加,残余熔体中挥发份F及Na_2O、Al_2O_3含量逐渐增加,SiO_2、K_2O、CaO含量减少,显示含F浅色花岗质熔体具有向贫硅富钠的富氟钠长花岗质熔体组成演化的趋势;700℃开始,残余熔体具有天然富氟钠长花岗岩的组成特征:富Na_2O(Na_2O>K_2O)、Al_2O_3(>16％)和F(>1.5％)。上述残余熔体组成的演化特征与自然界从含氟黑鳞云母花岗岩到富氟钠长花岗岩的组成变化规律是一致的,充分证明了在本文的实验条件下,含氟黑鳞云母花岗岩能够经结晶分异演化出富氟钠长花岗岩熔体。     

100MPa、800℃下Mo和W在流体／花岗质熔体相间分配的实验研究

利用“RQV-快速内冷淬火”（外加热冷封式）高温高压实验装置,在100MPa、800℃条件下,以东秦岭地区出露的高钾钙碱性岩浆岩（合峪花岗岩）为实验初始物,实验研究了Mo和W在花岗岩-H2O、花岗岩-NaCl（KCl）-H2O及花岗岩-NaF-H2O体系流体／熔体相间的分配行为。实验结果表明,Mo比W更倾向于分配进入流体相（DMo^流体/溶体〉〉DW^流体/溶体）,相对于纯水体系而言,流体介质中Cl和F的存在均有利于Mo和W向流体相迁移富集,随体系内Cl含量的不断增高,Mo和W的分配系数呈线性增大趋势,而在天然花岗岩可能含有的F含量范围之内,F含量的增高将阻碍Mo、W向流体相迁移,流体介质中Na／K（摩尔比）的变化对Mo和W的分配系数没有明显影响,表明体系碱质（Na或K）类型不是Mo和W在流体／熔体相间分配的主要影响因素。     

花岗岩—H2O—HF体系相关系及氟对花岗质熔体结构的影响

通过在0.1GPa压力下钠长花岗岩-H₂O-HF体系相关系实验获得,随体系F含量的增加,石英的温度稳定域上限升高,长石的温度稳定域上限降低;石英、碱性长石的晶-液平衡热力学计算表明,F导致花岗质熔体中组分SiO₂的活度增加,组分NaAlSi₃O₈和KAlSi₃O₈的活度减小,且NaAlSi₃O₈活度较KAlSi₃O₈活度减小幅度大。这些结果显示了F在花岗质熔体中与Si以外的阳离子Al、Na、K等产生了结合,且F与Na结合的优先性大于K,破坏了具有电荷平衡离子Na、K的AlO₂^-四面体,使熔体架状网格中Si/(Si+Al)和K/Na比值增大。通过F与H₂O对花岗岩体系相平衡的影响比较,作者认为F不与Si结合是它与OH^-在干扰熔体结构方面的最大区别。     

连续玄武岩纤维矿石中TiO2、MgO含量的探讨

玄武岩纤维是以天然玄武岩为生产原料,高温熔融后经漏板拉丝制备而成的纤维。玄武岩纤维中TiO₂、MgO组分含量较低,但对纤维形成的影响不可忽略。根据峨眉山玄武岩中TiO₂、MgO含量不同的斜斑玄武岩和致密玄武岩进行拉丝试验,从玄武岩纤维成丝率、纤维断裂强度、熔制性能等分析,结合已有研究成果对玄武岩中TiO₂、MgO含量进行讨论。结果表明,连续玄武岩纤维矿石中的TiO₂、MgO可增强玄武岩纤维的热性能和化学性能,在一定范围内TiO₂含量增加、MgO含量减少,可提高玄武岩纤维的稳定性和成丝率,增强纤维断裂强度。在现有的工艺条件下,根据不同类别的玄武岩,可将连续玄武岩纤维矿石中TiO₂含量扩大到4%,增加矿石原料的选取范围。     

核磁共振横向弛豫时间T2谱与电阻率增大系数的关系

核磁共振横向弛豫时间T2谱、电阻率增大系数是油藏工程中很重要的参数,研究核磁共振横向弛豫时间T2谱与电阻率增大系数的关系对于利用核磁共振测井T2谱评价复杂储层具有较好的应用前景。基于分形理论,推导了核磁共振横向弛豫时间T2谱与电阻率增大系数关系的理论模型,并通过核磁共振与电阻率驱替联测实验进行了验证。研究表明:核磁共振横向弛豫时间T2谱与电阻率增大系数在一定润湿相饱和度范围内具有幂函数的关系;理论模型中系数α和β与岩样的孔隙结构有关,α和β越大,岩样的孔隙结构越好。     

西大别造山带红安高压榴辉岩的变质演化：岩相学与Na2O-CaO-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-O(Fe 2O3)体系中相平衡关系

西大别造山带红安高压榴辉岩主要矿物为石榴石、绿辉石、冻蓝闪石、石英和绿帘石,有时可见蓝闪石、多硅白云母和钠云母。石榴石具有生长环带且边缘成分变化大,可分为代表峰期的Ⅰ型边（X_Mg高、Grs低）和受退变质改造的Ⅱ型边（X_Mg低、Grs高）。石榴石内蓝闪石包体发育冻蓝闪石退变边,说明包体不能完全反映进变质条件。基质绿辉石比包体绿辉石Jd含量低,在一个晶体内成分有明显变化和沿解理缝发育冻蓝闪石,显示峰后绿辉石有成分变化和退变质改造。基质中冻蓝闪石晶体较大,核部见有蓝闪石残留,说明二者有成因联系。冻蓝闪石和绿辉石都发育后成合晶结构,石榴石有韭闪石的反应冠状体。在THERMOCALC程序计算的P-T视剖面图中,石榴石Ⅰ型边反映的峰期P-T条件为2.4~2.6GPa、570~585℃,和基质中多硅白云母Si含量等值线限定范围一致,对应硬柱石蓝闪石榴辉岩组合。石榴石Ⅱ型边P-T范围为1.9~2.4GPa、530~570℃,低于峰期条件。在可能的峰后降压过程中,岩石先后主要经历了硬柱石脱水生成绿帘石和蓝闪石、绿辉石退变为冻蓝闪石的反应阶段。绿辉石、冻蓝闪石发育的后成合晶说明晚期退变过程缺乏流体,石榴石的韭闪石冠状体也可能在该阶段产生,都受局部成分域控制。红安高压榴辉岩中各矿物与成分代表不同变质阶段,称其为冻蓝闪石榴辉岩只是对现有主要组成矿物的描述,不是基于共生关系的严格岩石学命名。     

珠江三角洲大气中卤代阻燃剂的污染特征、变化趋势及与PM2.5的关系

本研究采集了珠江三角洲9个城市的126对颗粒态(PM_2.5)和气态大气样品,系统分析了8种多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）、6种新型溴代阻燃剂（NBFRs）和得克隆（DPs）等卤代阻燃剂,评估了其污染特征和历史变化趋势,探讨了卤代阻燃剂与PM_2.5的关系。结果表明,十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE,中值浓度为59.91pg/m³）是大气中浓度最高的阻燃剂,∑₇ PBDEs、十溴二苯醚（BDE-209）和∑₅ NBFRs（中值浓度分别为9.89pg/m³、8.37pg/m³和8.81 pg/m³）浓度相当,DPs（中值浓度为1.74pg/m³）浓度最低。对比先前研究报道,可见包括BDE-209在内的PBDEs浓度显著下降,反映出区内限用、禁用PBDEs及电子垃圾管控的成效;DBDPE浓度则相对稳定。在颗粒相(PM_2.5)中,部分溴代阻燃剂与PM_2.5浓度间呈现出相关...     

Estimating Influence of Crystallizing Latent Heat on Cooling-Crystallizing Process of a Granitic Melt and Its Geological Implications

Based on the theory of thermal conductivity, in this paper we derived a formula to estimate the prolongation period （AtL） of cooling-crystallization process of a granitic melt caused by latent heat of crystallization as follows：△tL=QL×△tcol/（TM-TC）×CP where TM is initial temperature of the granite melt, Tc crystallization temperature of the granite melt, Cp specific heat, △tcol cooling period of a granite melt from its initial temperature （TM） to its crystallization temperature （Tc）, QL latent heat of the granite melt.
The cooling period of the melt for the Fanshan granodiorite from its initial temperature （900℃） to crystallization temperature （600℃） could be estimated -210,000 years if latent heat was not considered. Calculation for the Fanshan melt using the above formula yields a AtL value of -190,000 years, which implies that the actual cooling period within the temperature range of 900°-600℃ should be 400,000 years. This demonstrates that the latent heat produced from crystallization of the granitic melt is a key factor influencing the cooling-crystallization process of a granitic melt, prolongating the period of crystallization and resulting in the large emplacement-crystallization time difference （ECTD） in granite batholith.     

钠长花岗岩—H2O—HF体系相关系及含黄玉花岗质岩石的成因

在Ｐ＝１００ＭＰａ,ｔ＝８４０－４５０℃条件下,通过钠长花岗岩Ｈ２Ｏ－ＨＦ体系相关系实验获得;（１）随体系Ｆ含量的增加,固相线温度显著下降。（２）石英和黄玉的温度稳定域上限升高,碱性长石的稳定域上限降低;在Ｆ≤４％时,体系能在固线性之上结晶出典型的黄玉花岗岩矿物组合;在Ｆ＝６％时,体系能在固相线之上结晶出典型的黄玉云英矿物组合;（２）含氟浅色花岗质熔体具有能分异出极端富Ｆ残余熔体的趋势。     

Formation, Crystallization, and Migration of Melt in the Mid-orogenic Crust: Muskoka Domain Migmatites, Grenville Province, Ontario

Migmatitic orthogneisses in the Muskoka domain, southwesternGrenville Province, Ontario, formed during the Ottawan stage(c. 1080–1050 Ma) of the Grenvillian orogeny. Stromaticmigmatites are volumetrically dominant, comprising granodioriticgneisses with 2–5 cm thick granitic leucosomes, locallyrimmed by thin melanosomes, that constitute 20–30 vol.%, and locally 40–50 vol. %, of the outcrops. Patch migmatitesin dioritic gneisses form large (>10 m) pinch-and-swell structureswithin the stromatic migmatites, and consist of decimetre-scale,irregular patches of granitic leucosome, surrounded by medium-grainedhornblende–plagioclase melanosomes interpreted as restite.The patches connect to larger networks of zoned pegmatite dykes.Petrographic and geochemical evidence suggests that the patchleucosomes formed by 20–40% fluid-present, equilibriummelting of the dioritic gneiss, followed by feldspar-dominatedcrystallization. The dyke networks may have resulted from hydraulicfracturing, probably when the melts reached water saturationduring crystallization. Field and geochemical data from thestromatic migmatites suggest a similar petrogenesis to the patchmigmatites, but with significant additions of externally derivedmelts, indicating that they acted as conduits for melts derivedfrom deeper structural levels within the orogen. We hypothesizethat the Muskoka domain represents a transfer zone for meltsmigrating to higher structural levels during Grenvillian deformation. KEY WORDS: migmatite geochemistry; partial melting; melt crystallization; melt transport; Grenville orogen     

胶东昆嵛山花岗岩的特征、成因及其与金矿的关系

昆嵛山花岗岩是牟平—乳山金矿成矿带的围岩，在其成因和定位时代上长期存在争议。本文对岩体地质和地球化学特征进行了系统研究，并就岩体成因及其与金矿的关系进行了讨论。作者认为，昆嵛山花岗岩是在中生代由岩浆缓慢冷凝结晶形成的大型复式岩基，并非交代成因。它由垛崮顶片麻状花岗闪长岩（１４７Ｍａ）、八门邹家斑状花岗闪长岩（１３５Ｍａ）、瓦善—水道弱片麻状二长花岗岩及五爪山片麻状含榴二长花岗岩（１２０Ｍａ）组成，成分具贫铝富碱的特点。岩浆来源于中下地壳中酸性变质火山岩系部分熔融形成的岩浆，其形成温度为６５０—７５０℃。岩体经历了韧性和脆性变形作用，不同方向的片麻状构造是岩浆结晶期韧性变形作用的结果。脆性变形形成的断裂和破碎带是本区主要的导矿和容矿构造。花岗岩定位、韧和脆性变形作用与金矿成矿作用有十分密切的关系     

Magma Mixing as a Trigger for Sulphide Saturation in the UG2 Chromitite (Bushveld): Evidence from the Silicate and Sulphide Melt Inclusions in Chromite

It is of great importance to understand the origin of UG2 chromitite reefs and reasons why some chromitite reefs contain relatively high contents of platinum group elements(PGEs: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh,Pt, Pd) or highly siderophile elements(HSEs: Au, Re, PGE). This paper documents sulphide-silicate assemblages enclosed in chromite grains from the UG2 chromitite. These are formed as a result of crystallisation of sulphide and silicate melts that are trapped during chromite crystallisation. The inclusions display negative crystal shapes ranging from several micrometres to 100 μm in size.Interstitial sulphide assemblages lack pyrrhotite and consist of chalcopyrite, pentlandite and some pyrite. The electron microprobe data of these sulphides show that the pentlandite grains present in some of the sulphide inclusions have a significantly higher iron(Fe) and lower nickel(Ni) content than the pentlandite in the rock matrix. Pyrite and chalcopyrite show no difference. The contrast in composition between inter-cumulus plagioclase(An_(68)) and plagioclase enclosed in chromite(An_(13)), as well as the presence of quartz, is consistent with the existence of a felsic melt at the time of chromite saturation.Detailed studies of HSE distribution in the sulphides and chromite were conducted by LA-ICP-MS(laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry), which showed the following.(Ⅰ) Chromite contained no detectable HSE in solid solution.(Ⅱ) HSE distribution in sulphide assemblages interstitial to chromite was variable. In general, Pd, Rh, Ru and Ir occurred dominantly in pentlandite, whereas Os,Pt and Au were detected only in matrix sulphide grains and were clearly associated with Bi and Te.(Ⅲ)In the sulphide inclusions,(a) pyrrhotite did not contain any significant amount of HSE,(b) chalcopyrite contained only some Rh compared to the other sulphides,(c) pentlandite was the main host for Pd,(d)pyrite contained most of the Ru, Os, Ir and Re,(e) Pt and Rh were closely associated with Bi forming a continuous rim between pyrite and pentlandite and(f) no Au was detected. These results show that the use of ArF excimer laser to produce high-resolution trace element maps provides information that cannot be obtained by conventional(spot) LA-ICP-MS analysis or trace element maps that use relatively large beam diameters.     

Dissolution of Quartz, Albite, and Orthoclase in H2O-Saturated Haplogranitic Melt at 800{degrees}C and 200 MPa: Diffusive Transport Properties of Granitic Melts at Crustal Anatectic Conditions

We have conducted experiments on dissolution of quartz, albite,orthoclase, and corundum into H₂O-saturated haplogranite meltat 800°C and 200 MPa over a duration of 120–1488 hwith the aim of ascertaining the diffusive transport propertiesof granitic melts at crustal anatectic temperatures. Cylindersof anhydrous starting glass and a single mineral phase (quartzor feldspar) were juxtaposed along flat and polished surfacesinside gold or platinum capsules with 10 wt % added H₂O. Concentrationprofiles in glass (quenched melt) perpendicular to the mineral–glassinterfaces and comparison with relevant phase diagrams suggestthat melts at the interface are saturated in the dissolvingphases after 384 h, and with longer durations the concentrationprofiles are controlled only by diffusion of components in themelt. The evolution of the concentration profiles with timeindicates that uncoupled diffusion in the melt takes place alongthe following four linearly independent directions in oxidecomposition space: SiO₂, Na₂O, and K₂O axes (Si-, Na-, and K-eigenvectors,respectively), and a direction between the Al₂O₃, Na₂O, andK₂O axes (Al-eigenvector), such that the Al/Na molar ratio isequal to that of the bulk melt and the Al/(Na + K) molar ratiois equal to the equilibrium ASI (= mol. Al₂O₃/[Na₂O + K₂O])of the melt. Experiments in which a glass cylinder was sandwichedbetween two mineral cylinders—quartz and albite, quartzand K-feldspar, or albite and corundum—tested the validityof the inferred directions of uncoupled diffusion and exploredlong-range chemical communication in the melt via chemical potentialgradients. The application of available solutions to the diffusionequations for the experimental quartz and feldspar dissolutiondata provides diffusivities along the directions of the Si-eigenvectorand Al-eigenvector of (2·0–2·8) x 10^–15m²/s and (0·6–2·4) x 10^–14 m²/s, respectively.Minimum diffusivities of alkalis [(3–9) x 10^–11m²/s] are orders of magnitude greater than the tetrahedral componentsof the melt. The information provided here determines the rateat which crustal anatexis can occur when sufficient heat issupplied and diffusion is the only mass transport (mixing) processin the melt. The calculated diffusivities imply that a quartzo-feldspathicsource rock with initial grain size of 2–3 mm undergoinghydrostatic, H₂O-saturated melting at 800°C (infinite heatsupply) could produce 20–30 vol. % of homogeneous meltin less than 1–10 years. Slower diffusion in H₂O-undersaturatedmelts will increase this time frame. KEY WORDS: chemical diffusion; haplogranite; mineral dissolution experiments; crustal anatexis     

云南白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区碳氧同位素组成及其意义

为探讨兰坪盆地内白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区水_岩反应的可能性 ,对矿集区的热液矿物、蚀变岩石和原岩的碳、氧同位素组成进行了分析。分析结果显示 ,热液成矿阶段形成的方解石、菱铁矿、菱锶矿的δ13 CPDB 值为-8.3‰～ + 2 .7‰ ,相对变化较小 ;而δ18OSMOW 值为 -2 .5‰～ + 2 4.3‰ ,变化较大 ,且出现了自然界中少见的极低值(± 0‰ )。水岩交换模拟反应显示 ,在成矿早阶段 ,成矿流体的δ13 C和δ18O值分别为 -7‰和 + 7‰ ,与岩浆水组成特征相似 ,它是一种具有深源CO2 的热卤水。在此流体中 ,可溶性碳以HCO-3 为主 ,方解石等热液矿物的形成温度为3 0 0～ 160℃ ,水岩交换比值较小 (0～ 0 .4)。在成矿晚阶段 ,成矿流体的δ13 C和δ18O值分别为 -2 .5‰和 -12 .5‰ ,可溶性碳以H2 CO3 为主 ,方解石等形成温度为 2 50～ 150℃ ,水岩交换比值稍大 (0 .2～ 0 .6) ,显示出晚阶段成矿流体具有大气降水的特征。δ13 C值的增加 ,很可能与降温作用和灰岩的溶解或去碳酸盐化作用有关     

高温高压下CO2在水中溶解度实验及理论模型

利用自行研制的高温高压反应釜,在不同温度、压力和矿化度条件下测试CO₂在地层水中的溶解度。实验结果表明:温度一定的条件下,CO₂在水中的溶解度随压力的增加而增加;压力一定的条件下,CO₂在水中溶解度的主要变化趋势为随温度的增加而降低,当温度大于100℃、压力在22 MPa左右时,CO₂在地层水中的溶解度将发生异常,出现低压(小于22 MPa)时随温度的增加而降低,高压(大于22 MPa)时随温度的增加而略微升高;在温度压力都一定的条件下,CO₂在水中的溶解度随矿化度的增加而降低。并且,在新测得的实验数据和已有的实验数据的基础上,通过修正PR-HV状态方程中的参数,建立了一个能够精确计算CO₂在水中溶解度的模型;并将该模型与其他模型对比。对比结果表明,该模型计算精度最高,平均相对误差仅为2.69%。     

CO_2 Density-Raman Shift Relation Derived from Synthetic Inclusions in Fused Silica Capillaries and Its Application

Abstract: The densities of CO2 inclusions in minerals are commonly used to determine the crystallizing conditions of the host minerals. However, conventional microthermometry is difficult to apply for inclusions of small size (< 5–10 μm) or low density. Raman analysis is an alternative method for determining CO2 density, provided that the CO2 density–Raman shift relation is known. This study aims to establish this CO2 density–Raman shift relation by using CO2 inclusions synthesized in fused silica capillaries. By using this newly-developed synthetic technique, we formed pure CO2 inclusions, and their densities were determined by microthermometry. The Raman analysis showed that the relation between CO2 density (D in g/cm3) and the separations (Δ in cm?1) between the two main bands (i.e. Fermi diad bands) in CO2 Raman spectra can be represented by a cubic equation: D (g/cm3)=0.74203(?0.019Δ3+5.90332Δ2?610.79472Δ+21050.30165)?3.54278 (r2=0.99920). Our calculated D value for a given Δ is between those obtained from two previously-reported equations, which were derived from different experimental methods. An example was given in this study to demonstrate that the densities of natural CO2 inclusions that could not be derived from microthermometry could be determined by using our method.