利用相关分析划分重力异常

本文从理论上对相关分析法区分重力异常的可行性进行了论述，并从一元线性回归方程着手，对大地水准面上的重力值与相应的地形高程作了相关分析，通过分析，认为在区域性小比例主均衡补偿基本完善的条件下，重力值与高程有极好的线性相关关系；当计算窗口较大时，地下的局部不均匀体，不足以破坏重力值与高程的相头发一，所以，在实际工作中，利用相关分析处理重力资料的叠加场，可以收到较好的效果，且方法简单易行。     

青海玉树地区第三纪盆地原型及其演化

青藏高原东北部玉树地区第三纪发育一系列陆内红色盆地,它们是在古特提斯多岛洋构造格局基础上,受青藏高原的隆起和大规模的逆冲-推覆和走滑-拉分作用的影响而形成。其演化明显呈阶段性发展,即早期受南西向挤压作用,研究区形成逆冲断裂,致使断裂下盘压陷形成前陆盆地,沉积一套河流相的粗碎屑岩系,局部伴有岩浆活动;中期控盆地断裂发生西北向的走滑-拉分,形成拉分盆地,沉积一套湖泊三角洲相细碎屑岩系,并伴有广泛岩浆活动;晚期走滑挤压作用,沉积一套河流湖泊相粗碎屑岩系。区域构造演化控制了盆地沉降作用、沉积作用、火成活动和盆地的构造格架。     

基于重力异常的松辽盆地构造特征识别

为了解决构造识别中多个断层不能同时识别倾向的问题,提出了利用断裂构造重力异常水平导数的分布特征实现的倾向成像技术,即断裂水平导数变化率较小的一侧指示断裂的倾向;由此可直接标识出断裂的特征,避免了以往该类方法复杂的运算。将这种技术应用到松辽盆地的实测重力异常的处理中,获得了松辽盆地的构造特征。松辽盆地东西两侧具有明显的重力异常差异,但已有的电法、地震资料难以揭示这种差异的原因。笔者以地震数据为约束,利用重力数据进行松辽盆地地层界面的反演,获得了莫霍面及以下的界面特征;认为松辽盆地重力异常差异的原因是松辽盆地莫霍面下方10 km存在一个界面,且由于太平洋板块的俯冲造成该界面在松辽盆地发生了较大的起伏,从而呈现异常的变化。     

鄂西沉积型赤铁矿含矿沉积盆地与成矿作用分析

鄂西是中国沉积型高磷赤铁矿的重要产区,含矿岩系为上泥盆统黄家蹬组和写经寺组,前者主体为近滨亚相沉积,后者为较平坦的远滨带.铁矿化受含矿沉积盆地和岩相古地理环境控制,矿化主要赋存于碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩中.含矿建造层序构成了沉积旋回,与海进-海退相呼应.中泥盆世盆地下陷接受沉积;晚泥盆世下陷加速,在晚泥盆世晚期海水最深.之后盆...     

Gravity Investigation in Area East of River Nile （Khartoum State）

The purpose of the study is to investigate the subsurface geology of the area. For quantitative interpretation of the resulting Bouguer anomalies, borehole data are explored. This is done along several profiles obtained from software program G.model @ version 2.2 No.175. This program is base don two -dimensional mass distribution. The interpretation reveals two basinal features filling depressions in the basement complex named as Abu Harira basin and Kabbashi basin. They are structurally related to Khartourn basin. As a result, a geological/structural map of the area in east of the Nile is produced. The basinal features in the study area are considered as parts of the central Sudan (Khartourn basin) that had been subjected to several tectonic events that resulted in the formation of several fracture systems associated with block subsidence and formation of these basins.     

Sequence Stratigraphic Modeling of Sedimentary Basin: Conceptual Model and Application to Erlian and Yinggehai Basins, China

INTRODUCTIONQuantitativebasinmodelinghasbecomeoneofthefrontiersinsedimentarybasinanalySis.Alargevarietyofnumericalmodelsconcerningbasinformation,basinfillingprocess,thermalhistory,hydrocarbongenerationandaCCUmulationhavebeenformulatedoverthelastdecadetondAnctheprocessesandevollltionofsedimentarybasins(Mckenzie,1978,signeretal.,1990;Ungereretal.,1990).Thebasinmodeling,utilizingcomputersimulationtechnique,isapowerfultoolforbasinanalySisandhasincreasinglybeenintegratedintoconventionalbasi…     

云南三江造山带近东西向构造特征及其研究意义

对地球物理位场进行处理分析的结果表明 ,在云南三江造山带近南—北向为主的构造框架背景中 ,存在有多处与之相互正交或斜交的近东—西向构造 ,这些近东西方向展布的构造呈现出隐伏或深部构造特点。在布格重力异常影像中表现为大波长、幅值低的深部构造带特征 ;地质上表现为一系列近东—西向出现的断裂、岩体和矿床的成带分布 ;遥感解译结果则表现出在三江造山带内有多条平行展布的浅埋深东西向隐伏构造带。本文结合地质、地球物理地震波速信息等资料 ,对该区近东西向构造特征及分布规律进行探讨后提出三江地区存在的近东西—向展布的近东西向构造可能是青藏高原主碰撞造山后 ,各块体物质向东南挤出的深部物质流变构造的反映 ,也可能是在三江造山带挤压碰撞及走滑拉张环境下的伸展构造或老构造的再活化。它的形成机制可能类似于青藏高原南部南—北向伸展构造 (裂谷 )。近东—西向构造的深入研究和成因再认识对于深入分析云南三江地区复杂的地质构造 ,区域地壳演化历史 ,特别对是重新认识区域成矿规律、指导找矿具有重要意义     

The Darfur Dome,western Sudan: the product of a subcontinental mantle plume

Field investigations, K-Ar age determinations and chemical data were used to describe the development of an intraplate volcanic province, the Darfur Dome, Sudan. Magmatism started 36 Ma ago at a small subvolcanic complex (Jebel Kussa) in the center of the dome and was active in the same area between 26 and 23 Ma. Two major volcanic fields (Marra Mountains and Tagabo Hills) developed between 16 and 10 Ma. Volcanism started again at 6.8 Ma with a third volcanic field (Meidob Hills) and at 4.3 Ma in the Marra Mountains and with the reactivation of the center. Activity then continued until the late Quaternary. Having started in the center of the Darfur Dome, volcanism moved in 36 Ma 200 km towards the NNE and 100 km SSW No essential difference in the alkaline magma types (basanitic to phonolitic-trachytic, with different amounts of assimilation of crustal material) in the different fields, was observed. Magmatism is thought to have been produced by a rising mantle plume and volcanism was triggered by stress resolution along the Central African Fault Zone.     

利用重力资料识别火山机构——以庐枞盆地为例

以庐枞地区为例,对火山机构中的各类构造现象的重力异常特征进行了归纳,介绍了利用重力资料识别火山构造的方法。     

镜质体反射率在重建盆地古地温中的应用──中国东部、西部中、新生代沉积盆地古地温特征

在总结前人关于镜质体反射率重建盆地古地温方法的基础上,讨论了各方法的理论基础、应用效果及其局限性。选择理论上与实际应用效果较好的EasyR0方法,重建了东部苏北盆地、辽河盆地和西部柴达木盆地、三塘湖盆地典型探井的古地温演化模式。结果表明我国东部中、新代大陆架谷型盆地,具有比酉部中、新生代前陆型盆地更高的古地温梯度。中生代末至第三纪早期,东部盆地的古地温梯度大于4．0℃／100m,而西部盆地的在3．0～2．5℃／100m。我国中、新生代沉积盆地古地温普遍具有从高到低的演化趋势,而柴达木盆地则相反,古地温梯度自早第三纪的2．5℃／100m升高到现今的3．0℃／100m。这几个盆地古地温的成功恢复,证实EasyR0方法对热演化各异的不同类型盆地古地温恢复具有广泛的适应性,而且,准确性高。过去常用的TTI－R0方法过高地计算了有机质的成熟度,使重建的古地温偏低。     

沉积盆地的构造地层分析——以中国构造活动盆地研究为例

结合盆地形成演化过程中各种构造作用与盆地沉积充填和改造过程的成因分析,是揭示内陆构造活动盆地沉积体系域时空配置和生储盖发育分布的重要基础。各级构造不整合面的发育分布决定着盆地规模等时地层格架的基本样式。盆地构造演化的阶段性、旋回性及多期的构造变革对盆内多旋回的沉积-剥蚀过程的叠加和原型盆地的叠合等可产生深刻的影响。阐明不同构造幕同沉积构造活动和古构造格架与沉积物分散过程和构造古地貌变化的成因关系,是建立盆地沉积充填模式的关键。构造坡折带对特定的沉积相带或体系域的发育具有明显的制约作用,往往构成盆内重要的油气成藏区带。中国西部大型叠合盆地内古隆起的形成演化和隆、坳格局的变迁可导致复杂的层序结构和不整合分布样式,对地层或构造地层圈闭的形成分布具有重要的控制作用。     

赣西晚三叠世聚煤盆地的形成与演化

根据赣西晚三叠世含煤地层的沉积特征，时空演变以及区域地质构造变动特点，本文提出了赣西晚三叠世拉裂盆地的形成及演化模式。并认为盆地的形成始于萍乡一带，逐步朝北东方向发展，与盆地轴向一致的上栗—宜丰、萍乡—高安、腊市—丰城断裂受区域地壳挤压扭动产生的局部拉裂是导致盆地形成的主要因素。     

华南北部湾盆地的形成机制

从北部湾盆地的区域地质构造背景、几何形态、边界断裂及内部断裂特征解析,综合沉积中心迁移规律及盆内构造研究,提出北部湾盆地为右行右阶走滑拉分成因。盆地的形成和发展受控于合浦-北流、信宜-廉江、吴川-四会和阳江-河源4条深大断裂带,这4条主干断裂带构成右阶断裂格架。古近系出现的花状构造等表现出典型的张扭特征,新近系受到压扭作用改造发生挤压反转,该盆地构造演化过程与华南大陆中、新生代拉分盆地具有同期性和相似性。中生代基底中先存的深大走滑断裂带是新生代北部湾盆地形成的先决地质条件。而印度-澳大利亚板块对欧亚板块碰撞挤压作用的逐渐增强和太平洋板块俯冲方向的改变及俯冲作用的衰减是控制北部湾盆地形成演化的区域大地构造因素。     

中国近海新生代盆地沉积环境演变分析

中国近海新生代具有不同类型的沉积盆地,它们是不同板块之间的相互作用而形成的,包括板内裂谷型、板缘聚敛型和板缘离散型沉积盆地,其中板缘聚敛型可细分为裂谷型和坳陷型,板缘离散型可细分为裂谷型、坳陷型和扭张型。②不同类型的沉积盆地能够反映不同沉积环境的演变特征。在盆地的断陷—坳陷发育期,板内裂谷型沉积盆地沉积环境以陆相为主;板缘聚敛型沉积盆地的沉积环境总体上具有海相到陆相的演变特征;板缘离散型沉积盆地沉积环境总体上具有陆相到海相的演变特征。③在不同盆地结构和沉积环境下,发育不同类型的沉积体系。裂谷型沉积盆地以近源堆积的沉积体系为主,坳陷型沉积盆地以远源堆积的沉积体系为主;板缘聚敛型沉积盆地坡折及三角洲发育规模小,板缘离散型沉积盆地坡折及三角洲发育规模大。     

胶东招远-平度断裂地球物理异常特征及其控矿条件研究

招远-平度断裂是胶东金矿集区三条超大型控矿断裂（三山岛、焦家及招远-平度断裂）之一。受地表第四系覆盖影响,金矿体空间赋存位置与主断裂及其次级断裂地表出露位置的耦合关系尚存问题。通过开展精细化处理区域重力和航空磁测数据,如空间域不同高度延拓（100 m、200 m和500 m）及垂向一阶导数等方法,发现招远-平度断裂地表出露位置与深部地球物理梯度带存在位移差,且位移差向断裂倾向方向南东侧移动趋势愈发明显,进一步证明招远-平度断裂深部倾向南东,倾角由浅至深逐渐变缓,局部变化剧烈的地质推论。同时,开展地表高精度1/10000比例尺的重力结果显示,重力异常曲线自西向东整体呈快速上升趋势,局部存在凹陷区,表明花岗质碎裂岩及绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩密度（2.63 g/cm3）介于玲珑二长花岗岩（2.57 g/cm3）和古元古界（2.82 g/cm3）之间,含矿层位与围岩存在较大密度差,金矿体主要赋存于花岗质碎裂岩及绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩层位的倾角由陡变缓或由缓变陡的折部位,可分别发现石英脉型金矿和蚀变岩型金矿。     

沉积盆地超压系统演化与深层油气成藏条件

晚期成藏是大中型油气田形成的重要特征。从晚期成藏的观点出发，深层油气藏的形成需要盆地深层发育仍处于有利生，排烃阶段的源岩，具有较高孔隙度，渗透率的深部储层，以及有利的储层－盖层能量配置，在超压盆地中，超压对生烃的抑制作用使常压盆地中已过成熟的源岩保持在有利的生，排烃阶段，从而为深层油气成藏提供较好的烃源条件，超压条件下低有效应力引起的机械压实程度减弱，流体流动性减弱引起的化学胶结作用减缓及有机酸对矿物的溶解作用使深埋超压储层保持较高的孔隙度和渗透率。然而，由于超压引起的地层天然水力破裂和流体穿层运移。超压环境深部油气藏的形成和保存需要有效的储层－盖层能量配置。     

Evolution, Migration, Controlling Factors and Forming Setting of Mesozoic Basins in Western Shandong

The distinctive topography in western Shandong province consists of several NW-WNW-trending mountain ranges and intervening basins. Basins, in which late-stage sediments to the south have progressively overlapped the earlier sediments and ＂basement＂ rocks of the hanging-wall block, are bounded by S-SW-dipping normal faults to the north. Basin analysis reveals the Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary rocks accumulated both within the area of crustal extension and during extensional deformation; they contain a record of a sequence of tectonic events during stretching and can be divided into four tectonic-sequence episodes. These basins were initially developed as early as ca. 200 Ma in the northern part of the study area, extending dominantly N-S from the Early Jurassic until the Late Cretaceous. Although with a brief hiatus due to changes in stress field, to keep uniform N-S extensional polarity in such a long time as 130 Ma requires a relatively stable tectonic controlling factor responsible for the NW- and E-W-extensional basins. The formation of the extensional basins is partly concurrent with regional magmatism, but preceded magmatism by 40 Ma. This precludes a genetic link between local magmatism and extension during the Mesozoic. Based on integrated studies of basins and deformation, we consider that the gravitational collapse of the early overthickened continental crust may be the main tectonic driver for the Mesozoic extensional basins. From the Early Jurassic, dramatic reduction in north-south horizontal compressive stress made the western Shandong deformation belt switch from a state of failure under shortening to one dominated by extension and the belt gravitationally collapsed and horizontally spread to the south until equilibrium was established; synchronously, the normal faults and basins were developed based on the model of simple-shear extensional deformation. This may be relative to the gravitational collapse of the Mesozoic plateau in eastern China.     

中国西部盆地台盆区高角度断层的成因及控油气作用分析

给出了中国西部盆地台盆区普遍发育高角度(倾角 > 45°) 断层的证据, 从断裂形成的力学机制上分析了高角度断层的成因, 认为中国西部盆地台盆区高角度断层的形成主要受压扭性应力场控制, 同时与脆性地层的变形特点有关.断层面静封闭压力由岩石泊桑比、上覆地层容重、断层埋藏深度和倾角、最大和最小主应力以及断层走向与最大主应力方向的夹角等计算, 作为断层开启性评价的一个指标, 断层面静封闭压力的计算表明, 断层的开启性随断层倾角的增加而增加, 同时, 沿断层面运移的油气所受浮力在平行断层面方向上的分力也随着断层倾角的增加而增加, 这就决定了高角度断层更有利于油气的垂向运移.结合西部盆地的具体分析, 认为中国西部盆地区域性高角度断层是沟通深部成藏动力学系统与中上部成藏动力学系统的重要通道, 是中上部系统成藏的关键, 直接决定着中上部系统中油气的分布, 在每一系统内部发育的高角度断层具有使油气在断层断开的最新层位中优先充注成藏的基本规律.这些认识对指导油气勘探具有重要意义, 而且, 这些认识同样可推广到其他存在高角度断层的盆地中.      

黑龙江省五常地区重力场特征及区域地质构造特征分析

区域重力调查工作,对断裂的空间位置及区域构造分区是主要地质任务之一。本文利用布格重力异常,进行深部场、浅部场的分析。通过场的分离对区域场与剩余场特征分析;经过异常转换信息划分区域地质构造界线,特别是对Ⅲ级构造单元的划分从重力异常成果中,获得三高二低趋势,通过深大断裂划分确定区域地质构造分区界线,从而重新划分该区Ⅲ级以上构造区块位置,本次工作成果将为今后该区研究工作带来新的信息。     

Oil and Gas Accumulation in the Foreland Basins, Central and Western China

<正>Foreland basin represents one of the most important hydrocarbon habitats in central and western China.To distinguish these foreland basins regionally,and according to the need of petroleum exploration and favorable exploration areas,the foreland basins in central and western China can be divided into three structural types:superimposed,retrogressive and reformative foreland basin(or thrust belt),each with distinctive petroleum system characteristics in their petroleum system components(such as the source rock,reservoir rock,caprock,time of oil and gas accumulation,the remolding of oil/gas reservoir after accumulation,and the favorable exploration area,etc.).The superimposed type foreland basins,as exemplified by the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin, characterized by two stages of early and late foreland basin development,typically contain at least two hydrocarbon source beds,one deposited in the early foreland development and another in the later fault-trough lake stage.Hydrocarbon accumulations in this type of foreland basin often occur in multiple stages of the basin development,though most of the highly productive pools were formed during the late stage of hydrocarbon migration and entrapment(Himalayan period).This is in sharp contrast to the retrogressive foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Permian to Triassic) such as the western Sichuan Basin,where prolific hydrocarbon source rocks are associated with sediments deposited during the early stages of the foreland basin development.As a result, hydrocarbon accumulations in retrogressive foreland basins occur mainly in the early stage of basin evolution.The reformative foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Himalayan period) such as the northern Qaidam Basin,in contrast,contain organic-rich,lacustrine so urce rocks deposited only in fault-trough lake basins occurring prior to the reformative foreland development during the late Cenozoic,with hydrocarbon accumulations taking place relatively late(Himalayan period).Therefore,the ultimate hydrocarbon potentials in the three types of foreland basins are largely determined by the extent of spatial and temporal matching among the thrust belts,hydrocarbon source kitchens,and regional and local caprocks.